DE2908653A1 - TENSIONS - Google Patents

Description

ARL H. WAGNER 300C Munich 22

GEWOaZMÜHLSRACGE PO Box 246

March 6, 1979 79-Y-3491

TAIYO KOGYO COMPANY LIMITED, Tokyo, Japan

Tension structures

The invention relates to a tension structure, in particular to a tension structure with a curved metal surface made up of a plurality of metal strips, each of which is prestressed and as a Resistance member of the structure is used.

From the reference "Tension Structures and Space Frames" by Y. Yokoo et al., Published in the document of the Architectural Institute of Japan in 1972, it is already known to use a tension structure around a large room, such as a gym, an exhibition pavilion, a performance hall, a Factory to cover or train a cooling tower or large roofs and / or walls.

When building such a large spatial structure, a roof or a wall, it is customary to arrange the plate members over a reinforcement grid or network structure, which consists of tendons such as wire ropes, steel frames, etc. Sometimes a membrane over fco £, the 2sQ £, ls> rahnwn of the above mentioned

909837/0 * 708

Kind of stretched out.

To establish such a stiffening lattice or a network structure, however, is a working method of out of the air and / or a large scaffolding is required, which has disadvantages in terms of safety and efficiency operation from the air and costly in terms of the need for scaffolding. In addition, the additional operation is the application of plates or panels or the spreading a membrane is required after the frame structure has been erected. For almost the same purpose as the above structures a pneumatic membrane structure by Otto Frei in Volume 1 of "Tensile Structures" (Ullstein Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt / Main / Berlin). The erection of such a pneumatic structure makes neither a large one Scaffolding or the additional work of installing panels or the like. Required, with the exception that a Pneumatic pressure must be supplied to compensate for the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of this structure (Structure) to maintain. The materials used in the pneumatic structure are general Tarpaulin, woven synthetic fibers or woven glass fibers, coated with a synthetic resin, and they are used as membranes, this membrane being used to form a the desired ■ shape is stretched, namely by laying down a pneumatic pressure and by maintaining the internal pressure above atmospheric pressure. The woven materials mentioned above are generally combustible or flammable and the glass fibers are at high temperatures easily meltable. Therefore, the commonly used materials for pneumatic membrane structures are disadvantageous in the event of fire and flying sparks. In addition, the properties deteriorate under the influences of nature, such as by exposure to ultraviolet rays, the materials being which consist of or contain high polymers, the so-called

909837/0708 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

th "creeping appearance" are subject, so that they are not suitable are to maintain stable shapes and mechanical properties. Hence the usual pneumatic structures not suitable for permanent or semi-permanent constructions.

The invention has set itself the goal of avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art and an economical one Provide structure, which is suitable for permanent or semi-permanent applications, to completely or partially to protect and / or enclose a relatively large space. The invention also aims to provide a structure which requires essentially no aerial work and / or large scaffolding to assemble. Furthermore, the invention has set itself the goal of producing a structure · .. · of the above-mentioned Ar. to provide such that the outer surface member consists of sheet metal, which is easily stretched at the time of construction of the structure, without further Operations in the installation of panels or panels are required, namely to form a wall or of roof members. Another object of the invention is to provide a structure which achieves the above objects and also can be erected pneumatically.

According to the invention, these goals are achieved by a structure which uses a group of metal sheets or strips as the outer surface members or skins of the structures, these members are tension biased.

The pre-stressed strips, in addition to their usual protective surface members, serve as resistive members around the To maintain rigidity and stability of the structure and to withstand wind, rain, snow and earthquakes. To each of the surface members or strips will experience tension in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the strip, i.e. the direction of rolling of the strip. To put tension on each strip of a group of metal strips

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In general, they are arranged in a group of tendons, coupled to the group of strips over intermediate links. The strips, tendons and pontics are arranged in such a way that they interact with one another in order to maintain the tensioning of the strips, whereby the tendons are also under tensile stress. The strips and tendons are under the above condition caused to form a curved outer skin surface, the curve shape generally opposite to that the group of tendons runs. When the term "opposite" refers to the shape or curvature of the curve is used in the present description and claims, this term refers to the situation in which the center of curvature is arranged opposite to the surface or skin. In some of the inventive Exemplary embodiments, the intermediate links can be omitted. Furthermore, the intermediate links be replaced by pneumatic means, air, if the structure or formation resembles a pneumatic membrane formation is constructed. Furthermore, if the pneumatic membrane system is used, the tension members can through other means, such as earth with an infinite radius of curvature in some cases the outer surface members or skins are made of metal, they also create durability in the various Weather conditions.

