EP0390882B1 - Rocking piston machine - Google Patents

Rocking piston machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0390882B1
EP0390882B1 EP89909535A EP89909535A EP0390882B1 EP 0390882 B1 EP0390882 B1 EP 0390882B1 EP 89909535 A EP89909535 A EP 89909535A EP 89909535 A EP89909535 A EP 89909535A EP 0390882 B1 EP0390882 B1 EP 0390882B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
rocking
piston machine
elastic biasing
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89909535A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0390882A1 (en
Inventor
Willy Ernst Salzmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salzmann Willy Ernst
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0390882A1 publication Critical patent/EP0390882A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0390882B1 publication Critical patent/EP0390882B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/02Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
    • F01B9/026Rigid connections between piston and rod; Oscillating pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18Other cylinders
    • F02F1/183Oval or square cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/0023Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/004Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by two single acting piston motors, each acting in one direction
    • F01B2011/005Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by two single acting piston motors, each acting in one direction with oscillating pistons, i.e. the pistons are arranged in ring like cylinder sections and oscillate with respect to the center of the ring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/04Forging of engine parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00Metals
    • F05C2201/04Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448Steel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements to a pendulum piston machine according to EP-A-0 303 649 (state of the art according to Article (54 (3) EPC).
  • This machine has at least one pendulum piston fixed to a connecting rod, the edge of which is in a preferably curved cylinder running.
  • the sealing strips 14 are slidably mounted and directly connected to one another by compression springs 15.
  • These springs 15 are axially displaceably mounted in the longitudinal bores of the pendulum piston and cause the sealing strips 14 to bear continuously against the cylinder walls 4.
  • Shorter compression springs 16 are supported in the blind holes of the pendulum piston, which reach only approximately to the center of the piston, and are supported in the bottom thereof and serve to center the piston laterally within the cylinder walls 4 Spring detection and pre-tensioning ensure that the pendulum piston runs safely and with as little friction as possible, the center of which runs with increasing speed on movement curves between Fig. 1A to approximately Fig. 1B.
  • Two or more coil springs 15 and / or 16 can be arranged coaxially one inside the other, or can be replaced by other elastic means.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A reciprocating piston engine with a cylinder crankcase (5) with curved cylinder walls (4) and a circular internal cross-section has a reciprocating piston (7) with integrated connecting rod shaft (8) and a circular connecting rod eye (9) which acts as a counterweight. This allows the centre (1) of the piston to trace curves of given shape, which results in a floating movement of the reciprocating piston (7) with very small lateral forces. The larger lateral amplitudes which result require special sealing strips (14) with corresponding pressure springs (15).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Verbesserungen an einer Pendelkolbenmaschine gemäss EP-A-0 303 649, (Stand der Technik gemäß Artikel (54(3) EPÜ). Diese Maschine weist wenigstens einen an einer Pleuelstange festen Pendelkolben auf, dessen Rand in einem vorzugsweise eingewölbten Zylinder läuft.The present invention relates to improvements to a pendulum piston machine according to EP-A-0 303 649 (state of the art according to Article (54 (3) EPC). This machine has at least one pendulum piston fixed to a connecting rod, the edge of which is in a preferably curved cylinder running.

In der vorgenannten Publikation EP-A-0 303 649 (Salzmann) wurde von der Annahme ausgEgangen, dass dank des erfindunjsgemässen, unterhalb der Pleuelstange angeordneten Gegengewichtes der Kolbenmittelpunkt auf einer Geraden und der Kolben somit ohne Seitenkräfte in Zylinder laufe. Diese Ansicht wurde aufgrund von Modellversuchen vertreten, bei denen trotz Stroboskopischer Beleuchtung dieser Eindruck entstand. Wie spätere mathematische Untersuchungen und Versuche mit grösseren Modellen zweifellos ergeben haben, sind geringe Abweichungen von der Geraden unvermeidlich. Der Motorenkonstrukteur muss folglich mit der festgestellten Bedingung einer Kolbenschwingung in Querrichtung seiner Bewegung leben. Ausserdem treten die bei Kolbenmaschinen üblichen Beschleunigungen im Bereich des Zylinders auf die Werte von 20-30g erreichen können.In the aforementioned publication EP-A-0 303 649 (Salzmann), it was assumed that, thanks to the counterweight according to the invention, which is arranged below the connecting rod, the center of the piston runs on a straight line and the piston thus runs in cylinders without any lateral forces. This view was based on model tests, in which this impression was created despite the stroboscopic lighting. As later mathematical examinations and tests with larger models have undoubtedly shown, slight deviations from the straight line are inevitable. The engine designer must therefore live with the determined condition of a piston oscillation in the transverse direction of its movement. In addition, the accelerations common to piston machines in the area of the cylinder can reach values of 20-30g.

