DE2729896A1 - PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HARD CARAMELS - Google Patents

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HARD CARAMELS

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Publication number
DE2729896A1
DE2729896A1 DE19772729896 DE2729896A DE2729896A1 DE 2729896 A1 DE2729896 A1 DE 2729896A1 DE 19772729896 DE19772729896 DE 19772729896 DE 2729896 A DE2729896 A DE 2729896A DE 2729896 A1 DE2729896 A1 DE 2729896A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
xylitol
added
melt
weight
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19772729896
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Walter Brugger
Felix Voirol
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Original Assignee
F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by F Hoffmann La Roche AG filed Critical F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Publication of DE2729896A1 publication Critical patent/DE2729896A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/42Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/02Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
    • A23G3/0205Manufacture or treatment of liquids, pastes, creams, granules, shred or powder
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/02Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
    • A23G3/0236Shaping of liquid, paste, powder; Manufacture of moulded articles, e.g. modelling, moulding, calendering
    • A23G3/0252Apparatus in which the material is shaped at least partially in a mould, in the hollows of a surface, a drum, an endless band, or by a drop-by-drop casting or dispensing of the material on a surface, e.g. injection moulding, transfer moulding
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/32Processes for preparing caramel or sugar colours
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/38Sucrose-free products

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von Xylit enthaltenden Hartkaramellen.The present invention relates to a new process for the production of hard caramels containing xylitol.

Hartkaramellen der üblichen Art werden bekanntlich durch Einkochen von Saccharose-Glucosesirup-Lösungen bis auf einen Wassergehalt von etwa 1—3% unter Zugabe verschiedener Aromastoffe, von Zitronen-, Wein- oder Milchsäure, Milchbestandteilen, Honig, Malz oder anderen Zusätzen hergestellt. Solche Hartkaramellen zeichnen sich durch ein glasartiges Gefüge mit splitterigem Bruch aus. Reine Saccharose eignet sich bekanntlieh nicht zur Herstellung von Hartkaramellen, weshalb sie mit etwa 1/4 bis 1/5 vom Gewicht des Fertigproduktes mit Glucosesirup versetzt werden muss. Der Glucosesirup übernimmt hierbei die Rolle eines Kristallisationshemmers und ergibt im Endprodukt eine glasklare, amorphe und harte Masse. Reine Saccharose eignet sich aber auch dann nicht zur Herstellung von Hart-Hard caramels of the usual type are known to be boiled down from sucrose-glucose syrup solutions to one Water content of about 1–3% with the addition of various aromatic substances, from citric, tartaric or lactic acid, milk components, Honey, malt or other additives. Such hard caramels are characterized by a glass-like structure splintery break. As is well known, pure sucrose is not suitable for the production of hard caramels, which is why it is used with About 1/4 to 1/5 of the weight of the finished product must be mixed with glucose syrup. The glucose syrup takes over here the role of a crystallization inhibitor and results in a crystal clear, amorphous and hard mass in the end product. Pure sucrose But even then it is not suitable for the production of hard

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Cot/ 12.5.1977Cot / May 12, 1977

karamellen, wenn letztere nicht unbedingt glasklar sein sollen, sondern auch undurchsichtig sein können. Es muss also in jedem Fall Glucosesirup hinzugefügt werden.caramels, when the latter shouldn't necessarily be crystal clear, but can also be opaque. So it has to in each case glucose syrup can be added.

Wenn man nun, wie bereits vorgeschlagen wurde, bei der Herstellung von Hartkaramellen die Saccharose durch Xylit ersetzt, um damit nicht-kariogene Hartkaramellen zu erzeugen, treten praktisch die gleichen Schwierigkeiten wie im Zusammenhang mit der Saccharose auf, da eine Xylitschmelze, ähnlich wie Saccharose, nach dem Abkühlen zu einer brüchigen, den normalen Anforderungen an Hartkaramellen nicht gerechtwerdenden Masse auskristallisiert.If, as has already been suggested, the sucrose is replaced by xylitol in the production of hard caramels, in order to produce non-cariogenic hard caramels, practically the same difficulties arise as in connection with the sucrose, because a xylitol melt, similar to sucrose, turns into a brittle after cooling The mass that does not meet the normal requirements for hard caramels crystallizes out.

Da die Verwendung von Glucosesirup in Xylit-Hartkaramellen, wegen der hohen Cariogenität des Glucosesirups, ausgeschlossen ist, bestand ein Bedürfnis nach einem Verfahren für die Herstellung von Xylit enthaltenden Hartkaramellen, deren Konsistenz, mit Ausnahme des glasartig durchscheinenden Gefüges, allen Anforderungen, die an Hartkaramellen gestellt werden, genügt.Since the use of glucose syrup in xylitol hard caramels, because of the high cariogenicity of the glucose syrup, there was a need for a method for the production of xylitol containing hard caramels, their consistency, with the exception of the glass-like translucent Structure, all requirements that are placed on hard caramels are sufficient.

Erfindungsgemäss wurde dieses Problem nun dadurch gelöst, dass man einer Xylitschmelze, bei einer Temperatur von höchstens etwa der Schmelztemperatur des Xylit, Pulverxylit zusetzt.According to the invention, this problem has now been solved by that powder xylitol is added to a xylitol melt at a temperature of at most approximately the melting temperature of the xylitol.

Unter Pulverxylit ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu Pulver vermahlener Xylit zu verstehen, mit einer durchschnittlichen Korngrösse von etwa 40 bis etwa 150 μ, vorzugsweise von etwa 60 bis etwa 100 μ.In the context of the present invention, powder xylitol is understood to mean powdered xylitol with an average grain size of about 40 to about 150 μm, preferably of about 60 to about 100 μm.

Der Zusatz dieses Xylitpulvers zu der Schmelze erfolgt bei einer Temperatur, welche höchstens etwa dem Schmelzpunkt des Xylit entspricht, da das Pulver bei höherer Temperatur in der Schmelze ebenfalls schmelzen würde und der angestrebte Effekt somit nicht erzielt würde. Da Xylit, je nach Reinheit, bei etwa 93-95°C schmilzt, erfolgt der Zusatz des Pulverxylit bei höchstens dieser Temperatur, wobei ein Abweichen von 1 bisThis xylitol powder is added to the melt at a temperature which is at most about the melting point of the xylitol, since the powder would also melt at a higher temperature in the melt and the desired Effect would therefore not be achieved. Since xylitol melts at around 93-95 ° C, depending on its purity, the powder xylitol is added at a maximum of this temperature, with a deviation from 1 to

709882/0957709882/0957

2 C darüber noch nicht kritisch ist. Ebenfalls nicht kritisch ist der Zusatz bei einer tieferen Temperatur, solange noch eine Schmelze vorliegt.2 C above is not yet critical. The addition at a lower temperature is also not critical, as long as it is still a melt is present.

Die Menge an Pulverxylit, welche erfindungsgemäss der Xylitschmelze zugesetzt wird, beträgt zweckmässig von etwa 10 Gew.% bis etwa 30 Gew.%, vorzugsweise von etwa 15 Gew.% bis etwa 25 Gew.% und insbesondere von etwa 20 Gew.% bis etwa 25 Gew.%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Karamellmasse.The amount of powder xylitol which according to the invention Xylitol melt is added, is expediently from about 10% by weight to about 30% by weight, preferably from about 15% by weight to about 25% by weight and in particular from about 20% by weight to about 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the caramel mass.

Bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird zweckmässig so vorgegangen, dass man kristallinen Xylit in einem geeigneten Gefäss, wie etwa einem Bonbonkocher, bis zum Schmelzpunkt erhitzt, der Schmelze dann unter Rühren den Pulverxylit zusetzt und die erhaltene Masse in an sich bekannter Weise in Formen giesst und erstarren lässt, wobei der zur Speisung der Giessformen über den Füllstutzen installierte Fülltrichter zweckmässig mit einer Mantelheizung mit Thermostat und einem Intensivrührwerk ausgestattet ist.When carrying out the method according to the invention it is advisable to proceed in such a way that crystalline xylitol is placed in a suitable container, such as a candy cooker, Heated to the melting point, then the powder xylite is added to the melt with stirring and the resulting mass in itself known way pours in molds and solidifies, the installed to feed the molds over the filler neck Filling funnel is expediently equipped with jacket heating with a thermostat and an intensive agitator.

Hierbei können der Schmelze auch noch übliche Zusatzstoffe, beispielsweise Fruchtsäuren, in Mengen von etwa 0,3 bis etwa 3%, beispielsweise Zitronensäure in einer Menge von etwa 1% zugesetzt werden. Ferner können noch gewisse Salze zum Zwecke der Geschmacksabrundung zugesetzt werden, wie beispielsweise Natriumeitrat, Alkalimetallphosphate wie z.B. Natriumphosphat, oder Tartrate wie z.B. Natriumtartrat. Als weitere Zusatzstoffe kommen Aromastoffe, wie beispielsweise Orangen-, Zitronen-, Himbeer- oder dergleichen Aromen in Betracht, wobei vorzugsweise Aromastoffe zugesetzt werden, welche den kühlenden Effekt von Xylit noch verstärken, wie beispielsweise Menthol, Zitronenaromen und dergleichen. Schliesslich können auch noch künstliche oder natürliche Farbstoffe zugesetzt werden, wie etwa Azo-Farbstoffe oder Carotinoide wie z.B. (3-Carotin, Canthaxanthin und dergleichen. Die Gesamtmenge an Zusatzstoffen sollte jedoch zweckmässig etwa 3 Gew.% nicht übersteigen. Weiterhin ist es möglich, der Schmelze bis zu 10 Gew.% SorbitHere, the melt can also contain conventional additives, for example fruit acids, in amounts of about 0.3 to about 3%, for example citric acid in an amount of about 1%. Furthermore, certain salts can also be used For the purpose of rounding off the taste, such as Sodium citrate, alkali metal phosphates such as sodium phosphate, or tartrates such as sodium tartrate. As another Additives are flavorings, such as orange, lemon, raspberry or the like flavors, wherein preferably flavoring substances are added which intensify the cooling effect of xylitol, such as menthol, Lemon flavors and the like. Finally, artificial or natural dyes can also be added, such as for example azo dyes or carotenoids such as (3-carotene, Canthaxanthin and the like. However, the total amount of additives should not expediently exceed about 3% by weight. It is also possible to add up to 10% by weight of sorbitol to the melt

709882/0957709882/0957

oder Mannit zuzusetzen, ohne dass die Erstarrungszeit wesentlich verlängert wird.or to add mannitol without the solidification time being significantly extended.

Sofern die Zugabe eines oder mehrerer der vorhergehend erwähnten Zusätze in Form einer wässrigen Lösung oder Suspension erfolgt, erfolgt dies zweckmässig vor der Zugabe des Pulverxylit zu der Schmelze. Hierbei kann die Temperatur der Schmelze ohne weiteres auf eine Temperatur oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Xylit gebracht werden, z.B. auf etwa 110-130°C, sodass das zugesetzte Wasser leicht wieder entfernt werden kann. Anschliessend und vor der Zugabe des Pulverxylit muss die Schmelze jedoch wieder abgekühlt und auf die bereits vorhergehend erwähnte Temperatur gebracht werden.If the addition of one or more of the aforementioned additives in the form of an aqueous solution or suspension takes place, this is expediently done before the addition of the powder xylitol to the melt. Here, the temperature of the The melt can easily be brought to a temperature above the melting point of the xylitol, e.g. to about 110-130 ° C, so that the added water can be easily removed again. Then and before the addition of the powder xylitol however, the melt must be cooled down again and brought to the temperature mentioned above.

709882/0957709882/0957

- Je'- - each'-

Beispielexample

100 kg kristalliner Xylit und 1 kg kristalline Citronensäure werden in einem offenen Bonbonkocher auf 120 C erhitzt. Sobald das Gemisch geschmolzen ist, werden der Schmelze 200 ml /3-Carotin 10% wasserlöslich zugefügt. Das zur Suspension des 0-Carotins benötigte Wasser wird durch Umrühren während einigen Minuten vollständig verdampft. Hierauf werden 300 ml Orangenaroma unter weiterem Rühren zugesetzt. Anschliessend wird das Gemisch auf 90°C abgekühlt. Bei dieser Temperatur werden unter Rühren 24 kg Pulverxylit zugefügt. Die Endmasse, die während des Umrührens konstant auf 90°C gehalten wird, hat eine derartige Viskosität, dass sie sich leicht in kleine, in Form und Grosse Karamellen entsprechende Formen giessen lässt und bei Zimmertemperatur nach etwa 1 Minute erstarrt.100 kg of crystalline xylitol and 1 kg of crystalline citric acid are heated to 120 C in an open candy cooker. As soon as the mixture has melted, 200 ml / 3-carotene 10% soluble in water are added to the melt. The suspension of the The water required for 0-carotene is completely evaporated by stirring for a few minutes. 300 ml Orange flavor added with continued stirring. The mixture is then cooled to 90.degree. At this temperature 24 kg of powder xylitol are added with stirring. The final mass, which is kept constant at 90 ° C. while stirring, has such a viscosity that it can be easily poured into small molds corresponding to the shape and size of caramels and solidified after about 1 minute at room temperature.

Die Lagerfähigkeit derart hergestellter Bonbons ist gut und es lässt sich keine Hygroskopizität bei 25 C und 50% relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit in gasdurchlässiger Verpackung feststellen. The shelf life of sweets produced in this way is good and there is no hygroscopicity at 25 C and 50% determine the relative humidity in gas-permeable packaging.

709882/0957709882/0957

ORIGINAL INSPECTEDORIGINAL INSPECTED

Claims (3)

PatentansprücheClaims 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Xylit enthaltenden Hartkaramellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man einer Xylitschmelze, bei einer Temperatur von höchstens etwa dem Schmelzpunkt von Xylit, Pulverxylit zusetzt.1. A process for the production of xylitol containing hard caramels, characterized in that a xylitol melt, powder xylitol is added at a temperature of at most about the melting point of xylitol. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that dass man den Pulverxylit bei einer Temperatur von höchstens 96°C zusetzt.that the powder xylitol is added at a temperature not exceeding 96 ° C. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den Pulverxylit in einer Menge von etwa 10 bis etwa 30 Gew.%, vorzugsweise von etwa 15 bis etwa 25 Gew.% und insbesondere in einer Menge von etwa 20 bis etwa 25 Gew.%, bezogen auf die Gesamtkaramellmasse, zusetzt.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the powder xylitol in an amount of about 10 to about 30% by weight, preferably from about 15 to about 25% by weight and in particular in an amount from about 20 to about 25% by weight, based on the total caramel mass, added. 709882/0 957709882/0 957 ORiGINAL INSPECTEDORiGINAL INSPECTED
DE19772729896 1976-07-06 1977-07-01 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HARD CARAMELS Withdrawn DE2729896A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH863376A CH623995A5 (en) 1976-07-06 1976-07-06 Process for producing hard caramels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2729896A1 true DE2729896A1 (en) 1978-01-12

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ID=4342874

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DE19772729896 Withdrawn DE2729896A1 (en) 1976-07-06 1977-07-01 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HARD CARAMELS

Country Status (14)

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JP (1) JPS6019975B2 (en)
AT (1) AT364683B (en)
BE (1) BE856474A (en)
CA (1) CA1080025A (en)
CH (1) CH623995A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2729896A1 (en)
DK (1) DK302777A (en)
FI (1) FI61265C (en)
FR (1) FR2357185A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1583573A (en)
IT (1) IT1080657B (en)
NL (1) NL7707429A (en)
NO (1) NO146656C (en)
SE (1) SE421989B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2912411A1 (en) * 1979-03-29 1980-10-02 Storck August Kg SUGAR-FREE CONFECTIONERY BASED ON XYLITE AND SORBITE

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0284747A3 (en) * 1987-02-17 1990-07-11 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Formulation of lactitol-containing food
FR2635440B1 (en) * 1988-08-18 1992-08-14 Gen Foods France PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF POLYOL-BASED CONFECTIONERY
FI85795C (en) * 1990-10-18 1992-06-10 Huhtamaeki Oy Process for the preparation of a hard essentially sugar alcohol and pure xylitol containing sweetener product
FR2706737B1 (en) * 1993-06-24 1995-08-25 Roquette Freres
FR2714796B1 (en) * 1994-01-10 1996-03-08 Roquette Freres Grainy confectionery and method of manufacturing said confectionery.
JPH0947222A (en) * 1995-08-09 1997-02-18 Pola Chem Ind Inc Candy with new palate feeling
GB0312477D0 (en) * 2003-05-30 2003-07-09 Mars Inc Process for the production of confectionery products
JP4563077B2 (en) * 2004-05-28 2010-10-13 株式会社ロッテ Candy and method for producing the same
CN102028176A (en) * 2009-10-01 2011-04-27 悠哈味觉糖有限公司 Food ingredient having milk taste-enhancing action, production method thereof, method of enhancing milk taste of food or seasoning and milk taste-enhanced milk-based hard candy
CN101803663B (en) * 2010-04-23 2014-10-15 山东蜜福堂食品有限公司 Sugar alcohol crystal cool sugar-free candy and preparation method thereof

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2040999A1 (en) * 1969-08-22 1971-03-04 Hoffmann La Roche Use of a carbohydrate

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1299990B (en) * 1965-03-20 1969-07-24 Maizena Werke Gmbh Deutsche Process for making durable fondant mass
US3438787A (en) * 1967-03-09 1969-04-15 Atlas Chem Ind Sugarless confection

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2040999A1 (en) * 1969-08-22 1971-03-04 Hoffmann La Roche Use of a carbohydrate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DE-Z: Süßwaren, 1977, H. 19, S. 586-590 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2912411A1 (en) * 1979-03-29 1980-10-02 Storck August Kg SUGAR-FREE CONFECTIONERY BASED ON XYLITE AND SORBITE
EP0017184A2 (en) * 1979-03-29 1980-10-15 August Storck Kg Sugarfree sweetmeat on the basis of sorbitol, xylitol and of a sugarfree swelling agent and process for its production
EP0017184A3 (en) * 1979-03-29 1981-05-27 August Storck Kg Tough plastic sugarfree sweetmeat on the basis of sorbitol and of a sugarfree swelling agent, process for its production and its use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1080657B (en) 1985-05-16
AT364683B (en) 1981-11-10
JPS6019975B2 (en) 1985-05-18
FI771884A (en) 1978-01-07
DK302777A (en) 1978-01-07
FI61265C (en) 1982-07-12
BE856474A (en) 1978-01-05
FR2357185A1 (en) 1978-02-03
GB1583573A (en) 1981-01-28
SE7707903L (en) 1978-01-07
CH623995A5 (en) 1981-07-15
FI61265B (en) 1982-03-31
NO772393L (en) 1978-01-09
ATA478377A (en) 1979-02-15
NO146656B (en) 1982-08-09
NL7707429A (en) 1978-01-10
NO146656C (en) 1982-11-17
SE421989B (en) 1982-02-15
FR2357185B1 (en) 1982-12-31
CA1080025A (en) 1980-06-24
JPS536463A (en) 1978-01-20

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