As mentioned above, each of the strips is essentially only put under tension. It essentially consists no need to join the adjacent strips together, except for the case where the strips themselves used to seal off pneumatic pressure or when there is a need to prevent rain from entering to prevent the inside. The erection of the structure according to the invention is simply that you train on the Strips (and the tension or tension members) exerts, causing

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the manufacture and erection is carried out very easily and economically _f by saving materials and eliminating several operations, in particular a large scaffolding previously required for the construction of similar structures.

Further advantages, objectives and details of the invention emerge in particular from the claims and from the description of embodiments based on the drawing; in the drawing shows:

1A is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment the invention;

1B and 1C are partial representations of parts, the connecting means form to connect links of the embodiment according to FIG Fig. 1B shows a cross section along line IC-IC;

2A and 2B show a second embodiment of the invention in plan view and side view;

Figures 2C, 2D and 2E are examples of compounds which can be used in practice for the structure according to FIGS. 2A and 2B, FIG. 2C showing a cross section along the line IIC-IIC in Fig. 2A and Figs. 2D and 2E are cross-sections along the lines IID-IID and IIE-IIE in Fig. 2C represent;

3A and 3B a third embodiment with a curved one or curved surface of a saddle shape in plan view or side view;

E'ig. 3C and 3D partial views of connections of a strip

with a frame as an example for use in the third embodiment, FIG. 3C showing a Cross section along the line IIIC-IIIC in FIGS. 3A and 3D, a view along the line IIID-IIID in Figure 3C;

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Fig. 4 is a side view of a fourth embodiment

example of the invention in the form of a tower;

FIGS. 5A and 5B show a fifth embodiment of the invention

in plan or side view, using pneumatic pressure for clamping the stripe;

6 is a side view of a sixth embodiment

example of the invention, where a negative pressure (i.e. a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure) is applied to the enclosed space;

7A is a plan view of a seventh embodiment

example of the invention similar to the fifth embodiment, but here with a rectangular one Top view;

7B is a plan view of a modification of the

seventh embodiment of FIG. 7A;

Figs. 8A and 8B show an eighth embodiment of the invention

with a spherical surface in plan view and side view;

8C is a partial perspective view of mechanical

Means for connecting adjacent strips in the eighth embodiment;

8D and 8E show a modification of the eighth embodiment 8A and 8B in a plan view and side view, respectively;

Figures 8F and 8G are top and side views, respectively, of another

Modification of the eighth embodiment of FIGS. 8A and 8B.

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In Figure 1A, a preferred embodiment is shown in FIG Invention illustrated, this structure being used as a roof 10 which is generally rectangular in shape has »The top surface (top) consists of a group of sheet metal strips 11 that are parallel to each other are arranged. The strips 11 consist, for example, of steel, stainless steel or an aluminum alloy sheet with a desired thickness.

A group of tendons , in this case wires 12, with a curve shape opposite to that of the strips 11, is arranged below the strips 11 and a plurality of intermediate links 13 are located between the two groups 11 and 12. The opposite ends of the strips 11 are each attached to rigid delimiting members 14. Further, the opposite ends of the tension wires 12 are attached to a plurality of posts 15 as shown. With such a structure, when tension is applied to either the strips 11 or the wires (ropes) 12 or both, the strip 11 and the wires 12 are caused to have a mutual effect on each other through the links 13 and an amount is pre-tensioned that the entire structure becomes stable and retains its shape so as to withstand wind pressure or loads exerted by snow or earthquakes. The tension can be applied to the structure of the roof 10, for example, by extending ropes 16 between the members 14 and the earth. Or the strips 11 and tendons can be attached to the members 14 and 15 by suitable connecting pieces (fittings), such as tendons (tension anchors), whereby a tension is applied by adjusting these connecting pieces. In the illustrated embodiment, wires 13 are used as tendons. However, it is possible to make a selection from various materials such as wire rope, iron or steel rods, etc. There is also a wide variety of materials available for the pontics, including metals and non-metallic materials

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are included. The use of pipes can help reduce weight of the structure be appropriate.

As shown, the length of each of the intermediate members is adjusted so that the correct shape of the strips 11 and Tendons 12 is maintained under tension.

