DE2851105A1 - Osmotic sea-water desalination kit for drinking water prepn. - contains vessel, e.g. bag, with semi-permeable wall enclosing conc. nutritive soln. - Google Patents
Osmotic sea-water desalination kit for drinking water prepn. - contains vessel, e.g. bag, with semi-permeable wall enclosing conc. nutritive soln.Info
- Publication number
- DE2851105A1 DE2851105A1 DE19782851105 DE2851105A DE2851105A1 DE 2851105 A1 DE2851105 A1 DE 2851105A1 DE 19782851105 DE19782851105 DE 19782851105 DE 2851105 A DE2851105 A DE 2851105A DE 2851105 A1 DE2851105 A1 DE 2851105A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- sea
- bag
- nutrient solution
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035922 thirst Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/002—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using small portable filters for producing potable water, e.g. personal travel or emergency equipment, survival kits, combat gear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/445—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by forward osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Osmotisches Meerwasserentsalzungsgerät für SeenotfälleOsmotic seawater desalination device for emergencies at sea
Aufgrund diverser Vorschriften müssen heute in nahezu allen Ländern Schiffe und Flugzeuge Vorrichtungen für den Seenotfall mitführen.Due to various regulations, in almost all countries today Ships and aircraft carry equipment for emergencies at sea.
Diese Vorrichtungen bestehen in der Regel aus aufblasbaren Rettungsinseln mit einer Üb erl eb ensausrustung. Diese Üb erleb ensausrüstungen beinhalten jedoch kein Gerät das längerfristig und sicher trinkbare Flüssigkeit liefert.These devices usually consist of inflatable life rafts with a transfer kit. However, these survival kits include no device that delivers long-term and safe drinkable liquid.
So werden zu diesem Punkt bislang z.B. angeboten : Regenwasserauffangeinrichtungen (sinnlos wenn es nicht regnet und wenn keine Tanks vorhanden sind um Regenwasser zu speichern), sonnenbetriebene Destillationseinrichtungen (sperrige Glaskonstruktionen oder anfällige aufblasbare Konstruktionen, nur sinnvoll bei viel Sonne und ruhiger See), Chemikalien zum Ausfällen des Salzes (verbrauchen sich in wenigen Tagen, nur die oberste Schicht des Wassers kann getrunken werden, hohes Gefäß und ruhige See notwendig), Ionenaustauscher (teuer, schwer, müssen bald regeneriert werden). In Kenntnis der Nachteile dieser Geräte geben viele Hersteller von Rettungsinseln der Überlebensausrüstung neuerdings wieder gleich Trinkwasser bei, das natürlich bald verbraucht ist.So far, for example, the following have been offered on this point: Rainwater collection facilities (pointless if it is not raining and if there are no tanks for rainwater to save), sun-powered distillation devices (bulky glass constructions or vulnerable inflatable constructions, only useful when there is a lot of sun and quieter Lake), chemicals to precipitate the salt (use up in a few days, only the top layer of water can be drunk, tall vessel and calm seas necessary), ion exchangers (expensive, heavy, need to be regenerated soon). In Many manufacturers of life rafts give the knowledge of the disadvantages of these devices Survival equipment recently returned to drinking water, of course soon is used up.
Gegenstand dieser Anmeldung ist ein kompaktes, billiges, eiCaches, robustes und längere Zeit ohne schweißtreibende Arbeit zu betreibendes Gerät zum Trinkbarmachen von Meerrasser.The subject of this application is a compact, cheap, eiCaches, robust device that can be operated for a long time without strenuous work Making sea rater drinkable.
Das Gerät basiert auf Osmose, deho auf der Erscheinung, daß eine konzentrierte Lösung einer weniger konzentrierten Lösung, von der sie durch eine sogenannte semipermeable Membrane getrennt wird, solange Lösungsmittel (Wasser) entzieht, bis auf beiden Seiten der Membrane die gleiche Konzentration herrscht. Wird also ein Gefäß mit semipermeablen Wänden mit Meerwasser in Berührung gebracht, so kann eine im Gefäß befindliche starke Lösung eines Nahrungsmittels durch die Wände reines Wasser anziehen, und es entsteht ein nahrhaftes Getränk. So können z.B. 150 g C6H1206 (Traubenzucker) oder 45 g C2E50H (Alkohol) 1 1 Wasser durch die Gefäßwände "saugen" (Bei normaler Salzkonzentration von 3,5ffi). Bei Versuchen hat sich eine Mischung aus Alkohol, Traubenzucker und Ascorbinsaure als besonders geeignet erwiesen. 60 g dieses Konzentrats erzeugen 1 1 eines Getränkes das ca 300 Kalorien Nährwert hat und wegen des hohen Vitamin C Gehaltes die Widerstandskraft erhöht, wobei sich der starke Zitronengeschmack sehr durststillend auswirkt und deshalb den Verbrauch an Getränk niedrig hält. Deshalb kann auch der Alkoholgehalt von ca 4 % als unbedenklich gelten; im übrigen trägt er zur Keimfreiheit bei. Dem Konzentrat können gegebenenfalles noch besondere Wirkstoffe Osmotisches Meerwasserentsalzungsgerät für Seenotfälle wie z.B. Coffein zugesetzt werden.The device is based on osmosis, i.e. on the appearance that one is concentrated Solution of a less concentrated solution, of which it is called a semipermeable Membrane is separated as long as solvent (water) is removed, except for both The same concentration prevails on the sides of the membrane. So becomes a vessel with semipermeable walls brought into contact with sea water, so can one in the vessel the strong solution of a foodstuff is attracted through the walls of pure water, and a nutritious drink is created. For example, 150 g of C6H1206 (grape sugar) or 45 g C2E50H (alcohol) 1 1 "suck" water through the walls of the vessel (with normal Salt concentration of 3.5ffi). A mixture of alcohol, Glucose and ascorbic acid proved to be particularly suitable. 60 g of this concentrate produce 1 1 of a drink that has about 300 calories and because of the high nutritional value Vitamin C content increases the resistance, with the strong lemon taste has a very thirst-quenching effect and therefore keeps drink consumption low. That's why the alcohol content of approx. 4% can also be considered harmless; otherwise carries he contributes to sterility. If necessary, special active ingredients can be added to the concentrate Osmotic Seawater desalination device for sea emergencies such as caffeine can be added.
Das Gerät besteht also aus einem Gefäß mit semipermeablen Wänden und dem konzentrierten Nahrungsmittel, welches zweckmäßigerweise von vornherein in Portionspackungen eingeteilt wird, z.B. indem es in kleine Folienbeutel eingeschweißt wird. Diese können bei Nichtbenutzung im Gefäß aufbewahrt werden, wodurch das Packmaß gering gehalten wird.The device thus consists of a vessel with semi-permeable walls and the concentrated food, which is expediently in portion packs from the start is divided, e.g. by being shrink-wrapped in small plastic bags. These can be stored in the jar when not in use, which means that the pack size is small is held.
Semipermeable Membranen werden zumeist als Folie hergestellt. Deshalb bietet es sich an, diese Folie zu einem geschlossenen Beutel zu verschweißen (bzw. zu verkleben) der mit der notwendigen Menge des konzentrierten Nahrungsmittels gefüllt ist. Diese Ausführung als Einwegbeutel ist sozusagen idiotensicher, da der Beutel im Notfall lediglich, so wie er ist, für einige Stunden ins Meer gehängt werden muß und dann der Inhalt getrunken werden kann. Abgesehen vom geringen Gewicht der Folie kommt das gesamte Gewicht des Beutels dem Verunglückten als Nahrungsmittel zugute. Es müssen also nicht, wie bei anderen Geräten einige kg unnütz in der Rettungsinsel untergebracht werden. 1 kg solcher Beutel würden 15 - 20 1 Getränk mit 5000 - 6000 Kalorien liefern. Da semipermeable Membranen teuer sind, kann der Beutel auch nur zum Teil aus semipermeabler Folie und zum Rest aus normaler Folie hergestellt werden.Semipermeable membranes are mostly produced as a film. That's why it is advisable to weld this film to form a closed bag (or to glue) which is filled with the necessary amount of the concentrated food is. This design as a disposable bag is, so to speak, foolproof, because the bag in an emergency it can only be hung in the sea as it is for a few hours must and then the contents can be drunk. Apart from the low weight of the Foil, the entire weight of the bag goes to the victim as food benefit. So there is no need to put a few kilograms in the life raft, as is the case with other devices be accommodated. 1 kg of such a bag would be 15 - 20 1 drink with 5000 - 6000 Deliver calories. Since semi-permeable membranes are expensive, the bag can only partly made of semi-permeable film and the rest of normal film.
Der osmotische Vorgang kann bekanntlich unter Druckeinwirkung umgekehrt werden (Umkehrosmose bzw. Druckosmose). Wird also ein druckstabiles Gefäß mit semipermeablen Wänden an einer Schnur ca 240 m tief im Meer versenkt, so kann es teilweise mit entsalzenen Wasser gefüllt nach einiger Zeit emporgezogen werden. Zum Druckausgleich muß das Gefäß mit einem Ventil versehen sein das höheren Innendruck herausläßt. Diese Methode der Trinkwassergewinnung ist zwar sehr mühsam, aber besser als zu verdursten. Deshalb schlage ich vor das oben geschilderte Gefäß zur Durchführung einer Osmose derart aus zum legen, daß es nach dem Verbrauch des konzentrierten Nahrungsmittels notfalls auf diese Art weiterbenutzt werden kann. Mit Beuteln ist dieses Verfahren allerdings nicht durchzuführen.As is known, the osmotic process can be reversed under the action of pressure (reverse osmosis or pressure osmosis). So it becomes a pressure-stable vessel with semipermeable Walls sunk on a string approx. 240 m deep in the sea, so it can partially with desalinated water filled to be drawn up after a while. For pressure equalization the vessel must be provided with a valve that lets out higher internal pressure. This method of obtaining drinking water is very tedious, but better than too to die of thirst. That is why I propose the container described above for implementation an osmosis in such a way that it is concentrated after the consumption of the Food can continue to be used in this way if necessary. With bags is however, do not carry out this procedure.
Es ist auch möglich Seewasser mit Pumpen gegen eine semipermeable Membran zu drücken und dadurch hinter der Membrane Trinkwasser zu erhalten. Für Seenotfälle ist ein solches Gerät jedoch kaum geeignet, da es teuer, schwer und wegen der Pumpe anfällig ist. Außerdem ist der nötige Energieaufwand hoch, da sich vor der Membrane die Salzkonzentration zwangsläufig erhöht und deshalb ein immer höherer Druck notwendig wird.It is also possible to use seawater with pumps against a semipermeable To press the membrane and thereby get drinking water behind the membrane. For Such a device is hardly suitable for emergencies at sea because it is expensive, heavy and is vulnerable because of the pump. In addition, the necessary energy expenditure is high because in front of the membrane the salt concentration inevitably increases and therefore always higher pressure is necessary.
Osmotisches Meerwasserentsalzungsgerät für Seenotfälle Ein solches Gerät für sehr geringe, aber für den kurzfristigen Überlebensfall ausreichende Leistung kann allerdings gebaut werden wenn keine normale Pumpe benutzt wird, sondern ein kleiner Vorratstank für Seewasser einfach durch langsames Hineinschrauben von z.B.Osmotic seawater desalination device for emergencies at sea Device for very low but sufficient power for short-term survival However, it can be built if a normal pump is not used, but a small storage tank for sea water simply by slowly screwing in e.g.
einer dicken Schraube (mit Hebel versehen) im Volumen verkleinert wird. Dadurch erhöht sich der Druck des Seewassers auf die Membrane entsprechend.a thick screw (provided with a lever) reduced in volume will. This increases the pressure of the seawater on the membrane accordingly.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782851105 DE2851105A1 (en) | 1978-11-25 | 1978-11-25 | Osmotic sea-water desalination kit for drinking water prepn. - contains vessel, e.g. bag, with semi-permeable wall enclosing conc. nutritive soln. |
| DE7979104573T DE2964379D1 (en) | 1978-11-25 | 1979-11-19 | Apparatus for producing a potable liquid from sea-water, polluted water and the like by osmosis |
| EP79104573A EP0011798B1 (en) | 1978-11-25 | 1979-11-19 | Apparatus for producing a potable liquid from sea-water, polluted water and the like by osmosis |
| AT79104573T ATE2062T1 (en) | 1978-11-25 | 1979-11-19 | DEVICE FOR OBTAINING DRINKING LIQUID FROM SEA WATER, CONTAMINATED WATER OR THE LIKE. BY OSMOSIS. |
| JP15134679A JPS55149682A (en) | 1978-11-25 | 1979-11-24 | Device for recovering drinking water from seaawater* impure water* etc* by osmosis action |
| US07/057,719 US4879030A (en) | 1978-11-25 | 1987-06-01 | Apparatus for transforming sea water, brackish water, polluted water or the like into a nutrious drink by means of osmosis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782851105 DE2851105A1 (en) | 1978-11-25 | 1978-11-25 | Osmotic sea-water desalination kit for drinking water prepn. - contains vessel, e.g. bag, with semi-permeable wall enclosing conc. nutritive soln. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2851105A1 true DE2851105A1 (en) | 1980-05-29 |
Family
ID=6055575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782851105 Pending DE2851105A1 (en) | 1978-11-25 | 1978-11-25 | Osmotic sea-water desalination kit for drinking water prepn. - contains vessel, e.g. bag, with semi-permeable wall enclosing conc. nutritive soln. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55149682A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2851105A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3146588A1 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1983-06-30 | Gerhard 7990 Friedrichshafen Hestermann | Apparatus for the partial separation of liquid solutions by the reverse osmosis principle |
| EP1559685A2 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2005-08-03 | The Polymer Technology Group, Inc. | Devices that change size/shape via osmotic pressure |
| US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
| US11855324B1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-12-26 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump |
| US12040517B2 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-07-16 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell and methods of use thereof |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2223696A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-04-18 | Michael Wilson | Water purifying system |
| AU2011312881B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-07-16 | Porifera, Inc. | Thin film composite membranes for forward osmosis, and their preparation methods |
| US9216391B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2015-12-22 | Porifera, Inc. | Membranes having aligned 1-D nanoparticles in a matrix layer for improved fluid separation |
| WO2013059314A1 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2013-04-25 | Porifera, Inc. | Preparation of aligned nanotube membranes for water and gas separation applications |
| CA2896047C (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | Porifera, Inc. | Separation systems and elements utilizing laterally offset membranes |
| CN103130305A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-06-05 | 李�杰 | Small-sized emergency water fountain |
| US9861937B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-01-09 | Porifera, Inc. | Advancements in osmotically driven membrane systems including low pressure control |
| US10384169B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2019-08-20 | Porifera, Inc. | Supported carbon nanotube membranes and their preparation methods |
| CN107922220B (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2022-11-08 | 波里费拉公司 | Method of dehydrating an alcohol solution via forward osmosis and related system |
| CA3048017A1 (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-28 | Porifera, Inc. | Removing components of alcoholic solutions via forward osmosis and related systems |
-
1978
- 1978-11-25 DE DE19782851105 patent/DE2851105A1/en active Pending
-
1979
- 1979-11-24 JP JP15134679A patent/JPS55149682A/en active Granted
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3146588A1 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1983-06-30 | Gerhard 7990 Friedrichshafen Hestermann | Apparatus for the partial separation of liquid solutions by the reverse osmosis principle |
| EP1559685A2 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2005-08-03 | The Polymer Technology Group, Inc. | Devices that change size/shape via osmotic pressure |
| EP1559685A3 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2007-04-25 | The Polymer Technology Group, Inc. | Devices that change size/shape via osmotic pressure |
| US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
| US11563229B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-01-24 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US11611099B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-03-21 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
| US11699803B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-07-11 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US12107308B2 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2024-10-01 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
| US11855324B1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-12-26 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump |
| US12040517B2 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-07-16 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell and methods of use thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6348599B2 (en) | 1988-09-29 |
| JPS55149682A (en) | 1980-11-21 |
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