DE2833637A1 - LARGE-LARGE STORAGE CONTAINER FOR LIQUIDS, ESPECIALLY FOR HOT WATER FOR ENERGY STORAGE - Google Patents

Description

PATENT Attorney DIPL.-ING.GERD COMMENTZ

7 STUTTGART 1

KLIPPENECKSTRASSE 4 TELEPHONE (0711) 465644

July 31, 1978 C / F Sch 173 P

Professor Dr.-Ing. Günter Scholl
Hauffstrasse 14, 7441 Wolfschlugen

Spacious storage tank for liquids, in particular for hot water for energy storage

The term "large-scale" means closed storage areas »·

understood holder with a volume in the order of 5000 m will. Such containers are mainly used today for the storage of liquid fuels of all kinds and of chemical and food-producing liquids Industry. Occasionally, drinking and service water are also stored in such large closed containers.

These containers consist, if their wall, as in the majority of all cases, is only loaded by the pressure of the stored liquid level, of standing hollow cylinders with flat, curved or conical bases and lids. The cylinder jacket is usually welded together from pre-bent sheet steel. Their thickness can be reduced in accordance with the static pressure of the column of liquid, which decreases upwards. D _a s bottom plate when, as usual, on a

030009/0024

-2-

COMMERZBANK STUTTGART (BLZ 60040071) 7751027 · POSTSCHECKAMT STUTTGART 25780-700 ■ TELEPHONE INFORMATION SINU NON-BINDING

July 31, 1978

flat foundation plate or directly or indirectly over an insulating layer on the ground, learns from the Pressure of the liquid is not a tensile load, but only a slight pressure load based on the strength of the material. Its wall thickness is therefore independent of the size of the container diameter and must be used to protect against destruction Corrosion but get a certain minimum wall thickness. at the container lid or roof, if this is designed as a cantilevered dome as usual, with regard to the cost of building materials and the manufacturing costs already have a considerable dependence on the size of the container diameter.

However, the absolute dimensions are of particularly great influence the container diameter and the container height to the wall thickness of the cylindrical shell. With a permissible

2 tensile stress on the steel sheet of, for example, 100 N / mm

2
(1000 kg / cm) the sheet metal jacket of a container with a diameter of 20 m and a height of 10 m, for example, must have a wall thickness of at least 10 ram. If you wanted to double the diameter and height of the container to increase the volume of the container to 8 times, the casing sheet would have to be designed with four times the wall thickness, i.e. with a wall thickness of 40 mm. Sheets with such wall thicknesses can only be welded to one another on the construction site, if at all, with a great deal of effort, in order to meet the given safety requirements.

The above explanations show that the currently known and applied construction of large-scale storage of the

-3-030009 / 0024

COPY

- / 3T- July 31, 1978

There are limits to the enlargement of the container dimensions. In practice, this is taken into account by simply adding the number to store larger amounts of liquid the container is increased and so whole "batteries" from tanks get to the installation. This fact can be at the The storage of liquids that do not have a significant temperature gradient compared to the ambient temperature should be accepted should be taken, since there are no further losses apart from the debt service for the storage period.

The situation is completely different when storing warm water over longer periods of time, for example 6 or 12 months, away, because the specific * in J / m liquid with increasing container dimensions with the same good insulation decrease considerably, not to say decisive for the economic efficiency of the storage. So are the specific ones Heat losses of a storage device with the dimensions of, for example, 20 m in diameter and 10 m in height with the same quality of Isolation twice as high in the same retention period, like that of a storage tank with a diameter of 40 m and a height of 20 m.

The object of the invention is to create a large-scale container which, while complying with the permissible material stress and fulfilling all safety-related requirements, is subject to practically no limits with regard to its size dimensions and whose production costs, decreasing with the size of its dimensions, are considerably lower than those of all previously known large-scale storage tanks.
* Heat losses

-4-

030009/0024

COPY

July 31, 1978

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the side walls of the container starting from its base plate consist of curved shells or shell parts, the radii of curvature of which correspond to the height of the liquid column variable pressure of the liquid are inversely proportional, the shells then being approximately in a quarter the curve of an ellipse standing on its smallest radius of curvature, the largest semi-axis of which is equal to the highest Height of the liquid column in the container and whose smallest semi-axis is equal to half of the major semi-axis.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the curved in the elliptical shape Trash parts occurring due to the liquid pressure Tensile forces at the apex of the smallest radii of curvature as horizontally acting forces in the floor slab, on The apex of the largest radii of curvature, introduced into the ground as vertically acting forces through supports over foundations will. These supports, which are expediently designed as articulated stilts, can be indirectly on one with the Baseplate of the storage unit connected, on rollers above the foundation, radially displaceable and pressure-absorbing plates prop up.

So that the base plate is affected by temperature changes and / or elongation movements caused by tensile loads able to follow, the base plate of the container is advantageously on a flat surface with particularly good sliding properties on. In this case, the flat support surface, which is equipped with good sliding properties, can then be used for the base plate

-5-

03000 9/0024

-A- July 31, 1978

a rolled or slipped thin solid layer consist of graphite, carbon or the like. But it is also conceivable that the flat, with good sliding properties equipped support surface consists of an underlaid, further thin sheet steel plate, which is attached to the outer Circumference like a stuffing box by a circumferential hose under liquid or gas pressure opposite the Base plate of the container is slidably sealed, then the space between the two plates by pressing filled with a lubricating substance such as oil or grease or the like.

In an expedient design, the base plate and thus also the container have a circular shape in plan but also the shape of a regular or irregular polygon, an elliptical shape or the shape of a rectangle with broken or rounded corners.

In addition, starting from its upper edge, the container advantageously has a ring-shaped circumferential plate for partial Cover and simultaneous stiffening of the container. The complete cover of the container can with it a thin-walled pontoon divided by bulkheads, floating on the liquid in the filled container, then each floating pontoon to protect against all weather conditions in turn has a shed roof-like cover with rain drainage channels to the outside and this shed roof-like Cover optionally consists of solar panels. This can then be done by a device under liquid or gas pressure

-6-

030009/0024

V3QS COPY

- ^ - July 31, 1978

Hose that runs all the way between the side wall of the floating Pontoons and the annular partial cover of the container is arranged, the liquid in the container air- and be sealed off from the outside air in a gastight manner.

If the container is intended as a hot water storage tank and has it this and the floating pontoon, shed-like covered with solar collectors, have a circular shape, so the pontoon is around his Center rotatably guided in rollers that are mounted on the annular partial cover of the container, then the Gap between the pontoon wall and the concentric wall of the annular partial cover of the Container with a mixture of paraffin and crushed cork or foam flakes that floats on the water surface, air- and is filled in a vapor-tight manner.

When using the container as a storage container for liquids, which, such as crude oil or drinking water, are withdrawn and refilled discontinuously, goes from the upper partial cover expediently a circumferential, vertically hanging down and thin-walled sheet metal apron, to which the pontoon floating on the liquid level with its hose seal slides up and down. The pontoon floating on the surface of the liquid, surrounded by a pontoon made of gravel or, for example, near its edge Stone gravel existing ballast be weighted so that it bulges upwards towards its center and the during the storage period, if necessary from the container liquid rising gases collect in the bulge

-7-030009 / 0024

July 31, 1978

and are to be discharged via a pipe arranged in the middle of this bulge. Furthermore, the pontoon and the circumferential ring Shaped partial cover extending downwards to approximately the base plate have tubes with closable openings at different height distances from the base plate, so that the container liquid from different openings through these openings Heights of the liquid in the container can be removed and supplied.

The container itself can be made of sheet steel or reinforced concrete or partly made of sheet steel and another part reinforced concrete.

When used as a heat store and when the local groundwater level is high, the container is useful with its base plate at ground level or on a solid embankment a stable thermal insulation material such as pumice, expanded clay or blast furnace slag in or slightly above the Ground surface erected at the place of installation. When the groundwater level is low on the other hand, the container is then advantageously with its base plate below the normal terrain height in an enclosed space Well built, and then the excavated soil is poured in dams around the container and as exclusive or additional thermal insulation of the side wall serves.

When the container is used as a heat storage device, it can have its top surface in addition to the side wall, both the ring-shaped partial surface as well as the surface of the floating pontoon, a thermal insulation with a particularly low unit weight such as peat, straw, chaff or plastic foam.

-8th-

030009/0024

July 31, 1978

Further details of the invention are the following description to be found in an exemplary embodiment.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through part of the memory according to the line A-B in Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the same part of the Memory according to the line C-D in Fig. 1,

3 shows, on an enlarged scale, a vertical section through a seal and

Fig. 4 is a vertical section on an enlarged scale through another seal.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, there is the inventive Storage container from a base plate 1, which in addition to the tight seal of the container at the bottom still has the task of which is caused by the liquid content on the side walls 2 of the container, which are composed of curved steel sheets to absorb exerted horizontal forces. This is done by a curvature according to the invention of the side walls 2, whose variable radii of curvature in each case inversely proportional to the locally variable pressure of the liquid with the height are. The line of curvature of these side walls 2 follows practically with a very good approximation of the curvature line of a Quarter ellipse, the largest semiaxis of which is equal to the height of the

-9-

030009/0024

COPY
ORIiQISAL INSPECTED

- / T- July 31, 1978

Liquid level in the container and its smallest semi-axis half as large as the largest semiaxis, i.e. equal to half the height of the liquid column in the container. The ones in these elliptically curved side walls 2 due to the liquid pressure occurring tensile forces are at the horizontal apex of the ellipse introduced into the base plate 1 as horizontal tensile forces. The side walls curved at the vertical apex of the elliptical shape 2 forces occurring as a vertical train are through the connection with the upper ends of joint supports 3, through this introduced indirectly to the foundation 4 and thus into the ground via a supporting plate 5 supported by rollers. By the provided movable support of the container on the resting foundation 4, the container is capable of small radial Displacements, such as those caused by material expansion during filling and temperature changes due to thermal expansion occur to follow.

So that the base plate 1 also comply with such changes in length can, this rests on a surface with particularly good sliding properties, for example with a slurry of Graphite or carbon on the concrete slab 20 can be achieved. Particularly good sliding properties can be achieved by that under the base plate 1, as shown in Fig. 3, a further plate 23 is arranged and in the space oil or fat is pressed in between the two plates 1 and 23. So that this oil or fat cannot leak out, are both plates 1 and 23, as can be seen from Fig. 3, like a stuffing box by a pressurized, circumferential Hose 7 sealed against each other.

As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the container

0 300 09, ^ 24 - ₁₀ -

- yS - July 31, 1978

on top an annular, circumferential partial cover 8, with the further, complete cover of the container through the pontoon 9 floating on the liquid in the container takes place. This pontoon 9 is in turn with a shed roof-like Cover 10 provided, which can also consist of solar panels. Rain drainage channels 11 protect the pontoon 9 from water from rain and snow, which is more necessary if the tank is used to store warm water and to protect against excessive heat loss with a Thermal insulation 19 is provided. If the pontoon 9 is on its outer edge Weighted all around with ballast 14, it arches in the middle up through. This ensures simple and safe venting and degassing of the container contents. From the cover of the container lead pipes 15 with closable Openings 16 downwards. These tubes 15 allow the supply and removal of container liquid at different heights, which is particularly important in the case of heat accumulators water content stratified according to temperature is required.

When using the container for storing liquids, which are removed or refilled discontinuously and the liquid level in the container between Zero and the full height fluctuates, the container receives a sheet metal apron 13 all around, along which then the pontoon 9 slides up and down.

In Fig. 4, a device is shown on an enlarged scale, the movable in the vertical direction pontoon with respect to the fixed partial cover 8 and the sheet metal apron 13 attached to it. This seal will

030009/0024 " ^Ί1 "

July 31, 1978

by means of a circulating one that is under slight overpressure Hose 12 causes.

Finally, the reservoir is also provided with a collecting trench 22 to protect the surroundings from escaping liquid. It is also possible to let the memory more or less deep into the ground, as indicated by the dashed line Line 18 is indicated. In all cases, the memory after mten with a water and heat insulating load-bearing insulation 17 as well as with the drainage channels 21 be equipped.

-12-

030009/0024

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Claims (20)

July 31, 1978 C / F Sch 173 P Professor Dr.-Ing. Günter Scholl Hauffstr. 14, 7441 Wolfschlugen Large storage tank for liquids, especially for hot water for energy storage Claims: 1. Large-scale container, characterized »that the side walls (2) of the container, starting from its base plate (1), consist of curved shells or shell parts, the radii of curvature of which are inversely proportional to the respective pressure of the liquid, which is variable with the height of the liquid column, in which case the shells run approximately in a quarter of the curve of an ellipse standing on its smallest radius of curvature, whose largest semi-axis is equal to the highest height of the liquid column in the container and whose smallest semi-axis is equal to half of the major semi-axis. CdMMBRZBANK STUTTGART (BLZ 600400 71) 7751027 · POST! 700 · TELEPHONE INFORMATION SIN1> NON-BINDING - 2 - July 31, 1978 2. Container according to claim 1, characterized in that the in the elliptical curved shell parts (2) due to the liquid pressure occurring tensile forces at the apex the smallest radii of curvature as horizontally acting forces in the floor slab, at the apex of the largest radii of curvature, as vertically acting forces are introduced into the ground through supports (3) via foundations (4). 3. Container according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that that the supports (3) are designed as articulated stilts and are indirectly on one with the base plate (1) of the Support connected to the memory, on rollers above the foundation (4), radially displaceable and pressure-absorbing plates. 4 "Container according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base plate (1) of the container on a flat surface with particularly good sliding properties and to follow the expansion movements caused by temperature changes and / or by tensile stress able. 5. Container according to claim 4, characterized in that the flat, Support surface equipped with good sliding properties for the base plate (1), from a rolled or slotted one thin solid layer of graphite, carbon or the like. Is. 6, container according to claim 4, characterized in that the plane _f with good sliding properties equipped with a support surface -3- 030Ö09 / 0024 - 3 - July 31, 1978 underlaid, further thin sheet steel plate (23), which is like a stuffing box on the outer circumference by a circumferential, The hose (7) under liquid or gas pressure is displaceably sealed with respect to the base plate (1) of the container and the space between the two plates (1,23) through Pressing in with a lubricating substance such as oil or grease or the like. Is filled. 7. Container according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that the base plate (1) and thus also the container in plan is preferably circular in shape possesses, but also in the form of a regular or irregular polygon, in an elliptical shape or in the form of a rectangle can be produced with broken or rounded corners. 8. Container according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the container, starting from its upper edge, has a ring-shaped circumferential plate (8) for partial Has cover and simultaneous stiffening of the container. 9. Container according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the complete covering of the container with one on the liquid of the filled container floating and thin-walled pontoon (9) divided by bulkheads. 10. Container according to claim 9, characterized in that the floating pontoon (9) for protection against all weather conditions 030009/0024 - 4 - July 31, 1978 In turn, a shed roof-like cover (10) with rain drainage channels flows (11) possesses to the outside. 11. A container according to claim 10, characterized in that the Shed roof-like cover (10) consists of solar panels. 12. Container according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized characterized in that a hose (12) which is under liquid or gas pressure and which runs circumferentially between the Side wall (2) of the floating pontoon (9) and the annular partial cover (8) of the container is arranged, the Liquid in the container is sealed airtight and gas-tight from the outside air. 13. A container according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that when the container is used as a hot water storage tank and with a circular design of container and floating pontoon (9) covered with shed-like solar collectors, this pontoon (9) is rotatable about its center point is guided in rollers, which are mounted on the ring-shaped partial cover of the container, in which case the space between the pontoon wall and the concentric wall of the ring-shaped partial cover of the container with a mixture of paraffin and cork meal or Schaiasistoff-flakes, which on the water surface floats ₉ is filled airtight and vapor-tight. 14. Container according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that when the container is used as a storage container for liquids, such as, for example -5-030009 / 0024 - 5 - July 31, 1978 Crude oil or drinking water, withdrawn discontinuously and refilled again, from the upper partial cover (8) a circumferential, thin-walled sheet metal apron (13) hanging vertically downwards, on which the one on the liquid level floating pontoon (9) with its hose seal (12) up and down. 15. Container according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fonton (9) floating on the liquid level revolves in the vicinity of its edge with-des-ballast (14), for example gravel or stone gravel, is so weighted that it bulges upwards towards its center and that during the storage period possibly rising from the container liquid Gases collect in the bulge and can be discharged via a tube arranged in the middle of this bulge. 16. Container according to claim 10, characterized in that the pontoon (9) and the circumferential ring-shaped partial cover (8) have tubes (15) extending downwards to approximately the base plate (1), with closable openings (16) in different height distance from the base plate (1), so that Via these openings (16) the container liquid from different Heights of the liquid in the container can be removed and supplied. 17. Container according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the container is made of sheet steel, sheet steel panels or reinforced concrete or in part 030009/0024 - 6 - 31ο7, 1978 consists of sheet steel and another part of reinforced concrete. 18. A container according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the container in its application as a heat store and with a high local groundwater level with its base plate at ground level or on a solidly tamped embankment of a load-bearing thermal insulation material such as pumice, expanded clay or blast furnace slag in or slightly above the Bodeia surface at the place of installation ₀ 19. A container according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the container is built in its application as a heat storage and at deep® groundwater level with its base plate below the normal terrain level in an excavated recess _s then the excavated soil in thumb rimgs ea is poured into the container and serves as exclusive or additional thermal insulation of the side wall. 20. A container according to one or more of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that when the container is used as a heat accumulator in addition to the side wall, its cover surface _? both the annular surface portion (8) as _s has a thermal insulation with particularly low * .Räumeinheitsgewicht such as peat, straw, chaff, or plastic foam, the surface of the floating Pontoms (9).