The strips 11 can overlap one another along their edges or they can be connected to one another there by mechanical means. It can be any convenient type of connection used for the limbs. For example, the mechanical connecting means according to FIGS. 1B and 1C can be used. In these representations are the corresponding Edges of the strips 11 are provided with upturned flanges, and the flanges are fastened together by means of a cover member 11a and with the intermediate members 13 by fastening means such as bolts and Nuts. Furthermore, each lower end of the intermediate members 13 is also with the corresponding clamping member 12 by a Plate 13a and fasteners such as bolts and nuts, coupled with the tendon 12 being clamped by the member and plate 13a. The in Figs. 1b and 1c The connection structure shown can cause difficulties in the manufacture of the upwardly directed flanges the strip 11 and the cover members 11a such that they correspond to the curved surface of Fig. 1a, wherein an appropriate number of cutouts or corrugations can be provided to eliminate such a problem with a suitable slope along the longitudinal direction. The cover member 11a need not necessarily be made of metal and flexible tapes can also be used for the same purpose as the cover member 11a. In the representations the flanges are bent upwards, but they can also be bent downwards.

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2A and 2B show a top or side view of a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, namely, applied to a roof 20 of circular shape in plan view. The roof 20 has an upper surface (top) 21 and a lower tension grid 22 with a circular rigid ring 24 by any suitable means attached so that they are under tensile stress to one another via a plurality of intermediate members 23.

The upper surface 21 is provided in this embodiment such that a first group of strip 21a and a second group of strips 21b are provided _for said strips, but extend in parallel to each group substantially perpendicular to the strips in the other group. The tension grid 22 further includes two sets of wires 22a and 22b, the wires 22a being parallel to the strips 21a and the wires 22b being parallel to the strips 21b, whereby the wires 22a are substantially perpendicular to the wires 22b. The strips 21a, 21b and the wires 22a, 22b can be attached to the annulus 24 by any suitable means will.

In the Pig »2C ₁ . 2D and 2E show several partial views of exemplary embodiments for connecting the links of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 2A and 2B. The intermediate member 23 is shown as a tubular member with stub bolts and nuts at opposite ends for coupling to mounting plates 23a and 23b, respectively. The plate 23a is attached to the strip 21b by means of the stub bolts and nuts 23c, which stub bolts can extend through the strip 21b with their heads smoothed so as _{to facilitate the stretching of the strip 21a f} which overlies the strip 21b . The plate 23a can also be attached to the underside of the strip 21b by a suitable adhesive.

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While in Pig. 2C, the strips 21a are shown arranged side by side, they can also be along their edges be provided overlapped. The lower plates 23b are connected to the crossing wires by means of U-bolts 23d, 23e and Nuts coupled as shown. Through the connection structure shown in Fig. 2C, tension can be applied to the Top 21 and the grid 22 are applied by adjusting the length of the opposite end bolts and Nuts of the intermediate member 23. The roof 21 is supported by, for example, a plurality of columns or posts 25 along the Worn on a ring as shown in Figure 2B.

Although the embodiment according to FIGS. 2A-2E as a roof surface 21 has two groups of strips 21a and 21b, it can also consist of a single group of strips be constructed. However, preferably the two-ply strip construction illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2E is then used, if the bounding box is symmetrical with respect to the is two orthogonal axes of the frame.

3A-3D is a third embodiment of the invention shown. A roof 30 of this embodiment has a saddle shape and has a bounding frame 34 as well as a group of strips 31 and a group of strips 32, the strips 31 being substantially transverse to the Stripes 32 run. In this embodiment the intermediate links and the strips 31 and 32 are omitted cause the tension directly on each other.

For the installation of the strips 31, 32, it is preferable to first arrange the group of strips 31 so that each end the strip 31 is attached to the frame 34 in a manner approximating the final saddle shape of the roof 30. Then will the group of strips 32 fixed in the frame 34 such that the strips stretched over the group of strips 31 voltage is applied to these themselves and also to the strips 31. When the strips 31 and the strips 32

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are sufficiently tensioned, the structure of the roof 3O becomes stable. The roof 30 is supported by a plurality of pillars or posts 35 in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 3B. In the construction according to the third embodiment become those in the first and second embodiments Eliminates required intermediate links to maintain tension transferring to each other between the upper limbs and the lower limbs.

