DE2724536A1 - RIBBON OR FLAT CABLES WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS - Google Patents
RIBBON OR FLAT CABLES WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTSInfo
- Publication number
- DE2724536A1 DE2724536A1 DE19772724536 DE2724536A DE2724536A1 DE 2724536 A1 DE2724536 A1 DE 2724536A1 DE 19772724536 DE19772724536 DE 19772724536 DE 2724536 A DE2724536 A DE 2724536A DE 2724536 A1 DE2724536 A1 DE 2724536A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ribbon
- soft
- optical transmission
- transmission elements
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100447160 Caenorhabditis elegans frg-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminosalicylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1 WUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4403—Optical cables with ribbon structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F7/00—Indoor games using small moving playing bodies, e.g. balls, discs or blocks
- A63F7/02—Indoor games using small moving playing bodies, e.g. balls, discs or blocks using falling playing bodies or playing bodies running on an inclined surface, e.g. pinball games
- A63F7/025—Pinball games, e.g. flipper games
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A63F7/00—Indoor games using small moving playing bodies, e.g. balls, discs or blocks
- A63F7/22—Accessories; Details
- A63F7/24—Devices controlled by the player to project or roll-off the playing bodies
- A63F7/2409—Apparatus for projecting the balls
- A63F7/2481—Apparatus for projecting the balls with a projection mechanism actuated by a spring or other elastic member
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Description
'■"His?·'■ "His? ·
SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT unser ZeichenSIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT our mark
Berlin und München 2j VPA 77 ρ 6 6 3 4 BRDBerlin and Munich 2j VPA 77 ρ 6 6 3 4 FRG
Sie Erfindung betrifft ein Band- oder Flachkabel, bei dem faserförmige optische Übertragungselemente zueinander parallel verlaufend angeordnet und miteinander verklebt sind.You invention relates to a ribbon or flat cable, in the fibrous optical transmission elements are arranged to run parallel to one another and are glued to one another.
Für viele Anwendungsfälle sind Flachleitungen besonders zweckmäßig. Die bekannten Ausführungsformen werden durch Kalandrieren bzw. laminieren, durch Extrudieren oder dergleichen hergestellt. Diese Verfahren sind zwar bei Kabeln mit metallenen Leitern vorteilhaft anwendbar, bei Einbau von Lichtwellenleitern aber ergeben sich Schwierigkeiten, da diese Herstellungsverfahren in den Lichtwellenleitern mechanische Spannungen erzeugen, die zum Beispiel zu einer Erhöhung der Übertragungsdämpfung führen. Auch die Gefahr des Fas er braches ist verhältnismäßig hoch. Zudem enthalten Extrudate im allgemeinen Orientierungsspannungen, die zur Entstehung unerwünschter Einwirkungen von Kräften auf die Glasfasern führen können.Flat cables are particularly useful for many applications. The known embodiments are produced by calendering or laminating, by extrusion or the like. Although these methods can be used advantageously for cables with metal conductors, they result when optical waveguides are installed Difficulties arise because these manufacturing processes generate mechanical stresses in the optical waveguides that lead to Example lead to an increase in the transmission loss. The danger of breaking the barrel is also relatively high. Also included Extrudates in general orientational stresses that lead to Development of undesirable effects of forces on the glass fibers can lead.