Es ist folglich die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung die eingangs erwähnte Pendelkolbenmaschine konstruktiv so zu verbessern, dass die Seitenkräfte jwischen Kolben und Zylinder möglichst gering bleiben. Dies erfordert seitliche Verschiebungswege der Dichtelemente, die erheblich grösser sind als bei bekannten Kolbenmaschinen, bei denen die Dichtelemente nur im Bereich eines geringen Spiels und des auftretenden Verschleisses verschoben werden müssen.It is therefore the object of the present invention to improve the design of the oscillating piston machine mentioned at the outset in such a way that the lateral forces between the piston and cylinder remain as low as possible. This requires lateral displacement paths of the sealing elements, which are considerably larger than in known piston machines, in which the sealing elements only have to be displaced in the region of little play and the wear that occurs.

Diese Aufgabe löst eine Pendelkolbennaschine mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1. Weitere erfindungsgemässe Vorteile gehen aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor und sind in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert. In den Zeichnungen sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele skizziert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1A-D)
verschiedene Bewegungskurven des Kolbenmittelpunktes in mehrfacher Ueberhöhung der seitlichen Bewegungen;
Fig.2, 3 und 2A
einen kleinen Einzylinder-Fahrrad-Hilfsmotor im Quer- und Längsschnitt mit einer Detaildarstellung der Kolbenführungs- und Dichtungselemente, von unten gesehen;
Fig. 4 und 5
einen grösseren Motor im Quer- und Längs- schnitt, und
Fig. 6 und 7
Kolbenführungs- und Dichtelemente zum Motor nach Figur 4 und 5 im grundriss;
This object is achieved by a reciprocating piston machine with the features of patent claim 1. Further advantages according to the invention result from the dependent claims and are explained in the following description. Two exemplary embodiments are outlined in the drawings. Show it:
1A-D)
different movement curves of the piston center in a multiple increase of the lateral movements;
Fig. 2, 3 and 2A
a small single-cylinder bicycle auxiliary motor in cross and longitudinal section with a detailed view of the piston guide and sealing elements, seen from below;
4 and 5
a larger engine in cross and longitudinal section, and
6 and 7
Piston guide and sealing elements for the engine according to Figures 4 and 5 in plan;

Figur 1A zeigt die Bewegungskurve des Kolbenmittelpunktes 1, wobei die seitliche Verschiebung in mehrfacher Ueberhöhung dargestellt ist. Der obere Totpunkt ist mit 2, der untere Totpunkt mit 3 bezeichnet. Die Zylinderwände 4 sind aus geometrischen Gründen eingewölbt, damit die Distanz zwischen den Stirndichtungen während des Bewegungsablaufes konstant bleibt. Bei günstigen Verhältnissen zwischen Kolbenhut und Plevellänge vergibt sich die langgestreckte achterförmige Kurve, die vom Kolbenmittelpunkt 1 bei Rechtslauf der Kurbenwelle gemäss den Pfeilen durchlaufen wird, wenn die Stirndichtungen sich relativ zum Kolben nicht bewegen. Dem gegenüber zeigt die Figur 1B die Bahnkurve des Kolbenmittelpunktes 1 eines Pendelkolbens, dessen Stirndichtungen relativ zum Kolben frei beweglich sind. Diese Kurve entspricht einer Abstraktion im gravitationsfreien Raum. Die gestreckte Acht gemäss Figur 1B wird bei optimalem Gegengewicht erreicht. Sie wurde mathematisch und experimentell bestimmt, wobei sich gezeigt hat, dass sie im entgegengesetzten Sinne durchlaufen wird als die wesentlich schlankere achterförmige Kurve gemäss Figur 1A. Eine geringe Vergrösserung des Gegengewichts ergibt eine asymmetrische achterförmige Kurve gemäss Figur 1C mit dem Vorteil, dass die Schwingungsamplitude des Kolbenmittelpunktes 1 in seitlicher Richtung in Bereich des oberen Kolbentotpunktes klein ist. Daher müssen die unter hohem Gasdruck stehenden Dichtleisten auf ihrer Unterlage sich nur wenig verschieben. Diese Verschiebungen der Stirndichtungen verhindern übrigens ein Verkoken. Die Kurve entsprechend Figur 1D entsteht, wenn das Gegengewicht vergrössert wird, Bei sukzessiver Verkleinerung des Gegengewichts vom Wert gemäss Figur 1B entstehen die Bahnkurven gemäss den Figuren 1C und D, jedoch auf dem Kopf stehend.FIG. 1A shows the movement curve of the piston center 1, the lateral displacement being shown in multiple cant. The top dead center is denoted by 2, the bottom dead center by 3. The cylinder walls 4 are curved for geometric reasons so that the distance between the face seals remains constant during the course of the movement. In the case of favorable conditions between the piston cap and the length of the plevel, the elongated figure-of-eight curve that passes through the center of the piston 1 when the crankshaft rotates clockwise according to the arrows disappears if the face seals do not move relative to the piston. In contrast, FIG. 1B shows the trajectory of the piston center 1 of a pendulum piston, the end seals of which are freely movable relative to the piston. This curve corresponds to an abstraction in gravity-free space. The stretched figure eight according to FIG. 1B is achieved with an optimal counterweight. It was determined mathematically and experimentally, and it was shown that it is run in the opposite sense as the much slimmer figure-eight curve according to Figure 1A. A slight increase in the counterweight results in an asymmetrical figure-eight curve according to FIG. 1C with the advantage that the oscillation amplitude of the piston center 1 is small in the lateral direction in the area of the upper piston dead center. Therefore, the sealing strips, which are under high gas pressure, only have to shift slightly on their base. Incidentally, these displacements of the face seals prevent coking. The curve according to FIG. 1D arises when the counterweight is increased. When the counterweight is gradually reduced from the value according to FIG. 1B, the trajectory curves according to FIGS. 1C and D arise, but upside down.