One of the examples of connecting and stretching the end of the strip 32 to the frame 34 is shown in Figs 3D illustrated. The end of the strip 32 is clamped between and through a pair of plates 32a an appropriate number of bolts and nuts attached. In the middle of the plates 32a is another pair of plates 32b provided so that an end rod 32c on the opposite End is attached. The end rod 32c extends through the frame 34 and is arranged so that it is pulled out of the rod 32c by rotating a nut 32d.

In FIG. 4, as a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention, a tower 40 is shown / the surface of which is hyperbolic. In this tower 40, the intermediate links are also eliminated and a group of strips 41 is prestressed. The opposite ends of the strips are attached to an upper frame 44a and a lower frame 44b, respectively. One A plurality of concentric rings 42 are arranged on the outside of the strips 41 such that the rings are in planes are each perpendicular to the vertical axis of the tower 40. The corresponding diameters of the rings 42 are of course different, to match the hyperbolic surface and they will be in the appropriate positions by appropriate Retaining elements held, such as by fittings, on the surface of the strips so that the rings do not follow are shifted up or down as a result of the voltage applied to the strips 41. There are different possibilities,

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To apply tension to the strips 41 and also to the rings 42. For example, when the upper and lower frames 44a, 44b initially positioned as in Fig. 4 by a post 45 to maintain their relationship, so the strips 41 can be easily attached to opposite ends of frames 44a and 44b, leaving each strip slack. Thereafter, the rings are properly tightened at the respective heights, for example using of tensioning anchors, and this is done until the tensile stress is the right size in each of the strips which also affects the tension on each of the rings 42. Alternatively, the frame 44 first in a lower Position and the strips 41 and the rings are all installed in this position. After then the upper frame 44a is raised to a predetermined height, the strips 41 and the rings are tensioned. In the construction In the fourth embodiment, the intermediate members are not used to apply tension to the strips and to exercise the tendons, in this case the rings.

In the previous examples, reference is made to the group of the members forming the curved surface and the group the tendons mechanically exerted tension in such a way that both groups have an effect on one another via intermediate members or have direct contact between them.

In the following exemplary embodiments, the means for transmitting voltage from one group to the other group and vice versa, a fluid is used.

In FIGS. 5A and 5B, a fifth exemplary embodiment according to the invention is shown as a roof 50. The construction of the roof 50 is similar to the structure of the roof 20 of the second embodiment. The top 51 has two Groups of strips 51a and 51b arranged for attachment to a bounding frame 54 in a similar manner are, as in the case of the upper side 21 of the second exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A. The bottom 52 is in the same way

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constructed like the top side 51 and has two groups of strips 52a and 52b. A section through the roof 50 is shown in FIG. 5B. As FIG. 5B shows, an airtight envelope 56 , preferably made of a synthetic material, is provided, and when pneumatic pressure is applied from a pneumatic pressure source 57, such as a blower or a compressor, to a space 53 between the surfaces 51 and 52 is applied, the space 53 within the envelope 56, ie in this case the envelope 56, is inflated until it essentially uniformly presses the surfaces 51 and 52 outward into their final shapes and tension is applied to the strips 51a, 51b and 52a, 52b is applied, whereby the roof 50 is stable by the prestressed strips. The envelope 56 can be eliminated if suitable sealing means are provided between the frame and the strips, and also between the adjacent strips, so that the seal does not interfere with the movement of the strips in the space 53 when the pneumatic pressure is applied. These sealing means can be resilient packings arranged between each of the strips and between the frame and the strips. Alternatively, if the internal pressure is maintained by a constant supply of compressed air from the source, the envelope 56 or sealing means may be omitted depending on the state of overlap of the strips and the connection to the frame.

As shown in Fig. 5A, strips 51a and 51b are parallel each arranged in the same group, but the direction of each group being transverse to the direction of the other. The same thing applies to the groups of strips 52a and 52b. It is clear, however, that there is no need to change the direction of the Groups between surfaces 51 and 52 for the pneumatic design of the FIg. 5A and 5B to consider although the groups the top and bottom are shown parallel and orthogonally in Fig. 5a. The structure according to the fifth embodiment

909837 / 070S

example can be a pneumatic metal diaphragm type are designated.

