DE2739658A1 - REVERSIBLE HEAT PUMP - Google Patents

Description

LEINWEBER & ZIMMERMANN

PATENT LAWYERS

Dipl.-Ing. H. Leinweber 0130-7 «) Dipl.-Ing. Heinz Zimmermann Dipi.-Ing. A. Gf. v. Wengersky

Rosental 7, 8000 Munich 2

2. Ascent (Kustermann-Passage) Telephone (089) 2603989 Telex 528191 lepat d Telegr. Addr. Leinpat Munich

September 2, 1977

Under signs

Seg / Sd

TERIiOMECCAIiICA ITALIANA SpA, LA SPEZIA / Italy
Reversible heat pump

The invention relates to a reversible heat pump.

As is well known, a heat pump system is intended to be used at the expense of a natural or artificial source of cold to heat a medium.

It is also known that the task of a cooling system is at the expense of a natural or artificial one Heat source to cool a medium. Usually these two plants are constructed differently and based on different principles manufactured based. According to the known prior art, it was not previously possible to use a system as both To use the heat pump as well as a cooler without complicating the circuit considerably and / or the number of To multiply exchangers.

809831/0658

The invention is therefore based on the object of a to create a single system which can be used for the two purposes mentioned above and which has the same number of Has elements such as a simple cooling circuit or a simple heat pump circuit.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1 solved.

By simple measures according to the invention, the The same reversible heat exchanger can be used both as an evaporator and as a condenser, since the Switchover to the selected operation immediately, automatically and in every operating phase or under every condition can take place.

Further advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The invention will now be based on an exemplary embodiment

and explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. In the drawing show:

'· Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of the system of the invention. the thick lines represent the lines that are needed when the system is used as a

ι heat pump is in operation while the thin lines the lines not used in this operating phase

, demonstrate;

Fig. 2 schematically shows the cycle that the primary medium

runs through if the system is used as a heat pump in accordance with! Fig. 1 works;

Fig. 3 shows the same system as in Fig. 1, but for the Case that the system is operated as a cooling system; and

4 again schematically shows the cycle process accordingly

809831/0555

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Fig. 2, but in the event that the system is used as a cooling system according to FIG. 3 is operated.

The invention is based on the principle of the direct Carnot cycle with bivalent power on the two The system based on heat levels essentially consists of:

a) from a compressor 1 connected directly or indirectly to a main engine,

b) a suction separator 2,

c) a circulation pump 3,

d) a first heat. exchanger 4,

e) a second heat exchanger 5,

f) a collecting container b for receiving the condensed primary medium,

g) an expansion valve 7,

h) Distribution valves ÜO, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85..

The following operating examples are described for a more detailed explanation:

3 £ lxl £ h-3lS-WöX] B £ $} i2 \ $. £ i The second heat exchanger 5 through which the primary medium heated to a high temperature flows is used to give off heat.

The first heat exchanger 4, which has been cooled to a low temperature by the heat exchanger, serves to absorb heat Primary medium is flowed through.

The compressor 1 sucks in the primary medium from the separator 2, compresses it, raises its heat level and pumps it Primary medium to the second heat exchanger 5, where a second secondary medium assigned to the second heat exchanger 5, the is supplied to the consumers, the heat is absorbed.

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2729658

T-

The condensed primary medium becomes the collecting container 6 and then by appropriate adjustment of the valves 81 to 85 passed through the expansion valve 7 to the separator 2, from where it is passed as a liquid through the circulation pump is conveyed to the first exchanger 4. There is a first secondary medium assigned to the first heat exchanger 4 cooled down. The primary medium then flows back to the separator 2.

Operation a I ^ JCühJ-kr eislaufe serves to give off heat now the first heat exchanger 4, while the second heat exchanger 5 is used to absorb heat.

The compressor 1 sucks the primary medium from the separator 2 on, which is passed to the first heat exchanger 4 after its compression and heating, where the first secondary medium the Absorbs heat. The condensed primary medium is then to the collecting container 6 and thereafter by means of appropriate valve adjustment passed through the expansion valve 7 to the separator 2, from where it is passed through the circulation pump 3 as a liquid to the second heat exchanger 5 is passed and from there flows back to the separator 2. The second secondary medium is cooled there, that is fed to the consumers.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, \. The primary medium consists of Freon 12 or Freon 22. The first secondary medium can be the ambient air or that of a air extracted from the external room is used, which is heated when the system is used as a cooling system and, conversely, cooled, if the system al. ·. The heat pump works, only to flow back into the external room. As a second secondary medium, that comes into contact with the second exchanger can be lasser serve the consumer in a closed circuit ^ - is fed. "

809831 / OSSS "

In Figs. 1 and 3, the inflow and outflow tempera doors of the air and of the Water indicated for the first and second exchanger, as well as in the rectangles representing the two exchangers 4 and 5 the temperatures and equilibrium pressures of the freon in the two different operating phases, i.e. when the two Exchangers work as evaporators and condensers or as condensers and evaporators.

In Figs. 2 and 4, these temperatures are shown in a diagram, which in both cases one with a certain Approximation of the realized Carnot cycle shows, with the entropy S of the primary medium on the abscissa is plotted, while its absolute temperature T is plotted on the ordinate.

Many variants deviate from the specifically described exemplary embodiment, but depend on the claims on foot, possible.

The reversible heat pump is suitable for use with cooling compressors that are driven by a diesel engine, a gasoline engine or a gas turbine, with the option of recovering the heat generated by the engine.

In addition, the reversible heat pump is also suitable for the use of a piston compressor or a high- performance rotary screw compressor in connection with an air conditioning system.

The reversible heat pump according to the invention can be operated fully automatically, i.e. switching on, switching off and, if desired, the cycle reversal and / or the Defrosting can be done automatically.

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Reversible heat pump with a compressor for Compressing and heating a primary medium, one of the com- \ pressor-fed heat exchanger for the transfer of heat to a secondary medium, a passage or expansion valve fed by the heat exchanger which is used to transfer heat i valve, a liquid-vapor phase separator that is operated by the ^; Durchiaßventil is fed and feeds the compressor, one I circulation pump fed by the separator and a circulation pump i running pump and connected with the other end to the separator * - ! closed heat exchangers serving to absorb heat from a secondary medium, characterized in that the ! two heat exchangers (4,5) separate secondary ! circuits are assigned, and that a valve and line connection • Order is provided in such a way that either one of the heat '.'. \ Exchanger to give off heat and the other to take it up ! of heat is used, or the other heat exchanger is used for delivery i of heat and the one heat exchanger for receiving j heat serves.
j 2. Reversible heat pump according to claim 1, characterized j marked that in one secondary circuit ambient air! or those from a room outside the system; Sensitive air is used as the secondary medium and in the andei ren secondary circuit a cold-resistant solution, preferably water, carried in a closed circuit to a consumer is used as the secondary medium, the first heat exchanger using air as the secondary medium giving off heat to the secondary medium when the system is used as a cooling system serves, and absorbs heat from the secondary medium when the system works as a heat pump. | ^; 809831/0555 - 7 -ORIGINAL INSPECTED -τ- 3. Reversible heat pump according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outlet of the compressor (1) and the outlet the circulation pump (3) alternatively with the inlet openings of the two exchangers (4,5) with the aid of a three-way two-position valve pair (81, 82) are connectable. 4. Reversible heat pump according to claim 3, characterized in that a second, symmetrically arranged three-way two-position valve pair (83, 84) is connected to the outputs of the two heat exchangers (4, 5) in such a way that the Output of the first heat exchanger (4) alternatively with the "steam" or the "liquid zone" of the separator (2) or the outlet of the second exchanger (5) can alternatively be connected to the "liquid" or the "vapor zone". 5. Reversible heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the alternative the Connecting the outlet of the first or the second heat exchanger (4, 5) to the liquid zone of the separator (2) Line a collecting tank (6) for the primary medium coming from the heat exchanger which is used in each case for the dissipation of heat is arranged. 6. Reversible heat pump according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper region of the collecting container (6) via a fifth three-way two-position valve (85) to the inlet of the heat exchanger used in each case to give off heat (4 or 5) is connected. 7. Reversible heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two Wärmeaus exchanger (4, 5) are fed from above and are at a higher level than the separator (2) and the collecting container (6). 809831/0655 δ. Reversible heat pump according to claim 7, characterized in that the lines for the primary medium of the two heat exchangers are designed as descending cubic horizontal tubes in order to enable rapid emptying of the primary medium contained in these tubes when the puncture of the exchanger is changed from heat emission to heat absorption and vice versa v / ird. 809831 / 055S