Das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse 5 gemäss Figur 2 und 3 hat gewölbte Zylinderwände 4, die an ein innen kreisförmiges Kurbelghäuse 6 anschliessen. Darin läuft der im Querschnitt rechteckige Pendelkolben 7 mit integriertem Pleuelschaft 8 und kreiszylindrischem Pleuelauge 9. Dieses ist am Kurbelzapfen 10 angelenkt und im Durchmesser so gross, dass es als optimales Gegengewicht wirkt. Das ist erstaunlicherweise möglich, weil der der Pleuelschaft 8 hohl ausgebildet und daher leicht ist. Bei einer als geraden Stab gedachten Pendelkolben - Pleuelschaft - Gegengewicht -Einheit 7-9 durchläuft das eine Stabende die Bewegungskurve gemäss Figur 1B, wenn die Länge des Gegengewichts ein Drittel der Stablänge beträgt. Die Einheit 7-9 kann aus zwei Halbteilen gegossen oder geschmiedet sein, die in der Pendelebene 11 oder der Normalebene 12 aneinanderstossen und miteinander verbunden sind.The cylinder crankcase 5 according to FIGS. 2 and 3 has curved cylinder walls 4 which connect to an internally circular crankcase 6. In it runs the pendulum piston 7, which is rectangular in cross section, with an integrated connecting rod shaft 8 and a circular cylindrical connecting rod eye 9. This is articulated on the crank pin 10 and is so large in diameter that it acts as an optimal counterweight. It is astonishing possible because the connecting rod shaft 8 is hollow and therefore light. In the case of a pendulum piston - connecting rod shaft - counterweight unit 7-9, which is intended as a straight rod, one rod end runs through the movement curve according to FIG. 1B if the length of the counterweight is one third of the rod length. The unit 7-9 can be cast or forged from two half parts, which abut one another in the pendulum plane 11 or the normal plane 12 and are connected to one another.

In stirnseitigen Nuten des Pendelkolbens 7 sind die Dichtleisten 14 verschiebbar gelagert und durch Druckfedern 15 direkt miteinander verbunden. Diese Federn 15 sind in Längsbohrungen des Pendelkolbens achsial verschiebbar gelagert und bewirken, dass die Dichtleisten 14 dauernd an den Zylinderwänden 4 anliegen. Kürzere Druckfedern 16 sind in nur etwa bis zur Kolbenmitte reichenden Sacklöchern des Pendelkolbens gelagert und in deren Grund abgestützt und dienen der seitlichen Zentrierung des Kolbens innerhalb der Zylinderwände 4. Ihre optimale Abstimmung bezüglich Federkennung und Vorspannung gewährleistet einen sicheren und möglichst reibungsarmen, schwebenden Lauf des Pendelkolbens, dessen Mittelpunkt bei steigender Drehzahl auf Bewegungskurven zwischen Fig.1A bis angenähert zu Fig. 1B läuft. Zwei oder mehr Schraubenfedern 15 und/oder 16 können koaxial ineinander angeordnet, oder durch andere elastische Mittel ersetzt sein.In the front grooves of the pendulum piston 7, the sealing strips 14 are slidably mounted and directly connected to one another by compression springs 15. These springs 15 are axially displaceably mounted in the longitudinal bores of the pendulum piston and cause the sealing strips 14 to bear continuously against the cylinder walls 4. Shorter compression springs 16 are supported in the blind holes of the pendulum piston, which reach only approximately to the center of the piston, and are supported in the bottom thereof and serve to center the piston laterally within the cylinder walls 4 Spring detection and pre-tensioning ensure that the pendulum piston runs safely and with as little friction as possible, the center of which runs with increasing speed on movement curves between Fig. 1A to approximately Fig. 1B. Two or more coil springs 15 and / or 16 can be arranged coaxially one inside the other, or can be replaced by other elastic means.