6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention in the form of a roof 60 of the pneumati see metal membrane type shown. A top 61 and a bottom 62 are of almost the same construction as surfaces 51 and 52, respectively. For example the top 61 consists of two groups of strips 61a and 61b arranged orthogonally with respect to one another, and the underside 62 has two groups of strips 62a and 62b, which are also arranged orthogonally to one another. However the attachment is done to a frame 6 4 with a certain height, as shown in FIG. In this embodiment the parts between the adjacent strips and those connecting the strips to the frame are sealed Parts are also sealed so as to make an inner space 63 of the roof 60 airtight. If the interior with a Vacuum source is connected, i.e. when the internal pressure is lowered below atmospheric pressure, so the strips tensioned the top and bottom, whereby the shape and rigidity of the roof 60 is stabilized. If the negative Pressure of the internal space 63 is maintained constant by the use of a vacuum pump, so the above-mentioned Sealing can be partially or completely eliminated. In this case, negative pressure fluid is also used within the space 63 as an intermediate medium to the force between the group of upper strips and the group of lower Transfer strips.

A seventh embodiment of the invention is shown in the form of a roof 70 having a rectangular shape in FIG. 7A. In this embodiment, a group of strips 71 forms the top and a group of strips 72 forms the top Bottom, namely the arrangement takes place parallel to the shorter edge of the rectangular shape. If the frame is square, so the top strips and bottom strips can be arranged orthogonally with respect to one another. Furthermore, in such a Case the top as a double layer similar to Fig. 2A

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or FIG. 5A. Fig. 7B shows a modification of the roof 10, denoted by the reference numeral 70 ', with the four corners cut off. This truncation facilitates the use of a dc _£ jpellagigen top at the upper and lower parts. The same reference number is given to those parts which are similar to Fig. 7a, with the exception that a prime has been added and the double-layered strips have been given the additional reference number "a" and "b", similar to Fig. "5A-shown. In the case of the roof 70 ', the direction of the stripes can run orthogonally, as shown. 73 and 73 * denote spaces"

In Figs. 5A and 8B, an eighth embodiment is shown in FIG Invention shown in plan view and side view. This exemplary embodiment belongs to the pneumatic metal diaphragm type, constructed as part of a spherical shape.

In this spherical structure 80, each of the stripes is at opposite ends with a circular earth limb 84a or an upper disk member 84b connected such that a group of strips 81 radially, as shown in Fig. 8A, is arranged. Before the internal pressure is applied, the structure can be in an almost flat state on the earth as a result of the Thinness of the strips 81 are. While the structure is in such a state, it is preferably an airtight one Membrane 86 arranged below the structure 80, the membrane being suitable to follow the shape of the erected structure 80 adapt. With the above arrangement, each of the Strip 81 is biased substantially in the longitudinal direction in order to stabilize the structure when the membrane 86 gradually is inflated by the application of pneumatic pressure from a source 87 such as a blower or a Compressor. The longitudinal edges of the strips 81 can be mechanically connected to the edges of the adjacent edges. Such mechanical means are shown in Figure 8C. The opposite lying edges of the strips 81 are each provided with upright flanges 81a, with adjacent flanges

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81a can be brought together and a preformed Holmoder over it Fastening member 85 is arranged to sandwich the two flanges 81a therein by means of bolts or rivets to fix.

Since the surface of the finished structure 80 has a curvature similar to part of a sphere, the fastening member can cutouts 85a or notches 85b with a suitable Have spacing along the longitudinal direction so that the fastening member easily follows the finished shape of the structure is equivalent to. The fastening members 85 can be placed on the structure after the internal pressure is applied. the However, fasteners can also be installed when the structure is in an almost too flat condition, preferably is located around the central surface before applying the pneumatic pressure, since the pre-installation the Avoids the need for large scaffolding. The installation is carried out in the area that is easily accessible from the ground of fasteners 85 is preferably effected after the structure is pressurized and stabilized. That Fastening element 85 can be made to a suitable length and is brought to a desired length by that one connects two or more such elements in the longitudinal direction. The connection between the disc 84b and the strip 81 can be made similar to FIG. 8C, "viz by providing upright flanges for the two parts.

At the time of the installation of the mechanical connecting means, as shown for example in FIG. 8C, sealing material can be used to the mating surfaces of the flanges 81a and / or between the flanges 81a and fastener be applied. The fastening element 85 can be replaced by a flexible band. If this sealing material is applied, the membrane 86 can be removed after the erection is complete.