Es sind nach der Art einer Bandleitung aufgebaute optische Kabel bekannt, bei denen nebeneinander angeordnete, parallel verlaufende Glasfasern zwischen zwei miteinander verklebten oder verschweißten Folien eingebettet sind. Die Folien dienen als Träger für die optischen Übertragungselemente, die in Form dieser Bandleitungen zum Kabel weiterverarbeitet werden; beispielsweise werden sie achsparallel oder wendelförmig auf eine Kabelseele aufgebracht oder zu einem Rohr geformt als VerseilelementOptical cables constructed in the manner of a ribbon line are known in which parallel cables are arranged next to one another Glass fibers are embedded between two films that are glued or welded together. The foils serve as a carrier for the optical transmission elements, which are further processed into cables in the form of these ribbon cables; for example they are axially parallel or helical on a cable core applied or formed into a tube as a stranding element
Rn 1 PhI / 26.5.1977 - 2 -Rn 1 PhI / May 26, 1977 - 2 -
809850/0074809850/0074
77 P 6 6 3 4 BRD77 P 6 6 3 4 FRG
in eine Kabelseele oder Verseillage eingelegt (DT-OS 2 314 313, 2 424 041 und 2 355 854). 2724536inserted in a cable core or stranded layer (DT-OS 2 314 313, 2 424 041 and 2 355 854). 2724536
Es ist bekannt, faseroptische Bänder mit Einzelfasern freitragend auszubilden, wobei die Einzelfasern durch Klebemittel mit einander verklebt sind und das Klebemittel den Halt für das faseroptische Band darstellt. Solche faseroptische Bänder besitzen zwar eine geringe Bandstärke und eine gute Flexibilität. Sie sind aber bruchanfällig. Um diese Mängel zu beseitigen, hat man dieIt is known to design fiber optic tapes with individual fibers in a self-supporting manner, the individual fibers with adhesive are glued together and the adhesive is the support for the fiber optic tape. Have such fiber optic ribbons although a low band thickness and good flexibility. But they are prone to breakage. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, one has the durch Klebemittel zu einem faseroptischen Band zusammengefügten Einzelfasern auf mindestens einem bandförmigen Träger angeordnet (DT-OS 1 572 857). Der bandförmige Träger kann aus Metall-, Kunststoff-, Papierfolie oder dergleichen bestehen. Infolge dieser Verbindung mit der Unterlage besteht die Gefahr, daß beim BiegenIndividual fibers joined together by adhesive to form a fiber-optic tape are arranged on at least one tape-shaped carrier (DT-OS 1 572 857). The band-shaped carrier can consist of metal, plastic, paper or the like. As a result of this connection with the base there is a risk that when bending des Bandkabels eine starke Belastung, insbesondere Zugbelastung der Lichtwellenleiter auftritt.of the ribbon cable, a heavy load, in particular tensile load on the optical waveguides, occurs.
Auch lose oder fest umhüllte Lichtwellenleiter können für bestimmte Anwendungszwecke zu Bandkabeln zusammengefügt werden. DaLoose or tightly sheathed optical waveguides can also be joined together to form ribbon cables for certain purposes. There die Adern hierbei gemeinsam fest eingehüllt werden, können sich durch einen Spritz- oder Laminierprozeß unerwünschte Rückwirkungen auf den Lichtwellenleiter ergeben, die zu DämpfungserhÖhungen oder sogar zum Bruch der Lichtwellenleiterfasern führen. Insbesondere die nötig werdende Wiedererwärmung während der Extrusionthe cores are firmly encased together in this case, undesirable effects on the optical waveguide can result from a spraying or lamination process, leading to increased attenuation or even lead to breakage of the optical waveguide fibers. In particular, the necessary reheating during the extrusion oder Verletzung der gemeinsamen Hülle entfestigt darunter liegende feste Umhüllungen der Fasern oder bringt bloße Umhüllungen zum Recken oder zum Schrumpfen.or damage to the common sheath loosens underlying solid sheaths of the fibers or brings about bare sheaths Stretching or shrinking.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht nun darin, einen Aufbau für ein Bandkabel mit faserförmigen optischen übertragungselementen zu schaffen, bei dem während der Herstellungeprozesse jegliche thermische oder mechanische Belastung der Lichtwellenleiter-Fasern ausgeschaltet wird.The object on which the invention is based now consists in creating a structure for a ribbon cable with fiber-shaped optical transmission elements in which any thermal or mechanical load on the optical waveguide fibers is eliminated during the production processes.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird bei dem Band- oder Flachkabel nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Fasern mit einer lose oder fest sitzenden Schutzhülle aus Kunststoff oder Glas und einer darüberThe task at hand is the ribbon or flat cable according to the Invention achieved in that the fibers with a loose or tightly fitting protective cover made of plastic or glass and one over it
809850/0074809850/0074
-P--P-
liegenden Hülle aus weich bleibendem Kunststoff versehen sind und daß die Pasern über die weich bleibende Hülle miteinander verbunden sind. Die Verbindung der weich bleibenden Hülle kann mittels ΙΠρρβτοττ oder an oh ι Vmitxeis Anlösen des weich bleibenden Hüllenmaterials erfolgen.lying cover are provided made of plastic that remains soft and that the fibers are connected to one another via the cover that remains soft. The connection of the shell which remains soft can be carried out by means of Πρρβτοττ or an oh ι Vmitxeis dissolving of the shell material which remains soft.