Das Gehäuse 5 wird von der Stirnseite her bearbeitet. Nach der Demontage des innen ebenen Stirndeckels 17 sind die nur zwei beweglichen Hauptteile des Motors, nämlich die Einneit 7-9 und die beidseits der Reibrolle 20 gelagerte Kurbelwelle 18 mit Gegengewicht 19, leicht zugänglich.The housing 5 is machined from the front. After disassembly of the inner flat front cover 17, the only two movable main parts of the engine, namely the unit 7-9 and the crankshaft 18 with counterweight 19 mounted on both sides of the friction roller 20, are easily accessible.

Von schrägen Vergaserstutzen 21 her gelangt das Gemisch in das innen kreiszylindrische Kurbelgehäuse 6, in dem die Einheit 7 bis 9 mit geringem, achsialem und radialem Spiel läuft und somit einen volumetrischen Lader bildet, der die Elastizität und Leistungsdichte des im Zweitakt arbeitenden Motors enorm verbessert. Der Pendelkolben 7 steuert die beidseitigen Spül- und Auslassschlitze 23, 24 in perfekter Weise asymmetrisch zu den Kolbentotpunkten, was günstige Verbrauchswerte ergibt. Die Spülung erfolgt um den Kolbenschaft 8 herum, was gerundete Ecken 25 erfordert.From oblique carburetor stubs 21, the mixture reaches the inside circular-cylindrical crankcase 6, in which the unit 7 to 9 runs with little axial and radial play and thus forms a volumetric loader, which enormously improves the elasticity and power density of the two-stroke engine. The pendulum piston 7 controls the flushing and outlet slots 23, 24 on both sides in a perfect manner asymmetrically to the piston dead center, which results in favorable consumption values. The rinsing takes place at around the piston skirt 8, which requires rounded corners 25.

Der Ein- oder Mehrzylindermotor gemäss Fig. 4 und 5 ist in üblicher Bauweise gestaltet mit einteiligem Block 30 und angeflanschtem Zylinderkopf 31 und Kurbelgehäuse- Unterteil 32, doch haben die Zylinder rechteckigen Querschnitt. Ihre vorgegossenen, innen gewölbten Wände 34 und ebenen Wände 35 können beispielsweise durch spezielle Räumwerkzeuge bearbeitet werden, was eine Approximierung der mathematisch genauen Kurvenform durch einen Kreisbogen 34' mit konstantem Radius nahelegt und wegen der relativ weichen , elastischen Kolbenführung möglich ist.4 and 5 is designed in a conventional manner with a one-piece block 30 and flanged-on cylinder head 31 and crankcase lower part 32, but the cylinders have a rectangular cross section. Their pre-cast, internally curved walls 34 and flat walls 35 can be processed, for example, by special broaching tools, which suggests an approximation of the mathematically precise curve shape by means of an arc 34 'with a constant radius and is possible because of the relatively soft, elastic piston guide.

Diese erfolgt gemäss Figur 6 analog zu Figur 2A durch Schraubenfedern 15, die jedoch nicht in Bohrungen, sondern in gefrästen Nuten 36 des Pendelkolbens 37 gelagert sind. Dies verlangt einen demontierbaren Kolbenboden 38, der ein einfaches Auswechseln der Kolbenführungs- und Dichtungselemente von oben her erlaubt. Dabei dient die zentrale Schraube 39 als Mittenanschlag der mit einer Lücke 40 gewickelten Kolbenführungsfeder 41. Durch kammartige Ausbildung der Innenseite der Dichtleisten 42 wird deren Führung verbessert, wobei die im Querschnitt quadratischen Zähne 43 genau in die Nuten 36 passen und die Federn 15 und 41 vor heissen Brenngasen schützen.According to FIG. 6, this is done analogously to FIG. 2A by helical springs 15, which, however, are not stored in bores, but in milled grooves 36 of the pendulum piston 37. This requires a removable piston head 38, which allows easy replacement of the piston guide and sealing elements from above. The central screw 39 serves as the center stop of the wound with a gap 40 Piston guide spring 41. The comb-like design of the inside of the sealing strips 42 improves their guidance, the teeth 43 having a square cross section fitting precisely into the grooves 36 and protecting the springs 15 and 41 from hot fuel gases.