The structure 80 is expediently equipped with a gate 88, in which a movable lock is preferably arranged

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is to maintain the internal pressure during the and exit is permitted. An example of such a barrier is a revolving door 89 or at least two in series Doors in the passage through the gate to alternatively open and close the gate 88.

The earth frame can consist of reinforced concrete, with suitable fastening elements or fittings being provided, to connect to the ends of strips 81.

In the foregoing discussion, the membrane 86 was used as a means of inflating the structure into its final shape and form explained about the tension of the strips, although the membrane can be removed. However, the membrane is not essential required. For example, when the sealants are applied to the parts of the structure, such as along adjacent longitudinal edges of the strips and the parts connected to the disc 84b and the earth frame 84a, so the membrane can be unnecessary. This sealing can be achieved by applying deformable sealing material, such as rubber, plastic material or the like, at the corresponding connection points of the in Relevant limbs.

The above-mentioned seal can preferably be partially or entirely omitted if the capacity of the Sufficient pressure source to maintain the internal pressure. This can also enable the elimination of a ventilation system, which in the case of a perfect seal and the use of the interior by people is required.

The radially attached strips 81 can also overlap one another along the longitudinal edges. The shape is with the one explained Form part of a sphere. However, the shape is not limited to a geometric sphere, but also includes structures with a curved surface that is somewhat similar to the spherical surface ο

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In the formation 80, the surface of the earth serves as a term equivalent to a tension link or tension links, explained with reference to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 5A, VA and 7B.

The shape of the structure 80 explained with reference to FIGS. 8A and 8B will be briefly explained as part of a sphere or a similar shape. In the structure 80, the bias applied to each strip is essentially the tension longitudinal. However, if it is desired to apply tension or tension absolutely only in the longitudinal direction, the Curve with such a surface obtained by arranging the flatness ratio set ·: (λ) of the curved surface to a minimum. That is, the state that the curved rotating surface (which is free from wrinkles) in the pneumatic Membrane structure is sufficient, is expressed by:

rn / 2

_ Jo ^r i = JH !

n / 2

^r i ^sin Φ ^d Φ

> min.

0 / ^z r ₁ cos φ d φ where

r-j is the first primary radius of curvature of the curvilinear

Surface and
φ an angle between the axis of rotation and the vertical

to the surface.

The inventor proved that there is only one "X" which satisfies the above condition and which is expressed as follows:

X = _{= Of5991 /}

4 Γ (5/4)

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where / is a / "" function.

(Bulletin of International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, No. 63, 1977)

The surface that satisfies the above condition is not available in an analytically explicit form, but is in given numerical values »

8D and 8E, a spherical structure 80 * is shown as a modification of the spherical structure 80 *, the reference characters for similar members are provided with a prime. Since the functions of the members are the same as those of the members without a stroke for the structure 8O _7, the further explanation, except for the Erdrahmenglieds', 84a omitted. In this case the frame member can be a wire, rope, metal rod, metal pipe, sheet metal, etc. and this member is anchored in the earth where it contacts it. Therefore, the complete circular reinforced concrete can be replaced with anchors arranged at a suitable interval. With this construction, some shell members sealing the interior space may be required »

A gate can be constructed in a manner similar to that shown in FIGS. 8a and 8B. be provided.

8F and 8G, a structure 80 "is shown which has spherical portions and a cylinder portion. The system for building the structure and for applying the internal pressure is essentially the same as for structure 80 or 80 ', with the exception that that is, an earth frame 84a "is provided which is oval in shape with a pair of parallel side portions in the center and a semicircular portion at opposite ends, and finally the strips have a different shape in the center and at the ends. Further detailed description may be omitted, but the reference numerals in approximation to FIGS. 8A _# 8B, 8D, 8E have been given the same reference numerals xa with two prime marks, although the strips 81 "have different shapes at opposite ends and the central parts

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exhibit.

As explained above, the invention provides several structures, the metal sheets use as their main links, in the form of strips, essentially so used be as they were made or require little machining or shaping so that the construction costs can be reduced considerably and, in addition, no large scaffolding is required. The metal strips can connected or not connected to each other. If they are connected, other than those described here can also be used Means are used, for example, the connection can be made by welding, riveting, etc.

In the practical application of the metal strips, the material, width and thickness are determined depending on the application conditions, the climate of the place where the structure is erected, the size of the structure and the economic availability the strip on the market. For example, the thickness can be in the range from less than 1.0 mm to 10 mm. If with the spherical structure 8A the diameter is approximately 10 m, the thickness of the strips would be 0.3 mm and up to 10 mm increase when the diameter reaches 200 m. These dimensions are given as examples only.

The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown. For example, an insulation layer can be applied to the inner top side of the metal strips in order to to create a temperature insulation between the outside and the inside of the structure. Such an isolation layer can then applied when the strips are flat or after erection is over.

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According to the invention, a tension structure is thus provided which has a curved surface and comprises a group of metal strips to form the curved surface, and wherein furthermore each of the strips is pretensioned under a tension _f to stabilize the structure. The tensile stress is generated in the strip through a set of tensioning or tension members, one in the whole curvature opposite to that having the strips, the strips and the tension members are arranged such that the tensile stress is caused indirectly to each other via an intermediate agent _R such as a group of intermediate elements are arranged between the ι _s, or by air, which serves as an intermediate means or the voltage is directly caused. In some cases the earth's surface is considered to have an infinite radius and is used as an equivalent to the tension or tension members. The structure is erected by applying tensile stress and the usual scaffolding can be left out »

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Claims (15)

Tension structures, characterized by boundary frames (e.g. = 14) ^ a multiplicity of metal strips ea (e.g. 3. 11 j _v attached to the frame means in a predetermined vJeise _ff and means (e.g. 12) for applying spermurgus to each of the metal strips essentially in Longitudinal direction ci & si ?. to form a stabilized curved surface through the strips » 2 ο structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for releasing the voltage are formed by a group of S, 3annjl? Ders _f which have a curvature opposite to that of the curved surface, and that the metal strips iiüü Sp zTirtiings members are arranged in such a way are that the tension is exercised on each other in order to keep the corresponding curvatures. 3. Structure according to claim 1 or 2 _S characterized by a variety of gate 2? / Ischengiedern (Z = B. 13), arranged zv; ischsn äem partial strips and the tension members as a medium for the effect of the tension exerted on each other, 4c structure according to claim 2 _s characterized in that the tension members are another group of metal strips and that pneumatic pressure is applied to the space between the two groups to apply tension to each of the strips 5 = structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the sealant is applied between adjacent strips in the same group and those of the strips with the frame connecting parts. ORIGINAL INSPECTED 6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the applied pneumatic pressure is a positive pressure (i.e. higher than atmospheric pressure). 7. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the pneumatic pressure is a negative pressure (i.e. a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure) by coupling the space to a vacuum source. 8. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strips are arranged are used to form a curved surface by arranging the strips in two layers, the strips in each layer parallel but orthogonal to the strips in the other layer. 9. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, in particular claim 1, characterized in that that the sealant is applied to the parts between adjacent strips and between the strips and the frame with the frame on the ground and the strips being formed to be curved Possess surface when pneumatic pressure is applied to the space between the strips and the surface of the earth. 10. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, in particular claim 9, characterized in that that the seal is partially or entirely omitted, provided that the desired pneumatic pressure through continuous supply of air is maintained. 11. Structure according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in particular claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined arrangement of the strips is selected in this way is that the strips are attached to the frame parallel to each other. §09837 / 0708 ! (λ 12. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, in particular claim 1, characterized in that that a center disk made of sheet metal is provided, the strips being radially between the center disk and the frame, which is arranged in a circle on the earth, run, and vjobei the combination of central disc and strip one Forms spherical shape when pneumatic pressure is applied to the space between the combination mentioned and the surface of the earth. 13. Structure according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in particular claim 1, characterized in that that the frame 2 has two parallel side parts with circular curves at opposite ends of the side parts are designed to form a closed shape, and wherein the strips are radially arranged strips on opposite sides Ends and strips arranged in parallel, the strips also having a complex curved Have surfaces of cylindrical shape on parallel side portions and spherical shapes on opposite sides Ends when pneumatic pressure is applied to the space between the strips and the surface of the earth. 14. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12 or 13, characterized in that that a flexible membrane or envelope is arranged within the structure, the shape and size of the membrane or enclosure is selected such that when pneumatic pressure is applied, the membrane or enclosure is inflated to encircle inside the metal strips which are shaped into the aforementioned curvilinear shape to own. S0IS37 / I7ÖS 15. Structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the flexible membrane or envelope is removable after the strips are tensioned when the seal is applied to the parts is applied, which connect the relevant links. 909837/0708