DE271825C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE271825C DE271825C DENDAT271825D DE271825DA DE271825C DE 271825 C DE271825 C DE 271825C DE NDAT271825 D DENDAT271825 D DE NDAT271825D DE 271825D A DE271825D A DE 271825DA DE 271825 C DE271825 C DE 271825C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- water
- resinous
- condensation
- cement
- plaster
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 gypsum Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036826 Excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003284 Horns Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036462 Unbound Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012262 resinous product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/36—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes condensation products of phenols with aldehydes or ketones
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING
JCLASSE 21c. GRUPPEJCLASSE 21c. GROUP
von Phenolen und Aldehyden.of phenols and aldehydes.
Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 19. November 1911 ab.Patented in the German Empire on November 19, 1911.
Für diese Anmeldung ist bei der Prüfung gemäß dem Unionsvertrage vomFor this registration, the examination according to the Union Treaty of
20. März 1883March 20, 1883
die Prioritätthe priority
14. Dezember 1900 auf Grund der Anmeldung in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika vom 21. November 1910 anerkannt.Recognized on December 14, 1900 on the basis of its registration in the United States of America on November 21, 1910.
Es ist bekannt, z. B. durch das amerikanische Patent 942699, eine isolierende Masse aus Kondensationsprodukten von Phenolen und Aldehyden herzustellen, wobei man zuerst unter Zusatz von Säuren oder Salzen, welche die Kondensation beschleunigen, eine aus Wasser und einer zähflüssigen Masse bestehende Substanz erhält, bei weiterer Kondensation ' der letzteren unter Druck ein nicht schmelzbares, aber erweichbares Material, das den Charakter und das Aussehen natürlicher Harze besitzt. In der genannten amerikanischen Patentschrift ist weiter beschrieben, daß man durch Vermischung dieses harzförmigen Produktes mit mineralischen Füllstoffen verschiedenster Art (wie bei der Herstellung einer Gummimischung) Materialien von verschiedenen Eigenschaften erhalten kann. Die weitere Verarbeitung dieser Mischungen hat in der Weise zu erfolgen, daß das Material hoher Temperatur und hohem Druck ausgesetzt wird, da unter diesen Umständen das harzige Vorprodukt in ein weder schmelzbares noch erweichbares Endprodukt übergeht. Das harzige oder doch schmelzbare Endprodukt enthielt noch chemisch gebunden - Wasser, das durch Salze oder Zusatz von Säuren nicht mehr entfernt werden konnte; erst bei der weiteren Kondensation unter Druck und bei hoher Temperatur wird dieses frei. Da. aber diese weitere Kondensation in Formen vor sich geht, kann das dabei frei werdende Wasser nicht entfernt werden, sondern bleibt im Innern der Formstücke ungebunden zurück und veranlaßt die Bildung von Poren und Blasen in der Mischung, welche ihren Wert als elektrisches Isoliermaterial herabsetzen.It is known e.g. B. by the American Patent 942699 to produce an insulating mass from condensation products of phenols and aldehydes, whereby one first with the addition of acids or salts, which accelerate the condensation, one made of water and a viscous mass of existing substance receives, with further condensation 'the latter a non-meltable, but softenable material under pressure, which the Has the character and appearance of natural resins. In the said American Patent is further described that by mixing this resinous product with various types of mineral fillers (such as in the production of a Rubber compound) materials of different properties can be obtained. The other Processing of these mixtures has to be done in such a way that the material is higher Temperature and high pressure is exposed, as in these circumstances the resinous The intermediate product turns into a final product that cannot be melted or softened. The resinous one or at least it contained fusible end product still chemically bound - water that was not produced by salts or the addition of acids more could be removed; only with the further condensation under pressure and with high temperature this becomes free. There. but this further condensation in forms before goes away, the water that is released cannot be removed, but remains in the Inside the molded pieces back unbound and causes the formation of pores and bubbles in the mixture, which is its value degrade as electrical insulating material.
Die Ausscheidung von mikroskopischen Wasserteilchen setzt sich sogar noch fort, wenn das Preßstück schon die Form verlassen hat und in Gebrauch genommen worden ist, da nicht alle Moleküle in den Endzustand übergeführt worden sind, und infolgedessen noch an der Luft Feuchtigkeit, wenn auch in geringsten Mengen, ausscheiden. Diese Feuchtigkeit führt, sobald die Salze der Luft hinzutreten, zu elektrolytischen Zerstörungen des Materials. Ein Isolationsmaterial, welches auf diese Weise noch nachträglichen Änderungen ausgesetzt ist, also altert, ist jedoch für elektrische Zwecke nicht brauchbar.The excretion of microscopic water particles even continues when that Pressed piece has already left the mold and has been put into use because it has not all molecules have been converted to the final state, and consequently still at the Air excrete moisture, albeit in very small quantities. This moisture leads as soon as the salts of the air enter, electrolytic destruction of the material. A Insulation material, which in this way is still exposed to subsequent changes is, that is, it ages, but cannot be used for electrical purposes.
Diesen Nachteilen, die früher nicht erkannt waren, zu begegnen, ist Zweck der Erfindung. Sie besteht darin, daß das bei der Überführung des harzigen oder schmelzbaren in das unschmelzbare Produkt frei werdende Wasser zwar nicht entfernt, aber gebunden und chemisch unwirksam gemacht wird.The aim of the invention is to counteract these disadvantages, which were not previously recognized. It consists in the fact that when the resinous or fusible is converted into the Infusible product released water is not removed, but bound and is made chemically ineffective.
Zu diesem Zwecke werden dem harzigen oder schmelzbaren Kondensationsprodukt, ab-For this purpose, the resinous or fusible condensation product, ab-
gesehen von beliebigen Füllmitteln, hygroskopische Stoffe zugesetzt, welche die im Innern oder an der Oberfläche sich absondernde Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen und chemisch binden. Als solche Stoffe kommen Zement und Gips, jedoch auch andere gleichartige Mittel in Betracht. Sie verhindern, da sie das sich ausscheidende Wasser sofort aufnehmen, die schädliche Bildung von Blasen und die nachträgliehe elektrolytische Zersetzung der in Formen gepreßten Stücke. >seen from any filler, hygroscopic substances added to the inside or absorb moisture and chemically bind it on the surface. Cement and plaster of paris can be considered as such substances, but also other similar agents. As they immediately absorb the water that is excreted, they prevent the harmful Formation of bubbles and the subsequent electrolytic decomposition of the molds pressed pieces. >
Zwar sind in der mehrfach genannten amerikanischen Patentschrift unter den Füllmitteln, von denen 31 Stoffe benannt sind, auch Zement und Calciumsulfat, also Gips, aufgeführt, jedoch nach dem Wortlaut der Beschreibung zweifellos nur als als indifferente Zusatzstoffe. Es fehlte die Erkenntnis, daß gerade diese wasserbindenden Stoffe notwendig sind, um das sich ausscheidende Wasser aufzunehmen. Denn von irgendwelchen spezifischen Wirkungen des Zements oder des Gipses ist nichts erwähnt ; diese Stoffe stehen neben Graphit, Horn, Talkum, also beliebigen Füllmaterialien.It is true that among the fillers in the American patent mentioned several times, 31 of which are named, including cement and calcium sulphate, i.e. gypsum, however according to the wording of the description undoubtedly only as indifferent additives. There was a lack of knowledge that precisely these water-binding substances are necessary in order to to absorb the excreted water. Because of any specific effects nothing is mentioned of cement or plaster; these substances stand next to graphite, Horn, talc, so any filling material.
Von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist ferner, daß die wasserbindenden Mittel nicht in beliebigen Mengen zugesetzt werden; bei zu geringem Prozentsatz würde nicht alles Wasser gebunden werden, bei einem Überschuß der Stoffe würde nichtabgebundener Zement oder Gips verbleiben und das ganze Material hygroskopisch machen. In der amerikanischen Patentschrift ist schon deswegen auf die vollkommene Entfernung des Wassers beim Fertigpressen keine Rücksicht genommen, weil die Herstellung elektrisch isolierender Produkte nicht als Hauptzweck beabsichtigt war.It is also essential that the water-binding agents not in any Quantities are added; if the percentage is too low, not all of the water would be bound If there is an excess of the substances, cement or plaster of paris would remain and the entire material would become hygroscopic do. For this reason alone, the American patent is perfect Removal of the water during the final pressing was not taken into account because the production electrically insulating products was not intended as a primary purpose.
Das vorliegende Verfahren ermöglicht daher erst die praktische Verwendung der Kondensationsprbdukte aus Phenolen und Formaldehyd als elektrische Isoliermaterialien.The present process therefore enables the practical use of the condensation products for the first time from phenols and formaldehyde as electrical insulating materials.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE271825C true DE271825C (en) |
Family
ID=528447
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DENDAT271825D Active DE271825C (en) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE271825C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0010432A1 (en) * | 1978-10-20 | 1980-04-30 | Desai Polymer Developments Limited | A 'B' stage polymer material based on a phenolic resin, a method of producing it and a laminate comprising a layer of this material |
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0
- DE DENDAT271825D patent/DE271825C/de active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0010432A1 (en) * | 1978-10-20 | 1980-04-30 | Desai Polymer Developments Limited | A 'B' stage polymer material based on a phenolic resin, a method of producing it and a laminate comprising a layer of this material |
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