Serartige Kabel können in der Weise hergestellt werden, daß die lose oder fest umhüllten Pasern im gleichen oder in einem getrennten Arbeitsgang zusätzlich mit zum Beispiel Weich-Polyvinylchlorid-Hüllen versehen werden, die in an sich bekannter Weise miteinander verklebt werden können. Bei diesem Verfahren entfallen thermische Einwirkungen auf die Lichtwellenleiter-Fasern fast völlig und wahrend der Herstellung auftretende Bremskräfte können in erträglichen Grenzen gehalten werden.Ser-like cables can be manufactured in such a way that the loose or tightly wrapped fibers are additionally provided with, for example, soft polyvinyl chloride sheaths in the same or in a separate operation, in a manner known per se can be glued together. With this method, there are no thermal effects on the optical waveguide fibers Braking forces occurring almost completely during manufacture can be kept within tolerable limits.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated below using an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch ein Bandkabel, welches aus nebeneinander angeordneten Lichtwellenleiter-Elementen besteht. Der Aufbau eines solchen Lichtwellenleiter-Elementes zeigt dieFigure 1 shows a cross section through a ribbon cable, which from optical waveguide elements arranged next to one another. The structure of such an optical waveguide element is shown in Lichtwellenleiter-Paser 1, die hler im Ausführungsbeispiel als fest sitzend angenommene Schutzhülle 2 aus Kunststoff oder Glas und die darüber angeordnete Hülle 3 aus weich bleibendem Kunststoff. In den Berührungsbereichen 4 sind die nebeneinander angeordneten optischen Übertragungselemente miteinander verklebt, zumOptical waveguide Paser 1, which in the exemplary embodiment as firmly seated protective cover 2 made of plastic or glass and the cover 3 arranged over it made of plastic that remains soft. In the contact areas 4, the juxtaposed optical transmission elements are glued to one another, for
In Figur 2 ist eine Prinzipskizze einer Anlage für die Herstellung einer Lichtwellenleiter-Plachleitung gezeigt. Die umhüllten Lichtwellenleiter 5 sind auf der Ablaufspule 6 aufgetrommelt und wer-In Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a plant for the production a fiber optic flat cable shown. The encased optical waveguides 5 are reeled onto the pay-off reel 6 and are
$0 den zu den Klebeauftragswalzen bzw. zum Lösungsmittelbad 7 gefördert, von wo aus sie durch die Kalibrierstrecke 8 gelangen. In dieser Strecke sind Kalanderwalzen 9, vorzugsweise mit entsprechenden Rillen, vorgesehen, welche die so vorbehandelten Lichtwellenleiterelemente 5 in einen parallelen Verlauf einord$ 0 are conveyed to the adhesive application rollers or to the solvent bath 7, from where they pass through the calibration section 8. In calender rolls 9, preferably with corresponding grooves, are provided on this route, which the so pretreated Optical waveguide elements 5 einord in a parallel course nen und an den Klebestellen 4 in gegepseitige Berührung bringen. Die zu einem Band zusammengefügten Lichtwellenleiter gelangen dann in die Trockenstrecke 10, in der sie zum Beispiel mittelsand bring them into mutual contact at the adhesive points 4. The optical waveguides, which are joined together to form a band, then reach the drying section 10, in which they are, for example, by means of
809850/0074809850/0074
77 P6 63Ί BRD -j* - ^ 77 P6 63Ί BRD -j * - ^
Strahlung oder mittels Trockenluft beaufschlagt werden. Ober die Abzugstrommel 11 gelangt das fertige Bandkabel schließlich auf den Aufwickler 12.Radiation or by means of dry air can be applied. About the Withdrawal drum 11 finally arrives at the finished ribbon cable the rewinder 12.