Der Pleuelschaft 60 mit Stütz- und Kühlrippen 61 ist hohlgegossen, die Kernlagerung erfolgt durch die Oeffnung 62, die durch halbkreisförmige Gasschieber 63 abgedeckt werden.The connecting rod shaft 60 with support and cooling ribs 61 is hollow cast, the core is supported by the opening 62, which are covered by semicircular gas slide 63.

Diese Schieber haben oben und unten auf konzentrischen Kreisen um den Kolbenmittelpunkt 1 liegende Ränder 64 und 65 und sind in entsprechende Aussparungen der ebenen Seitenwände lose schwenkbar eingelegt. Dadurch machen sie die Pendelbewegungen des Pleuelschafts 60 nicht mit und decken somit die Spül- und Auslassschlitze 23 und 24 in Figur 2 bis zu den gewölbten Zylinderwänden 4 ab. Somit können diese Schlitze breiter gemacht werden. was den Gaswechsel verbessert.These slides have edges 64 and 65 lying on top and bottom in concentric circles around the piston center 1 and are loosely pivoted into corresponding recesses in the flat side walls. As a result, they do not participate in the pendulum movements of the connecting rod shaft 60 and thus cover the flushing and outlet slots 23 and 24 in FIG. 2 up to the curved cylinder walls 4. Thus, these slots can be made wider. which improves the gas exchange.

Der Pleuelschaft 60 endet in der oberen Hälfte 66 des Pleuelauges, dessen grosser Durchmesser durch massendynamische Forderungen bedingt ist, wie unter Figur 2 und 3 erläutert. Der Pleueldeckel 67 mit Balancierbohrungen 67' wird durch Schrauben 68 befestigt, deren Ansenkungen 69 durch ein Deckband 70 mit Spannschraube 71 unschädlich gemacht sind. Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Abdichtung des Pleuelladers 60, 66, 67, 70 kann das Deckband 70 aussen feine Querrillen 72 mit Labyrinthwirkung aufweisen, besonders wenn es aus Kunststoff statt Stahl besteht. Der grosse Durchmesser des Pleuelauges 66, 67 ergibt einen grossen Innendurchmesser des Kurbelgehäuses, das durch den Deckel 32 abgeschlossen ist.The connecting rod shaft 60 ends in the upper half 66 of the connecting rod eye, the large diameter of which is determined by mass dynamic requirements, as explained under FIGS. 2 and 3. The connecting rod cover 67 with balancing holes 67 ' is fastened by screws 68, the countersinks 69 of which are rendered harmless by a shroud 70 with a tensioning screw 71. To further improve the sealing of the connecting rod loader 60, 66, 67, 70, the shroud 70 can have fine transverse grooves 72 with a labyrinth effect on the outside, especially if it consists of plastic instead of steel. The large diameter of the connecting rod eye 66, 67 results in a large inner diameter of the crankcase, which is closed by the cover 32.

Dies führt zum erwünschten hohen Ladegrad des Pleuelladers und somit zu extremer Leistungsdichte des Motors (berechnete eff. Mitteldrücke bis 18 bar).This leads to the desired high loading level of the connecting rod supercharger and thus to the extreme power density of the engine (calculated effective mean pressures up to 18 bar).

Die Pumparbeit wird ab "oberem" Totpunkt (Fig. 4) bis zum Punkt 73 teilweise zurückgewonnen. Sofern erforderlich, befindet sich die Drosselklappe nicht im Ansaugstutzen 74, sondern in Form von zwei durch eine lange Nabe miteinander verbundenen Umluftklappen 75 direkt hinter den seitlichen Spülkanälen 78. Bei Zylinderabschaltung oder Motorleerlauf 75' wird hahezu die volle Ladeluftmenge zum Ansaug 79 zurückbefördert und verlustarm rezirkuliert. Von den Spülkanälen 78 führen Kanäle 80 möglichst tangential zur Niederdruck-Einspritzdüse 81 (Luftumhüllung des Strahls).The pumping work is partially recovered from "top" dead center (FIG. 4) to point 73. If necessary, the throttle valve is not located in the intake manifold 74, but in the form of two recirculation flaps 75 connected to one another by a long hub, directly behind the side purge channels 78. When the cylinder is switched off or the engine is idling 75 ', the full amount of charge air is conveyed back to the intake 79 and recirculated with little loss . Channels 80 lead from the rinsing channels 78 as tangentially as possible Low pressure injector 81 (air wrap of the jet).

Unter Ausnützung des Unterdruckes des Pleuelladers kann durch an passender Stelle angeordnete Nuten 82 des Pleuelauges und Bohrungen 83 und 84 das Schmieröl bedarfsdosiert (Umluftklappen 75) und pumpenlos angesaugt werden. Minimalster Oelverbrauch (anegstrebt wird ein Promille) ist für Zweitaktmotoren heute oberstes Gebot, was wohl nur mit reibungsarmen Schwebekolben (deren Dichtleisten sogar rotierende Keramiknadeln aufweisen können) möglich ist. Massgebend für Schmierung und Kolbenlauf ist auch die Motorlage im Raum, bei Figur 4 und 2 vorzugsweise nach links geneigt (um ca. 15° bis 150°). Die elastische Motorbefestigung kann an Gewindeaugen 85 des Unterteils 32 erfolgen.Taking advantage of the underpressure of the connecting rod supercharger, the lubricating oil can be metered in as required (recirculation flaps 75) and sucked in without a pump through grooves 82 of the connecting rod eye and bores 83 and 84 arranged at a suitable point. Minimal oil consumption (the aim is to achieve a per mille) is the top priority for two-stroke engines today, which is probably only possible with low-friction floating pistons (whose sealing strips can even have rotating ceramic needles). The engine position in the room is also decisive for the lubrication and piston run, preferably inclined to the left in FIGS. 4 and 2 (by approximately 15 ° to 150 °). The elastic motor attachment can be carried out on threaded eyes 85 of the lower part 32.

Während der Motorblock von Figur 4 und 5 grosse Kühlmittel räume 83 für Wasser oder Oel aufweist, damit die beweglichen Teile optimal laufen, ist der Zylinderkopf 31 zum Beispiel aus Gusseisen oder Keramik, Kermet ohne Flüssigkühlung und daher sehr einfach demontierbar. Angeregt durch Arbeiten von Dr. Merritt vom Coventry Polytechnic enthält er einen durch die Mulde 93 und die Platte 94 gebildeten Brennraum, der wenigstens teilweise zum Beispiel mit hitzefester Stahlwolle 95 gefüllt ist, die teilweise oder ganz mit Edelmetall beschichtet ist. Durch die Pendelbewegung des Kolbens im Bereich des oberen Totpunktes 2 wird dieser Brennraum in idealer Weise im Gleichstrom von der Ladung durchströmt, die sich bei Start und geringer Last an der Zündkerze 96, sonst aber an der Stahlwolle 95 entzündet (Folgezündung mit katalytischer Verbrennung). Dies soll geringste Brennstoffverbräuche ergeben und einen äusseren Katalysator ersparen. Auch der langgestreckte, zylindrische Brennraum von Figur 11 und 12 der WO 88/06675 ist von Interesse, insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer Direkteinspritzung (Diesel, Benzin, Gas oder Vielstoff). Indessen ist auch ein üblicher, halbkugel- und/oder halbzylindrischer Brennraum gemäss Figur 3 möglich.While the engine block of FIGS. 4 and 5 has large coolant spaces 83 for water or oil so that the moving parts run optimally, the cylinder head 31 is made, for example, of cast iron or ceramic, kermet without liquid cooling and is therefore very easy to disassemble. Inspired by the work of Dr. Merritt of the Coventry Polytechnic contains a combustion chamber formed by the trough 93 and the plate 94, which is at least partially filled with heat-resistant steel wool 95, for example or completely coated with precious metal. The pendulum movement of the piston in the area of top dead center 2 ideally flows through this combustion chamber in direct current from the charge, which ignites at start and low load at spark plug 96, but otherwise at steel wool 95 (secondary ignition with catalytic combustion). This should result in the lowest fuel consumption and save an external catalytic converter. The elongated, cylindrical combustion chamber of FIGS. 11 and 12 of WO 88/06675 is also of interest, in particular in connection with direct injection (diesel, gasoline, gas or multi-substance). In the meantime, a conventional, hemispherical and / or semi-cylindrical combustion chamber according to FIG. 3 is also possible.

Aus dem Verbrennungsmotor gemäss Figur 2 und 3 lässt sich ein zweistufiger Hochleistungskompressor ableiten. Hierzu dient ein breiterer, im Grundriss vorzugsweise quadratischer Pendelkolben und viel grössere Ueberströmschlitze 97, sowie nötigenfalls ein stirnseitiger Kanal 98.A two-stage high-performance compressor can be derived from the internal combustion engine according to FIGS. 2 and 3. For this purpose, a wider pendulum piston, preferably square in plan, and much larger overflow slots 97, and, if necessary, an end channel 98 are used.

Claims (12)

  1. Rocking-piston machine with a cylinder crankcase (5) with two opposite curved cylinder walls, whereby a rectangular rocking piston (7) with integrally mounted connecting-rod (8) with the big end beeing designed as a counter-weight is pivoting around a crank pin, said piston comprising one groove each lateral side, each of which locates a movable guide and seal element (14, 42), these elements being interconnected by first elastic biasing means (15), thus providing a low-friction floating movement of the piston, whereby the concurrently moving elements (14, 42) remain in permanently sealing contact with the cylinder walls (4), further second elastic biasing means (16, 41), each being individually supported by the piston, tend to keep the rocking piston laterally centered.
  2. The rocking piston machine of claim 1, the first and second elastic biasing (15,16) means being arranged alongside each other.
  3. The rocking piston machine of claims 1 and 2, the elastic biasing means being helical springs.
  4. The rocking piston machine of claim 1, the guide and seal elements being shaped as supports for rolling needles which roll upon the cylinder walls.
  5. The rocking piston machine of claim 3, wherein the springs acting as first elastic biasing means (15) are axially slideable in through bores, whereas the springs acting as second elastic biasing elements (16) are located in blind holes which are arranged parallel to said through bores.
  6. The rocking piston machine of claim 1, wherein the piston comprises a detachable piston plate (38), slots (36) being arranged underneath this plate, said slots forming housings for the first elastic biasing means (15).
  7. The rocking piston machine of claim 6, wherein the piston plate (38) is attached to the piston body by means of a centrally located screw (39) acting also as a support for the second elastic biasing means (41).
  8. The rocking piston machine of claim 1, wherein the inner walls (4) of cylinder and (6) of crankcase as well as contour (9) of connecting-rod big end have a cylindrical form.
  9. The rocking piston machine of claim 1, in which the centerline of the cylinder is tilted by an angle between 15 and 150 degrees towards the left from vertical in case of a clockwise rotating crankshaft.
  10. Rocking piston machine according to any one of the claims 1-9, the machine being designed as a two-stroke internal combustion engine with an integral connecting-rod supercharger.
  11. The rocking piston engine of claim 10, the air charge being reduced at partial load by recirculation air flaps (75), thereby reducing the load of said supercharger.
  12. Rocking piston machine according to any of the claims 1-9, said machine being designed as a two stage compressor.
EP89909535A 1988-09-07 1989-09-07 Rocking piston machine Expired - Lifetime EP0390882B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3348/88 1988-09-07
CH334888 1988-09-07
PCT/CH1989/000165 WO1990002867A1 (en) 1988-09-07 1989-09-07 Reciprocating piston engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0390882A1 EP0390882A1 (en) 1990-10-10
EP0390882B1 true EP0390882B1 (en) 1996-05-15

Family

ID=4254031

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89909535A Expired - Lifetime EP0390882B1 (en) 1988-09-07 1989-09-07 Rocking piston machine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0390882B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03501044A (en)
AT (1) ATE138154T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4075489A (en)
DE (1) DE58909682D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1990002867A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8206137B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-06-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Cylinder apparatus, compressor and manufacturing method of cylinder apparatus
US20150345372A1 (en) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-03 Manousos Pattakos Asymmetric transfer and intake in two-strokes

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4400132C1 (en) * 1994-01-05 1995-03-09 Daimler Benz Ag Engine compartment rear bulk construction for a motor vehicle with a drive unit arranged at the front
DE59508015D1 (en) * 1994-12-24 2000-04-20 Willy Ernst Salzmann PENDULUM PISTON ENGINE AND PENDULUM PISTON COMPRESSOR
DE102008045580B3 (en) * 2008-01-10 2009-05-07 Manfred Wanzke Connecting-rod piston compressor for use as two stroke diesel engine, has connecting-rod piston closing exhaust ports and opening inlet ports or opening exhaust ports and closing inlet ports or closing exhaust and inlet ports
DE102009005397B4 (en) 2009-01-19 2011-02-17 Manfred Wanzke Piston piston compressor with rotary segment-segment-shaped seal
JP6321700B2 (en) * 2016-02-26 2018-05-09 三菱重工業株式会社 Hydraulic machine and wind power generator

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH629286A5 (en) * 1977-02-24 1982-04-15 Salzmann Willi Ernst Self-aligning-piston machine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1380659A (en) * 1916-04-26 1921-06-07 Layman Pressed Rod Company Inc Link, lever, and the like
DE2161841A1 (en) * 1971-12-13 1973-06-20 Ewald Harr CIRCULAR PISTON INTERNAL ENGINE
JPS6041202B2 (en) * 1976-11-25 1985-09-14 有限会社内木場エンジン研究所 rocking piston engine
DE2915848A1 (en) * 1979-04-19 1980-11-06 Helmut Thurner Piston for compressor and suction pump - is of PTFE with spring-loaded lip maintaining cylinder wall sealing
DE3542071A1 (en) * 1984-12-08 1986-06-12 Volkswagen AG, 3180 Wolfsburg Connecting rod

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH629286A5 (en) * 1977-02-24 1982-04-15 Salzmann Willi Ernst Self-aligning-piston machine

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8206137B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-06-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Cylinder apparatus, compressor and manufacturing method of cylinder apparatus
CN103742392A (en) * 2007-11-30 2014-04-23 株式会社日立制作所 Cylinder apparatus, compressor and manufacturing method of cylinder apparatus
CN101446277B (en) * 2007-11-30 2014-12-10 株式会社日立制作所 Cylinder apparatus, compressor and manufacturing method of cylinder apparatus
CN103742392B (en) * 2007-11-30 2016-05-25 株式会社日立制作所 The manufacture method of cylinder unit, compressor and cylinder unit
US20150345372A1 (en) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-03 Manousos Pattakos Asymmetric transfer and intake in two-strokes
US9695739B2 (en) * 2014-06-03 2017-07-04 Manousos Pattakos Asymmetric transfer and intake in two-strokes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4075489A (en) 1990-04-02
WO1990002867A1 (en) 1990-03-22
JPH03501044A (en) 1991-03-07
EP0390882A1 (en) 1990-10-10
DE58909682D1 (en) 1996-06-20
ATE138154T1 (en) 1996-06-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0303649B1 (en) Rocking-piston machine
DE3245246A1 (en) CAM-ACTUATED PISTON MACHINE
DE4220200C2 (en) Four stroke internal combustion engine
DE69533226T2 (en) TWIN PISTON internal combustion engine
DE3736724A1 (en) INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
EP2032801A1 (en) Rotary piston engine
DE19724225A1 (en) Piston engine operating process
DE19602703A1 (en) Twin=port, two=stroke, high=speed engine
DE112017002489T5 (en) Double crankshaft engine
EP0390882B1 (en) Rocking piston machine
DE102008050277B4 (en) Piston skirt oil retention for an internal combustion engine
DE19844200A1 (en) Variable compression ratio crank drive
DE102004034719B4 (en) High performance single- and two-stroke axial piston Otto diesel and hybrid engine system
DE2849783A1 (en) COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH OPPOSING, GUIDED PISTONS AND CAM DRIVES
DE10026458C2 (en) Low-emission counter-piston two-stroke engine
DE10247196B4 (en) Reciprocating internal combustion engine and piston for it
EP0799365B1 (en) Oscillating piston engine and oscillating piston compressor
DE102007005228B4 (en) Motor with a piston with a rectangular cross section
AT502085B1 (en) HUBKOLBENVERBRENNUNGSKRAFTMASCHINE
DE3322121A1 (en) Two-stroke internal combustion engine
WO2003078805A1 (en) Internal combustion engine comprising rotary valves
DE3590313T1 (en) Method for improving the operation of an internal combustion engine with a short working cycle and an internal combustion engine with improved operation with a short working cycle and a simplified structure
AT501274B1 (en) Internal combustion engine, e.g. for vehicle, has sealing element rotating in operation to interact with spherical sealing surface
DE4324097A1 (en) Four stroke internal combustion engine
CH629286A5 (en) Self-aligning-piston machine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19900405

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SALZMANN, WILLI ERNST

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910813

RAP3 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SALZMANN, WILLI ERNST

RAP3 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SALZMANN, WILLY ERNST

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 138154

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19960615

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 58909682

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19960620

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19960812

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19960907

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19970603

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19970930

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19971110

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19980814

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19980923

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980930

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: SALZMANN WILLY ERNST

Effective date: 19980930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990907

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990930

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19990907

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL