DE2839497A1 - DEVICE FOR RELEASING AND DROPPING LOADS FROM PLANES - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for releasing and dropping loads attached to aircraft at least one discharge device that is equipped with an or several explosive cartridges works and with a pivotable pair of hooks for engagement with corresponding brackets the burden. The discharge device is simultaneously with the Releasing the hook detonates so that the load is securely pushed down from the aircraft. In known devices becomes the release mechanism for the hook through part of the pressurized, when exploding the cartridge or cartridges generated gas pressure operated. Such a device is described in GB-PS 1,248,926.

A characteristic feature of this known device is the release mechanism for the two hooks in the form of a toggle linkage that is common to both hooks and is released by the pressurized gas as mentioned above. The effect of the pressurized Gas causes a movement of the toggle linkage through a middle dead center position, which releases the hook so that they can be pivoted to an open position by the weight of the load. During charging, i.e. while the load is being attached, the reverse process occurs. For this purpose, the load to be attached must be in a Position can be maneuvered in which the lugs or brackets for fastening exactly match the two hooks must and the hooks must then be moved into the closed position by reversing the actuation of the toggle linkage the mechanism must perform a locking or pawl action to keep the two hooks in place to keep.

The movement of the toggle linkage in the starting position is normally done by hand, for example by a

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Key, carried out. As shown in Fig. 1 of the aforementioned GB-PS, the shaft 11 is equipped with a square at one end, which is provided for engagement with a corresponding tool. The firing of the explosive cartridges moves the toggle linkage through the center dead center position and rotates the shaft 11 counterclockwise. The manual restoration requires rotation of the shaft back clockwise to move the hooks into engagement with the projections or tabs on the load and ensure that they are held in the closed position. This operation requires a very precise arrangement of the load both in the horizontal and in the vertical plane, so that both sets or stirrups arrive at the same time in accordance with the corresponding hook, since only a very little play can be provided between hooks and approaches.

The invention is now based on the object of providing a device of the type mentioned, in which in particular the loading, ie the fastening of the load is improved.

This object is basically achieved in that the hooks are kept ge by appropriate linkage in the closed position, which can perform an independent movement in a clamping position and are equipped with a mechanism for the simultaneous release of both linkages that each hook with a portion for engagement with a corresponding approach or bracket is provided on the raised load in the loading position and that this engagement rotates the corresponding hook into the closed position and at the same time the movement of the associated Ge rod is carried out in the clamping position.

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Such a device simplifies loading considerably. First it is. possible the two approaches to the To bring the load into engagement with the associated hook independently of one another, so that it is not necessary to to move both approaches into exactly the right position at the same time. Furthermore, it is provided that each approach is in the correct horizontal plane, only required a gradual lifting in the vertical plane, this lifting first the approach into engagement with the section of the Brings the hook mentioned above and then gradually moves the hook into the closed position, as long as the upward movement continues. When the closed position is reached, the associated linkage snaps into the clamping position in which the rods and hooks are secured. The same actuation can then be carried out with the second approach and hook can be carried out without this being dependent on the first approach, which is already fixed connected to its hook. Although the loading process has been greatly simplified, the release essentially goes as it is described above, so that both linkages are released simultaneously, i.e. as if they are part of a common Linkage would be ·.

The portion of the hook that engages the shoulder on the load when it is lifted must be in one Distance above the section that is in engagement with the approach in the closed position. This distance is greater than the thickness of the neck, and this upper section must be in a substantially horizontal direction, which is noticeably above the lower section, so that when the approach is raised, it is initially free of the lower portion and engages the upper portion. This engagement causes the rotary movement of the Hook so that its lower section is below the lower

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Edge of the approach comes to this in the desired To hold position.

In an advantageous embodiment according to the invention , each hook is controlled by a linkage which consists of a toggle lever, formed by a connecting rod, which is articulated at one end to the hook and at the other end to an actuating arm which is around a fixed point the unit is pivotable, and is pivotable by a spring-loaded tension rod also at one end about the common pivot point between the connecting rod and the actuating arm, a fixed stop for limiting the movement of the rod is provided at a point just before the central dead center position of the toggle lever and this forms the clamping position mentioned. A mechanical lock to hold each rod in the tensioned position is also provided.

When each hook is pivoted into the closed position by an upward movement of the relevant approach to the load, the common pivot point of the boom moves so long downward until it - directly before taking the fully closed position by the hook - the average dead center position a second toggle lever happens, which is formed by a tension rod and an actuating arm. The first toggle lever, which is formed by the connecting rod and the actuating arm is stopped shortly before reaching the middle dead center position by the engagement between the actuator arm and the fixed Anechlag. The linkage is pre-tensioned in the tensioned position by the spring tension on the tensioning rod, but since the first toggle lever, which is formed by the connecting rod and the actuating arm, is stopped just before the middle dead center position, has every force »

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which acts in the reopening direction of the hook, a Component that is directed in the opposite direction to this effect. No such force is present during the Load is attached, and the effect of the Peders tension therefore serves to snap the rod into its tensioned position in contact with the stop. Once this position has been reached, the mechanical safety device be operated automatically, since without this fuse the weight of the load on the hook after its release There is a tendency to overcome the Peder tension and without the mechanical safety the hook could be in the open position again sway.

The separate rods for both hooks are advantageously arranged so that the ends of the actuating arms, which are distant from the common pivot point, lie next to each other, with the mechanical safeguards act on the adjacent ends and enable both hooks to be released at the same time. For this a piston is actuated by the pressurized gas generated when the cartridges are ignited. This first causes the release of the mechanical safety devices and then the rotation of the actuating arms in the direction to open the hook. The compressive force generated by the piston supports the component of the weight of the load, see above that the second toggle lever, which is formed by the tension rod and the actuating arm, is back through his moved center dead center, whereupon the spring tension of the tension rod also the pressure force of the piston and supports the weight of the load and causes the corresponding hook to rotate rapidly to cause it assumes its open position and releases the load.

To take into account possible cartridge errors or to

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To make the use of the cartridges more economical during practical use, it is desirable To make arrangements for an emergency release. to for this purpose a second electrical control mechanism is advantageous, which has a magnet that actuates an arm, which is connected to the piston so that it is moved to release the hook. There can be an access to this arm be possible so that it can be operated by hand on the ground. This enables the actuation of the Release mechanism, for example, for test purposes during maintenance. The arm can be turned by a key that fits on a base after the locking bolt has been retracted by hand.

The mechanical safety, which is provided for each linkage, consists advantageously of a D-shaped Shaft which is in engagement with the end of the corresponding actuating arm and in the actuating position is rotated by a spring loaded plunger acting against an arm protruding from the shaft. When the piston is actuated by igniting the explosive cartridge or cartridges, it reaches the with the protruding arm two D-shaped shafts engaged with the two actuating arms immediately prior to its movement in contact, so that the two actuating arms are unsecured at the time of making this engagement. The force that exerted by the pistons overcomes that of the spring-biased plungers when the D-shaped Shafts are rotated to their unsecured positions. Once the actuator arms are rotated about their pivot points a return of the D-shaped shafts to their locking positions is inevitably prevented. From this it follows, however, that when a new load is attached, the linkage which controls the two hooks is in the tensioned position is moved back, with the standing under spring tension

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Plungers again control the D-shaped shafts and theirs Carry out movement to the safety position as described above.

To prevent inadvertent release of the two fuses, a locking bolt may be provided _s The two plunger spring-loaded adjacent to each other actuated for this purpose, wherein the safety pin between them is displaceably mounted and is engaged with a cutout in the two plungers are engaged, so that their actuation is prevented when the bolt is in its appropriate position. The actuation of the securing bolt can be connected to a vibration support to hold the load in its position.

A corresponding vibration support is described in German patent application P 28 o4 856.8. This exists of buffers to hold the load in the desired position. The buffers are attached so that they can be removed during loading are free to move and are detected in contact with the surface of the load when loading is complete is. As described in particular in this patent application, the determination and securing of the Buffers performed by pulling back sliding bolts, releasing the spring-loaded wedges and moving to the Allow backup of buffers.

The buffers must not be secured until loading has been completed and the hooks are completely closed are in the position to carry the load. Once this position has been reached, the safety bolt can be operated to prevent unintentional release of the two safety devices and thus the hook.

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The installation of such a connection provides a means of coordinating the securing of the buffers the securing of the hooks in their operating positions. The connection can be operated by hand on the floor, after the load has been attached. Unlocking is also possible on the floor if this is to be released and removing the load is required. In addition, the connection must of course for an unlocking in the Provide air before a load can be released. This is preferably done electrically, for example carried out with the help of a magnet, which is actuated by the linkage to retract the safety bolt will. At the same time, this actuates the bolt for controlling the fuse for the vibration support. This but has no influence, since the vibration support is already there is secured and no further actuation is required before releasing the load. In addition to these two Functions operates the connection in an advantageous manner an electrical switch to control the supply an ignition circuit for the cartridges of the ejection device. Under certain circumstances, after withdrawal of the securing bolt in preparation for releasing the load, a decision must be made according to which the load should not be thrown off. For this purpose, a second magnet can be provided, which is attached to the linkage acts in the opposite direction to bring the locking bolt back into its locking position. Around ensure that the connecting rod is one or assumes the other of the two positions, these positions are advantageously spring-loaded by one standing ratchet mechanism.

Further advantages and details of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing using an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail.

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It shows:

Fig. 1 is an overall view of a device

for releasing and dropping according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a partial view of FIG. 1 on a reduced scale to illustrate the mode of operation the device;

3 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 2 to illustrate the mode of operation;

4 is a view corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 3 to illustrate the mode of operation;

Fig. 5 is a FIGS. 2, 3 and ¹ corresponding I

View to illustrate the operation;

6 is a view similar to that of FIGS. 3 to 5 corresponds to illustrating a second release mechanism, which is also shown in the embodiment of FIG is;

7 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 6, but in a different position;

Fig. 8 is a view of the locking linkage of the device of Fig. 1; and

9 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 8, but in a different position.

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The illustration in FIG. 1 essentially serves to to illustrate the relationship between the linkage and other components, which are individually in the further figures the drawing are illustrated. The various components are shown in FIG. 1 and in the other figures the same reference numerals. The device and its operation is easier in connection with the to understand individual figures that illustrate the special mode of operation, so that the overall view of Fig. is not described in detail. For this reason, reference is first made to FIGS. 2 to 5. In these Figures show the operation of the first release mechanism for hooks 1, which can be actuated by a linkage 2 are. Each linkage consists of a connecting rod 3 » an actuating arm 4 which can be pivoted about a fixed point Io and consists of a spring-loaded tension rod 5, which is rotatable about a fixed pivot point 11 with one end and with a pivot point at the other end 6, which lies between the connecting rod 3 and the actuating arm 4. The effect of the pressure force each tie rod is that each linkage is held in the position shown in Fig. 2, in which the Hook 1 is in its open position.

Each hook 1 is provided with a lateral projection 8, which is connected to a bracket 9 (see cross section in Fig. 3) the load to be held is engaged. When the load is lifted, each bracket 9 engages with the corresponding projection 8 a gradual rotation of the hook from the open position of FIG. 2 into the closed position 3, in which the hooks hold the bracket 9 in place.

The movement of each hook to the closed position of the pig. has a movement of the by the operating arms U and the Tie rods 5 formed rocker arm result, namely

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precisely because of their middle dead center position. Further movement is prevented by the engagement between the actuating arms 4 and stops 7, which form part of the fixed structure of the device. Once this position has been reached, the actuating arms 4 are forcibly secured by means of tripping safeguards which are formed by D-shaped shafts 12 which are rotated into the closed position according to FIG Wave 12 outgoing arms I ¹ I act. The plungers 13 can then be secured in this position in FIG. 3 by securing bolts 35, the mode of operation of which will be described later. The various parts then remain in the secured position shown in FIG. 3 until immediately before the loads are released. At this point in time, the securing bolt 35 is pulled back again in order to release the plunger.

The first release system is energized by igniting an explosive cartridge, the gas pressure of which is applied to an actuating piston 16 acts, forcing it down into contact with arms 14 and the spring tension of the plunger overcomes. As a result, the D-shaped shafts 12 are rotated into their releasing position, whereby the linkage is released. Immediately after the engagement of the piston 16 with the arms 14, release arms 17 reach the piston 16 with corresponding rollers 18 on the actuating arms engaged. In Fig. 4, the parts are illustrated in the position in which the piston 16 the D-shaped shafts 12 has moved to the free position, and the arms 17 are in contact with the rollers 18. Another down Directed movement of the piston 16 into the position shown in FIG. 5 has a movement of the actuating arms 4 in the illustrated position, whereby the

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Linkage 2 is rotated back into the position shown in Fig. 2 and the hook 1 to release the load to open.

As already described above, each toggle lever consists of an actuating arm h and a tension rod 5, which can be moved through a central dead center position from the position shown in FIG. 2 to the position shown in FIG 5 is biased. The second toggle lever, which consists of the corresponding actuating arm h and the connecting rod 3, never moves beyond the center dead center position, so that any weight that acts on the hook has the tendency to move the linkage 2 out of the position shown in FIG .to move into the position shown in Fig..2. During loading, no weight acts on the hook and the spring tension of the tension rod is therefore sufficient to hold the linkage 2 in the position shown in FIG. Under release conditions, however, the entire weight of the load acts on the hook 1, and this is reinforced by the pressure of the dropping pistol which forms part of the unit. It follows that as soon as the shafts 12, the position h shown in Fig. Are positioned, the rod 2 starts to move to the position shown in Fig. 5, and as soon as each toggle the group consisting of an operating arm 4 and a tension rod 5 exists, moves through its middle dead center position, the spring acting on the tension rod supports the movement in this direction. It follows from this that the movement into the position according to FIG. 5 takes place very quickly and the bracket 9 is released without delay and the load is thrown off.

6 and 7 , the operation of a second release mechanism is shown, which is provided to a

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Release in emergencies, ie when the cartridge is not working properly, or in practical cases where the use of cartridges should be made more economical. The actual movement of the piston 16 and the linkage 2 is the same as described above in connection with FIGS. The piston 16 is actuated electrically and not by an explosion. For this purpose a rotating magnet 22 is provided which rotates counterclockwise when energized. As a result, a lever 23 is moved to the right. This involves the rotation of a second release arm 4, which rotates clockwise from that shown in Fig. 6 in the ge in Fig. 7 showed position. The release arm 2k is connected at its left end to a spring-loaded rod 25 and is pivotable about the piston 16 at its right end at 27. The spring-loaded rod 25 causes the release arm 2k to move from the position shown in FIG. 6 into the position according to FIG. 7 and that movement can be referred to as snapping. As a result, the piston 16 is moved downwards in order to initiate the same sequence of movements as was described in connection with FIGS. 2 to 5. In other words, the actuating arms 4 are first unlocked, and then the linkage 2 moves into the position according to FIG. 7 in order to open the hooks 1 and release the load. To simplify the illustration, the tension rods 5 under spring tension have been omitted in FIGS. 6 and 7. In practice, these contribute to the movement of the linkage 2 into the position shown in Fig. 7 in the same way as described above.

In addition to being operated by the magnet 22, the arms 24 can be operated manually by means of a linkage, which consists of a lever 3o connected to a second lever, only part of which is shown. This

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Lever 31 can be turned from the position shown in FIG. 6 into the position according to FIG. 7 by means of a key, which is inserted through an opening in the housing of the unit, the mechanism by a not shown Safety bolt is protected. These three different types of possibilities just described above the actuation take into account all conceivable eventualities. In contrast to the quick actuation by means of the explosive device and the actuation by the magnet 22, the actuation can be carried out slowly by hand, when it comes to checking and adjusting the mechanism is required.

In addition to the release mechanism just described above, the unit is provided with a vibration support in connection with each hook 1. Details of this structure are the subject of patent application P 28 oH 856.8. A housing for a corresponding device is, however, denoted by 33 in FIG. 1, and buffers under pressure, which are controlled by this mechanism, are denoted by 34. While the load is being attached, these buffers are free to adapt to the load. They are then locked in a position in contact with the surface of the load after the loading is complete. The buffers must not be blocked until loading has ended and the hooks 1 have taken their final position. 8 and 9 is a safety linkage for coordinating the work of the safety bolt - as described above in connection with FIGS. 2 to 5 - described with the backup and detection of the buffer 3 ^ in the desired position. The detection and securing is brought to standig by pulling back sliding bolts 36, and in addition, the linkage coordinates the work of a rotary switch 38, which is switched on in the ignition circuit for the explosive cartridges

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To actuate piston 16 and also to provide for the actuation of the drop pistols, as described later.

The bolt 35 slides horizontally between the two spring-loaded plungers 13, which fit into part-circular recesses in the two bolts and thus inevitably hold them in their upper position, in which the D-shaped shafts 12 cause a movement of the rod 2, as shown in FIG 3 shown. Under these circumstances, in the event of an unintentional actuation of the piston 16, it is not possible to overcome the action of the bolt 35, so that there is also no unintentional release of the load. The securing linkage coordinates the insertion of the bolt 35 to secure the linkage 2 and therefore the hook 1 by the retraction of the bolts 36 to secure the pressurized buffers 34. The bolt 35 is operated by a crank 42 which revolves around a substantially vertical lever 43 is pivotable, the upper end of which actuates the switch 38. To ensure that the crank 42 does not remain in an intermediate position, but practically snaps from one extreme position to the other, the lever 33 is at an intermediate point with a. Connected toggle lever, which consists of a spring arm 46 and a fixed arm 47. The latter rotates around a fixed point 48 at which it is connected to a short arm 49 and a lever 5o. The movement of the crank 42 from the position shown in FIG. 8 into the position according to FIG. 9 moves the lever 43 upwards until the lever formed by the arms 46 and 47 reaches the central dead center position. During this movement, the spring on the arm 46 is compressed and, as soon as the center dead center position has been overcome, the spring expands again and thereby causes the upward movement of the lever 33 to ensure that it snaps over .

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- 2ο -

The movement of the toggle lever from the position shown in Fig. 8 to the position of Fig. 9 rotates the arm 49 clockwise about the pivot point 48, whereby a GE colored lower portion 52 to the left in accordance with an opening 53 in the housing of the unit is moved . This makes the colored section 52 visible from the outside and serves as an indicator for the securing position of the entire system. The arm 49 is additionally connected to a substantially horizontal lever 55 which moves to the left when the arm 49 rotates from the position shown in FIG. 8 to the position shown in FIG. This movement causes an immediate retraction of the bolts 36 on the right side of the unit and via a connection 56 a second horizontal lever 57 is moved to the right, whereby the bolts 36 on the left side of the unit are retracted.

The crank 42 is designed for manual operation to access and as a result of movements described thus far, due to the movement of the crank 42, from the position of FIG. 8 in the position according to Fig. 9, it is executed immediately after completion of loading, the Secure hook 1 and buffer 34 as described above . If it is necessary to release the load while flying an aircraft equipped with the unit, the bolt 35 must be retracted remotely, and it may be necessary to return it to the safety position if any plan change is imminent the release of the load makes this necessary. For this purpose , a pair of magnets 60 and 61 are provided which act on opposite ends of the lever 5o which, as described above, is connected to the arm 47 of the toggle lever . By actuating the magnet 60, the lever 5o is turned counterclockwise

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in the position after Pig. 8 moves, causing the lever ^ 3 moved down and the bolt 35 withdrawn is in the position in which the release of the load is possible. If this position is taken, conditionally the actuation of the magnet 6l is a clockwise rotation of the lever 5o, whereby the just described above Effect is reversed and the individual components have their safety position according to Pig. "9 again take in.

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Claims (1)

Claims Device for releasing and dropping loads from aircraft or the like., Consisting of at least a dropping device (dropping pistol) and a pivotable pair of hooks for engagement with respective ones Ironing on the load, characterized in that the hooks (1) in the closed position by corresponding Linkage (2) are held, which can be brought into a tensioned position by independent movement and are equipped with mechanisms for releasing both rods at the same time, each Hook with a section for engagement with a corresponding bracket (9) when lifting the load in 9098U / 072S KANZUEl: QEFFCKENSTRASSEe TELEQ R AM M E: PATF AY, HAM BU RG ORIGINAL INSPECTED the loading position is provided and this engagement turns the corresponding hook into the closed position, and at the same time the associated linkage is moved into the clamping position. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods (2) which the corresponding hooks control, each have a toggle lever, which is formed by a connecting rod (3), which is articulated with at one end of the hook and at the other end to an actuating arm (Ό, which is connected around a Pest point of the unit is pivotable that a spring-loaded tension rod is also pivotable at one end with the common pivot point between the connecting rod and the actuating arm is connected that a stationary stop (7) to limit the movement of the linkage on one Point is provided immediately before the central dead center position of the toggle lever to determine the clamping position and that a mechanical safety device is provided for holding each rod in this tensioned position. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rods are arranged in such a way that the ends of the actuating arms (1) which are remote from the common pivot point are adjacent to one another, that the mechanical locking acts on these adjacent ends and that a piston & 6) _s the gas pressure generated when igniting one or more explosive cartridges is actuated, first causing the release of the mechanical safety device and then turning the actuating arms (4) in a direction to open the hooks (1). 909814/0721 4. Apparatus according to claim 3 »characterized in that that a second electrical control mechanism consisting of a magnet (22) is provided which actuates an arm connected to the piston (16) to move it to release the fuse. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or ^, characterized in that that each mechanical fuse consists of a D-shaped shaft (12) connected to the end of the corresponding Actuating arm (Ό is in engagement and is rotatable into the operating position by a spring-loaded plunger (13), the plunger acts against an arm protruding over the shaft. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that that two plungers (13) work side by side and that a securing bolt (35) is provided between the two plungers (13) slides and is engaged with a cutout in the plungers to their To prevent actuation. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that a vibration support (3 ¹ O is provided, and that the securing bolt (35) is actuated by a connecting rod (55,56,57) which also has a securing bolt (36) for the vibration support (3 * 0 controls. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the connecting rod (55 * 56,57) with a Solenoid actuation (6o, 6l) is provided. Ö098U / 072S 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that that the connecting rod (55,56,57) actuates an electrical switch (38) which controls the supply of the ignition circuit for the explosive cartridges of the ejection device. 10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized characterized in that the connecting rod (55,56,57) occupies two different positions by one spring-loaded toggle mechanism are defined. Description : ÖQ5SU / G725