3 Patentansprüche 2 Figuren3 claims 2 figures
809850/0074 - 5 -809850/0074 - 5 -
LeerseiteBlank page
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772724536 DE2724536A1 (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1977-05-31 | RIBBON OR FLAT CABLES WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
| GB10626/78A GB1578680A (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-03-17 | Ribbon-type cables |
| FR7815239A FR2393327A1 (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-05-23 | FLAT OR RIBBON-SHAPED CABLE WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
| JP6212078A JPS53149042A (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-05-24 | Ribbon or flat cable on which fiber optical transmission elements are arranged paralelly and fixed mutually |
| IT23862/78A IT1095836B (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-05-26 | RIBBON CABLE OR FLAT CABLE WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
| NL7805818A NL7805818A (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-05-29 | TIRE OR RIBBON CABLE WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS. |
| AT388278A AT354774B (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-05-29 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A RIBBON OR FLAT CABLE WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
| LU79724A LU79724A1 (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-05-29 | RIBBON OR FLAT CABLES WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
| DK239878A DK239878A (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-05-30 | RIBBON OR FLAT CABLE WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
| BE188214A BE867679A (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | FLAT OR RIBBON-SHAPED CABLE WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772724536 DE2724536A1 (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1977-05-31 | RIBBON OR FLAT CABLES WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2724536A1 true DE2724536A1 (en) | 1978-12-14 |
Family
ID=6010310
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772724536 Withdrawn DE2724536A1 (en) | 1977-05-31 | 1977-05-31 | RIBBON OR FLAT CABLES WITH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION ELEMENTS |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53149042A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT354774B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE867679A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2724536A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK239878A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2393327A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1578680A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1095836B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU79724A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7805818A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0262340A2 (en) * | 1986-08-05 | 1988-04-06 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Optical ribbon cable with multiple elements |
| DE3840353A1 (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1990-06-07 | Rheydt Kabelwerk Ag | Buffered optical fibre |
| DE4237676C1 (en) * | 1992-11-07 | 1994-02-10 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Fibre=optic cable e.g. for local area network - consists of sheathed cores and supporting strands of equal dia. held together by readily breakable strips in plastics tube |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2435432A1 (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1980-04-04 | Comp Generale Electricite | Ribbon or tape forming device, e.g. for optical fibres - winds fibres around drum and cuts them across the spirals |
| GB2127578B (en) * | 1982-09-23 | 1985-09-04 | Bicc Plc | Am improved optical fibre ribbon structure |
| NL8403629A (en) * | 1984-05-23 | 1985-12-16 | Philips Nv | OPTICAL TAPE CABLE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT AND AN OPTICAL CABLE COMPOSED OF SEVERAL TAPE CABLES. |
| GB8506499D0 (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1985-04-17 | Telephone Cables Ltd | Optical fibre assemblies/cables |
| GB8524484D0 (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1985-11-06 | Stc Plc | Optical fibre cable |
| GB8531673D0 (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1986-02-05 | Telephone Cables Ltd | Optical fibre units |
| DE3883851T2 (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1994-01-05 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Coating for optical fiber tape. |
| US6584257B1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2003-06-24 | Corning Cable Systems, Llc | Fiber optic assembly and method of making same |
| US7194168B2 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2007-03-20 | Nexans | Tight buffer optical fiber ribbon |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3544192A (en) * | 1968-02-29 | 1970-12-01 | Decitron Communication Systems | Shaped energy transmission arrays |
| US3718515A (en) * | 1970-06-29 | 1973-02-27 | Decicom Syst Inc | Process for manufacturing shaped energy transmission arrays |
| FR2336026A1 (en) * | 1973-04-06 | 1977-07-15 | Labinal | Self-adhesive industrial wiring harness - with common support band to which sheet of wires is adhered |
| GB1425928A (en) * | 1972-11-10 | 1976-02-25 | Bicc Ltd | Optical guides |
| DE2606777A1 (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1977-09-01 | Siemens Ag | RIBBON OR FLAT CABLES |
-
1977
- 1977-05-31 DE DE19772724536 patent/DE2724536A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1978
- 1978-03-17 GB GB10626/78A patent/GB1578680A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-23 FR FR7815239A patent/FR2393327A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-05-24 JP JP6212078A patent/JPS53149042A/en active Pending
- 1978-05-26 IT IT23862/78A patent/IT1095836B/en active
- 1978-05-29 NL NL7805818A patent/NL7805818A/en active Search and Examination
- 1978-05-29 AT AT388278A patent/AT354774B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-29 LU LU79724A patent/LU79724A1/en unknown
- 1978-05-30 DK DK239878A patent/DK239878A/en unknown
- 1978-05-31 BE BE188214A patent/BE867679A/en unknown
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0262340A2 (en) * | 1986-08-05 | 1988-04-06 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Optical ribbon cable with multiple elements |
| EP0262340A3 (en) * | 1986-08-05 | 1990-05-02 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited | Optical ribbon cable with multiple elements |
| DE3840353A1 (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1990-06-07 | Rheydt Kabelwerk Ag | Buffered optical fibre |
| DE4237676C1 (en) * | 1992-11-07 | 1994-02-10 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Fibre=optic cable e.g. for local area network - consists of sheathed cores and supporting strands of equal dia. held together by readily breakable strips in plastics tube |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2393327A1 (en) | 1978-12-29 |
| NL7805818A (en) | 1978-12-04 |
| DK239878A (en) | 1978-12-01 |
| AT354774B (en) | 1980-01-25 |
| IT1095836B (en) | 1985-08-17 |
| GB1578680A (en) | 1980-11-05 |
| ATA388278A (en) | 1979-06-15 |
| BE867679A (en) | 1978-09-18 |
| LU79724A1 (en) | 1978-11-28 |
| JPS53149042A (en) | 1978-12-26 |
| IT7823862A0 (en) | 1978-05-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |