DE2704378C2 - Process for the manufacture of fiber composite articles - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of fiber composite articles

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Publication number
DE2704378C2
DE2704378C2 DE2704378A DE2704378A DE2704378C2 DE 2704378 C2 DE2704378 C2 DE 2704378C2 DE 2704378 A DE2704378 A DE 2704378A DE 2704378 A DE2704378 A DE 2704378A DE 2704378 C2 DE2704378 C2 DE 2704378C2
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
layers
carrier
thread
fiber
fibers
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE2704378A
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German (de)
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DE2704378A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Nozay Bouillon
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of DE2704378A1 publication Critical patent/DE2704378A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2704378C2 publication Critical patent/DE2704378C2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/10—Next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/07—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/115—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/08—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres or yarns
    • D04H5/10—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres or yarns otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/16—Wood, e.g. woodboard, fibreboard, woodchips
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24033—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including stitching and discrete fastener[s], coating or bond
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung 60 muß, der mit den Möglichkeiten der Abscheidung von von Faserverbundstoffgegenständen mit dreidimensio- pyrolytischem Kohlenstoff oder Graphit aus einem gasnaler Faserausrichtung gemäß Oberbegriff des An- förmigen Kohlenwasserstoff vereinbar ist. In einer bespruchs 1 vorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung verwendet manThe invention relates to a process for the production of 60 must with the possibilities of the deposition of of fiber composite articles with three-dimensional pyrolytic carbon or graphite from a gasnaler Fiber orientation according to the generic term of the shaped hydrocarbon is compatible. In a discussion 1 preferred embodiment of the invention is used

Dreidimensionale Gewebeteile bestehen allgemein Karton oder Balsa. Diese Stoffe können bei einer Temaus Fäden, Fasern, Vorgarnen usw. die in dem Textile- 65 peratur unter 10000C vollständig pyrolysiert werden, webe oder der Textilware in drei verschiedenen, im all- Die Wärmebehandlung erfolgt in Gegenwart eines gasgemeinen zueinander senkrechten Richtungen orien- förmigen Kohlenwasserstoffs wie Methan oder Propan, tiert sind. Dank ihrer erhöhten mechanischen Festigkeit, In einer speziellen Ausführungsform der ErfindungThree-dimensional pieces of fabric are generally made up of cardboard or balsa. These substances can at a Temaus yarns, fibers, rovings which are completely pyrolyzed in the Textile- 65 temperature less than 1000 0 C, etc., tissues or several of the fabric in three, in general, the heat treatment is carried out in the presence of orien a gas common mutually perpendicular directions - shaped hydrocarbons such as methane or propane. Thanks to their increased mechanical strength, in a special embodiment of the invention

erfolgt das Nähen des Stapels der Lagen und des Trägers mit dem sich in der dritten Richtung erstreckenden Faden mit einem Knotenpunkt, gebildet mit Hilfe eines Unterfadens. Man reguliert die Spannung der beiden Fäden so, daß der Knoten zwischen den beiden Fäden in der Dicke des Trägers liegt Der Unterfaden besteht vorteilhafterweise aus einem pyrolysierbaren Material, z. B. aus Baumwolle oder Rayon.the stitching of the stack of layers and the backing is done with the one extending in the third direction Thread with a knot, formed with the help of a bobbin thread. You regulate the tension of the two Threads so that the knot between the two threads is the same thickness as the backing. The bobbin thread is made advantageously made of a pyrolyzable material, e.g. B. made of cotton or rayon.

In einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält der Träger einen Graphitkern, der von pyrolysierbarem Material umgeben ist, und nachdem die gesamte Anordnung der zum- Pyrolisieren des Materials notwendigen Temperatur ausgesetzt worden ist, wird der Graphitkern herausgezogen. So gelingt es, dem Träger eine bessere Festigkeit zu verleihen, der bei Aufbringen der Faserlagen und beim Vernähen nicht verformt wird.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the carrier contains a graphite core, which can be pyrolyzed Material is surrounded, and after the entire assembly of the to-pyrolize the material has been exposed to the necessary temperature, the graphite core is pulled out. This is how the wearer succeeds to give better strength that does not deform when the fiber layers are applied and when sewing will.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigtThe invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. It shows

F i g. 1 die erste Stufe des Verfahrens, das Nähen des Stapels der Lagen und des Trägers;F i g. 1 the first stage of the process, the sewing of the stack of layers and the carrier;

F i g. 2 die zweite Stufe des Verfahrens, die Wärmebehandlung der erhaltenen Einheit; undF i g. 2 the second stage of the process, heat treatment the unit received; and

F i g. 3 die zweite Stufe des Verfahrens gemäß einer Variante der Erfindung bezüglich der Trägerstruktur.F i g. 3 shows the second stage of the method according to a variant of the invention with regard to the support structure.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann bei der Herstellung von Teilen oder Stücken verschiedener Formen und irgendwelcher Profile Anwendung finden, z. B. von Teilen zylindrischer Form, von Kegelstumpf-Form, Quaderform oder von Teilen in Platten- oder Scheibenform. The method of the invention can be used in the manufacture of parts or pieces of various shapes and any profiles are used, e.g. B. of parts of cylindrical shape, of truncated cone shape, Cuboid shape or parts in plate or disk shape.

Nachfolgend wird beispielhaft eine Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beschrieben, die sich auf die Herstellung von Teilen in Form einer zylindrischen Einfassung bezieht. In F i g. 1 ist der Träger 1 aus Balsa in zylindrischer Form entsprechend den Abmessungen des herzustellenden Teils zu sehen. Auf der Außenfläche des Trägers 1 werden mehrere übereinander gelegte Lagen 3 aus Kohlenstoffgeweben oder verdrillten oder unvercii'illten Kohlenstoff-Fasern so angeordnet, daß eine zweidimensionale Struktur gewünschter Dicke um den zylindrischen Träger t herum entsteht Der mit dem Stapel der Lagen 3 umkleidete zylindrische Träger 1 wird auf eine (nicht dargestellte) Nähmaschine gebracht, die diesem Zweck in geeigneter Weise angepaßt ist. Diese Nähmaschine weist einen mit einer Nadel 5 ausgestatteten Nähkopf auf, in die der Kohlenstoff-Faden 7 einläuft, der in der dritten Richtung eingebracht werden soll. Vorteilhaft weist der Nähkopf auch eine weitere Nadel 9 auf, die dazu dient, die Schichteinheit vor dem Durchgang der Nadel 5 so zu durchstoßen, daß das Einführen tier mit dem Kohlenstoff-Faden 7 versehenen Nadel 5 durch den Stapel der Lagen 3 und des Trägers 1 erleichtert wird. Die Nähmaschine ist mit einem (nicht dargestellten) Schiffchen ausgestattet, das mit einem ziemlich festen Unterfaden 11, wie z. B. einem Faden aus Baumwolle oder Rayon, bewickelt ist, und der zylindrische Träger 1 ist auf der Nähmaschine so angebracht, daß die Nadel 5 seine Oberfläche senkrecht zu den Lagen 3 durchstechen kann und daß das Schiffchen auf der anderen Seite dieser Oberfläche liegt, nämlich im Inneren des zylindrischen Trägers 1. So kann die Nähmaschine arbeiten, um mit dem Nähfaden 7 und dem Unterfaden 11 einen Knotenpunkt zu bilden.An implementation of the method according to the invention is described below by way of example relates to the manufacture of parts in the form of a cylindrical bezel. In Fig. 1, the carrier 1 is off Balsa can be seen in a cylindrical shape according to the dimensions of the part to be made. On the outside surface of the carrier 1 are several superimposed layers 3 of carbon fabrics or twisted or uncut carbon fibers arranged in such a way that a two-dimensional structure of the desired thickness arises around the cylindrical support t The cylindrical carrier 1 covered with the stack of layers 3 is placed on a sewing machine (not shown) brought, which is adapted to this purpose in a suitable manner. This sewing machine has one with a needle 5 equipped sewing head, in which the carbon thread 7 runs, which is introduced in the third direction shall be. The sewing head advantageously also has a further needle 9, which is used to create the layer unit to pierce before the passage of the needle 5 so that the introduction of the animal provided with the carbon thread 7 Needle 5 is facilitated by the stack of layers 3 and the carrier 1. The sewing machine comes with a (not shown) equipped shuttle with a fairly strong bobbin thread 11, such as. B. a Thread made of cotton or rayon, is wound, and the cylindrical support 1 is so on the sewing machine attached that the needle 5 can pierce its surface perpendicular to the layers 3 and that the shuttle is on the other side of this surface, namely in the interior of the cylindrical support 1. So the Working sewing machine to form a knot with the sewing thread 7 and the bobbin thread 11.

Nach Ingangsetzen der Nähmaschine wird eine erste Nahtlinie 13a entlang einer Erzeugenden oder Mantellinie des zylindrischen Trägers 1 hergestellt, und die Spannung oder der Zug des Nähfadens 7 und der des Unterfadens 11 wird vorab so geregelt, daß der Knoten zwischen den beiden Fäden in der Dicke des zylindrischen Trägers 1 liegt, und zwar der Innenfläche des Trägers so nahe wie möglich.After starting up de r sewing machine a first line of stitching is produced 13a along a generatrix or generatrix of the cylindrical support 1, and the voltage or the train of the sewing thread 7 and the lower thread 11 is previously regulated so that the node between the two threads in the thickness of the cylindrical support 1 is as close as possible to the inner surface of the support.

Dann werden weitere fortlaufende Nahtlinien erzeugt, wie 136,13c; 13t/, usw., gemäß den dem zylindrischen Träger 1 naheliegenden Erzeugenden oder Mantellinien, so daß die Kohlenstoff-Fäden in die Dicke der Struktur mit 2 Richtungen senkrecht zu denen der auf der Oberfläche des zylindrischen Trägers 1 aufgeschichteten Lagen 3 eingezogen werden. So wird der Zusammenhalt der Einheit durch den Nähfaden 7 auf dem äußeren Umfang des zylindrischen Trägers 1 gewährleistet Then more continuous seam lines are created, like 136,13c; 13t /, etc., according to the cylindrical Support 1 adjacent generatrices or surface lines, so that the carbon threads in the thickness of the Structure with 2 directions perpendicular to those stacked on the surface of the cylindrical support 1 Layers 3 are drawn in. So the cohesion of the unit through the sewing thread 7 on the outer circumference of the cylindrical carrier 1 guaranteed

In Fig.2 ist im senkrechten Schnitt des Teils A die Struktur der erhaltenen Einheit nach dem Nähvorgang zu sehen, die die Schichtung oder den Stapel der Lagen 3 zeigt, weiche durch den Kohlenstoff-Faden 7 zusammengeheftet sind, der Teil um Teil diesen Stapel in einer praktisch senkrechten Ricntung zur Ebv'-se der Lagen 3 in Form eines kontinuierlichen, gespaanien Fadens durchquert, dessen sichtbare Teile an einandergegenüberliegenden Flächen des Stapels der Lagen 3 liegen. Der Unterfaden 11, der zur Bildung des Knotenpunkts dient, bildet seinerseits durch den zylindrischen Träger 1 einen kontinuierlichen Faden, der einer Kurve mit sinusartigem Verlauf und kleiner Amplitude folgt, deren einer Scheitelpunkt praktisch auf der Innenfläche des zylindrischen Trägers 1 liegt, während der andere im Inneren dieses Trägers und möglichst nahe seiner Innenfläche liegtIn Figure 2, in the vertical section of part A, the structure of the unit obtained after the sewing process can be seen, showing the layering or stacking of the layers 3, which are stitched together by the carbon thread 7, the part by part of this stack in a practically perpendicular direction to the Ebv'-se of the layers 3 traversed in the form of a continuous, spun thread, the visible parts of which lie on opposite surfaces of the stack of layers 3. The lower thread 11, which serves to form the node, in turn forms a continuous thread through the cylindrical support 1, which follows a curve with a sinusoidal course and small amplitude, one apex of which is practically on the inner surface of the cylindrical support 1, while the other is in the Inside this carrier and as close as possible to its inner surface

Die so erhaltene Einheit wird sodann in einen Ofen 20 gebracht, der in sehr schematischer Form dargestellt ist Man bringt den Ofen 20 auf eine Temperatur von 1000° C und führt in den geschlossenen Ofenraum kontinuierlich einen gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoff ein, wie z. B. Methan.The assembly thus obtained is then placed in an oven 20 which is shown in very schematic form The furnace 20 is brought to a temperature of 1000 ° C. and continuously fed into the closed furnace space a gaseous hydrocarbon, such as. B. methane.

Bei dieser Temperatur verschwindet das den Träger bildende Balsaholz durch Pyrolyse und zersetzt sich zu flüchtigen Produkten, während das Methan dissoziiert und pyrolytischen Kohlenstoff oder Graphit liefert, der sich auf den festen Oberflächen im Inneren des Ofens 20 und insbesondere auf den Fäden der dreidimensionalen Struktur abscheidet, die er versteift Der Unterfaden wird ebenso bei dieser Temperatur pyrolysiert, und man erhält am Ende des Vorgangs ein Stück in Form einer zylindrischen Einfassung, dargestellt im Teil B der Figur, das den Stapel der vom Kohlenstoff-Faden 7 durchquerten Lagen 3 aufweist. Dieses Teil hat einen Innendurchmesser, der praktisch gleich dem Außendurchmesser des zylindrischen Trägers 1 ist, und es hat eine Dicke, die praktisch gleich der des Stapels der Lagen 3, die zuvor auf dem Träger waren, ist.At this temperature, the balsa wood forming the support disappears by pyrolysis and decomposes into volatile products, while the methane dissociates and yields pyrolytic carbon or graphite which is deposited on the solid surfaces inside the furnace 20 and in particular on the threads of the three-dimensional structure, which it stiffens. The bobbin thread is also pyrolyzed at this temperature and, at the end of the operation, a piece is obtained in the form of a cylindrical border, shown in part B of the figure, comprising the stack of layers 3 traversed by the carbon thread 7. This part has an inside diameter which is practically the same as the outside diameter of the cylindrical support 1 and it has a thickness which is practically the same as that of the stack of layers 3 which were previously on the support.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die in Fig.3 dargestellt ist, umfaßt der in Teil A dieser Figur dargestellte zylindrische Träger 1 einen Graphitkern la, der vom pyrolysierbaren Material ib, wie z. B. Balsa, umgeben ist.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is shown in Figure 3, the cylindrical support 1 shown in part A of this figure comprises a graphite core la, which consists of the pyrolyzable material ib such. B. Balsa, is surrounded.

Bei dieser Variante erfolgt das Nähen der auf dem zylindrischen Träger 1 übereinanderliegenden Lagen genauso, und man bringt dann das Ganze in den Ofe>i20 mit einer Temperatur von 10000C in Gegenwart eines Methanstroms.In this variant, the stitching of the superposed on the cylindrical support 1 takes place as well layers, and is then brought in the whole Ofe> i20 at a temperature of 1000 0 C in the presence of a methane stream.

Ebenso verschwindet das pyrolysierbare Material ib und dissoziiert in flüchtige Produkte. Am Ende des Vorgangs erhält man ein Teil dreidimensionalen, gut versteiften Gewebes, das im Teil B dargestellt ist, und es genügt nun, die Innenfläche dieses Teils wieder zu bear-The pyrolyzable material ib also disappears and dissociates into volatile products. At the end of the process, a part of three-dimensional, well-stiffened fabric is obtained, which is shown in part B , and it is now sufficient to machine the inner surface of this part again.

beiten, um den nicht pyrolysierten Graphitkern herauszuziehen.work to pull out the non-pyrolyzed graphite core.

Wenngleich in diesem Beispiel eine Durchführungsform des Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Stücken oder Teilen aus Kohlenstoffasern beschrieben wurde, ist klar, daß auch andere Fasern verwendet werden können, wenn sie nicht unter dem Einfluß der für die Pyrolyse des den Träger bildenden Materials nötigen Temperatur abgebaut werden.Although in this example one embodiment of the method for producing pieces or Parts made of carbon fibers has been described, it is clear that other fibers can also be used, if they are not degraded under the influence of the temperature necessary for the pyrolysis of the material forming the support.

Im übrigen können die zur Bildung des dreidimensionalen Gewebes bestimmten Fasern von gleicher oder verschiedener Art sein. Man kann insbesondere Graphitfasern, Glasfasern oder Quarzfasern in verdrillter oder unverdrillter Form verwenden.In addition, the fibers intended for the formation of the three-dimensional fabric can be of the same or be of various kinds. In particular, graphite fibers, glass fibers or quartz fibers can be twisted or use untwisted form.

1515th

Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings

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Claims (8)

1 2 ihres ausgezeichneten Wärmeisolationsvermögens und Patentansprüche: ihrer guten Stoß- und Abriebfestigkeit finden diese Textilwaren zahlreiche Anwendungen in Form von Hoch-1 2 their excellent thermal insulation properties and patent claims: their good impact and abrasion resistance, these textile goods find numerous applications in the form of high- 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserverbund- leistungsfäden oder -fasern, wie z.B. Kohlenstoff-Fastoffgegenständen mit dreidimensionaler Faseraus- 5 sern, Graphitfasern oder Fasern analoger Materialien, richtung, bei dem aufeinanderfolgend Faserlagen So werden diese Gewebe in vorteilhafter Weise zur mit zweidimensionaler Faserausrichtung oder Lagen Herstellung von Wiedereintrittskörpern von Raketen von parallelen, sich alternativ von einer Lage zur oder anderen ähnlichen Flugkörpern sowie fxr die Veranderen in einer ersten und einer zweiten Richtung wirklichung von Wärmeschutzschilden und Bremsbeläerstreckenden Fäden gestapelt und der so aufgebau- io gen verwendet.1. Process for the production of fiber composite performance threads or fibers, such as carbon fastoff articles with three-dimensional fiber outsoles, graphite fibers or fibers of analogous materials, direction, in which successive fiber layers So these fabrics are advantageously used for with two-dimensional fiber orientation or layers manufacture of re-entry bodies for missiles of parallel, alternatively from one position to or other similar missiles as well as for the other Realization of heat shields and brake lining extensions in a first and a second direction The threads are stacked and used in this way. te Stapel parallelen Linien folgend mit einem Faden, Aus der DE-AS 10 08 247 ist ein Verfahren der einder sich in einer dritten Richtung erstreckt, genäht gangs genannten Art bekannt Dieses Verfahren dierrt werden, dadurchgekennzeichnet.daßdie zur Herstellung eines Textilstoffs für Oberbekleidungs-Lagen (3) auf einem Träger (1) aus pyrolysierbarem stücke oder Decken. Will man nun Faserverbundstoff-Material gestapelt werden, daß der Stapel dieser La- is gegenstände herstellen, die eine bestimmte geometngen (3) und des Trägers (1) mit dem sich in der drit- sehe Form haben, so ist es zweckmäßig oder sogar notten Richtung erstreckenden Faden (7) genäht und wendig, einen Träger zu verwenden, auf dem zunächst die so erhaltene Einheit einer Temperatur zwischen die Faserlagen aufgebracht werden, bevor diese Faser-800 und i200°C in Gegenwart eines gasförmigen lagen mit einem Faden vernäht werden. Verwendet man Kohlenwasserstoffstroms zur Pyrolyse des den Trä- 20 z. B. einen Träger aus Metall, so müssen an bestimmten ger (1) bildenden Materials und zur Abscheidung Stellen und in ausreichender Zahl Lücken vorgesehen von pyrolytischem Kohleastoff oder Graphit auf den sein, durch die die Nadel beim Vernähen der Lagen das dreidimensionale Fasergebilde bildenden Fäden hindurchtreten kann. Das Abnehmen des Gegenstands bzw. Fasern ausgesetzt wird. von dem Träger bringt zusätzliche Probleme : mit sich.te stack following parallel lines with a thread, from DE-AS 10 08 247 is a method of one extends in a third direction, sewn type mentioned above known This method dierrt are, characterized in that they are used to produce a textile material for layers of outer clothing (3) on a support (1) made of pyrolyzable pieces or blankets. If you want a fiber composite material are stacked so that the stack of these Lais produce objects that have a certain geometry (3) and the carrier (1) with which they have the third form, so it is appropriate or even notten Direction of extending thread (7) sewn and maneuverable to use a carrier on which to begin with the so obtained unit of a temperature can be applied between the fiber layers before this fiber 800 and i200 ° C in the presence of a gaseous layer to be sewn with a thread. If you use Hydrocarbon stream for pyrolysis of the Trä- 20 z. B. a support made of metal, so must at certain ger (1) forming material and places and a sufficient number of gaps provided for separation of pyrolytic carbon or graphite on which the needle passes when sewing the layers the threads forming the three-dimensional fiber structure can pass through. Removing the item or fibers is exposed. from the wearer brings additional problems: with. 2 Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn- 25 Aus der US-PS 33 67 812 ist es bekannt, dreidtmensiozeichnet, daß als pyrolysieröares Material des Trä- nale Gegenstände aus Kohlenstoff-Fasern herzustellen, gers(l) Karton oder Balsa verwendet wird. wobei die mit einem Bindemittel behandelten Fasern2 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is known from US Pat. that as a pyrolysable material of the tear, objects made of carbon fibers can be produced, gers (l) cardboard or balsa is used. wherein the fibers treated with a binder 3 Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, z. B. auf eine abschmelzbare Form gewickelt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stapel der Lagen Nach Aushärten des Bindemittels wird die Form ent-(3) und drs Trägers (1) mit dem sich in der dritten 30 fernt Dieses Verfahren gestattet allerdings nicht die Richtung erstreckenden Faden (7) mit einem mit HiI- Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Verbundstoffgegenfe eines Unterfaden (11) gebildeten Knotenpunkt ständen, bei denen die vorab auf den Träger bzw. die genäht und die Spamiung der beiden Fäden (7; 11) Form aufgebrachten Lagen anschließend vernäht werderart reguliert wird, daß dt Knoten zwischen den den.3 The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, z. B. be wound on a meltable form, characterized in that the stack of layers After the binding agent has cured, the mold is un- (3) and drs carrier (1) with which in the third 30 away. This method does not allow the Direction extending thread (7) with a with HiI- production of three-dimensional composite material counterfe a bobbin thread (11) would be formed node, in which the advance on the carrier or the sewn and then sewn the layers of the two threads (7; 11) in the form of applied layers is regulated that dt nodes between the. beiden Fäden (7; 11) in der Dicke des Trägers (1) 35 Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ver-two threads (7; 11) in the thickness of the carrier (1) 35 The object of the invention is to provide a en«teht fahren der eingangs genannten Art zu.schauen, «as dieYou can drive the type mentioned at the beginning 4 Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, Herstellung von Faserverbundstoffgegenständen mit dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als gasförmiger Koh- dreidimensionaler Faserausrichtung gestattet, wobei die lenwasserstoff Methan oder Propan verwendet wird. Gegenstände exakte Form und Abmessungen aufwei-4 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, production of fiber composite articles with characterized in that three-dimensional fiber alignment is permitted as gaseous carbon, the Hydrogen methane or propane is used. Objects have the exact shape and dimensions 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 40 sen, gute Steifigkeit und Festigkeit besitzen und die Fadadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Träger ein von ei- serlagen durch einen Faden vernäht sind.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 40 sen, have good rigidity and strength and the Fada characterized in that one of the layers is sewn by a thread as a carrier. nem pyrolysierbaren Material umgebener Graphit- Ausgehend von einem Verfahren der eingangs ge-nem pyrolysable material surrounded graphite starting from a method of the initially mentioned kern (la; eingesetzt und dieser nach der Wärmebe- nannten Art wird diese Aufgabe durch die im kenn-core (la; used and this type, named after the heat, this task is carried out by the handlung bei zur Pyrolyse des Materials ausreichen- zeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merk-action in the case of part of claim 1, which is sufficient for pyrolysis of the material, der Temperatur herausgezogen wird. 45 malegeiöst.the temperature is pulled out. 45 males. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, Durch das erftndungsgemäße Verfahren ist es mogdadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für das Fasergebilde lieh, einen leicht herzustellenden und damit auch in sei-Fäden bzw. Fasern aus Kohlenstoff, Graphit, Glas ner Form jeweils ohne großen Aufwand an den jeweili- oder Siliciumdioxid verwendet werden. gen Bedarf anpaßbaren Träger zu verwenden, welcher6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, by the inventive method it is possible characterized that borrowed for the fiber structure, an easy-to-manufacture and thus also in sei threads or fibers made of carbon, graphite, glass ner form each without great effort to the respective or silica can be used. if necessary to use adaptable carrier, which 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn- 50 durch Pyrolyse entfernt wird. Die dreidimensionale zeichnet daß verzwirnte Fäden verwendet werden. Struktur wird durch eine Abscheidung von pyrolyti-7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that 50 is removed by pyrolysis. The three-dimensional indicates that twisted threads are used. Structure is created by a deposition of pyrolytic 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, schem Kohlenstoff oder Graphit auf der Faseroberflädadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Unterfaden (11) ein ehe versteift8. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, carbon or graphite on the fiber surface thereby characterized in that the bobbin thread (11) stiffened a marriage solcher aus polysierbarem Material aus der Gruppe Bei der Wahl eines passenden pyrolysierbaren Mate-those made of polysable material from the group When choosing a suitable pyrolysable material der Rayon- oder Baumwollfäden verwendet wird. 55 rials muß einerseits die Tatsache berücksichtigt werden,the rayon or cotton thread is used. 55 rials, on the one hand, the fact must be taken into account daß der Träger eine bestimmte Festigkeit oder Steifheitthat the carrier has a certain strength or stiffness aufweisen muß, ohne jedoch beim Durchgang einer Nadel einen zu großen Widerstand zu bieten, und andererseits daß er sich in einem Zeitraum pyrolysieren lassenmust have, but without offering too great a resistance when a needle passes, and on the other hand that it can be pyrolyzed in a period of time
DE2704378A 1976-02-03 1977-02-02 Process for the manufacture of fiber composite articles Expired DE2704378C2 (en)

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GB (1) GB1517671A (en)
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GB1517671A (en) 1978-07-12
NL7701116A (en) 1977-08-05
IT1078392B (en) 1985-05-08
BE850558A (en) 1977-05-16
US4059468A (en) 1977-11-22
NL185022C (en) 1990-01-02
DE2704378A1 (en) 1977-08-11
JPS6130059B2 (en) 1986-07-10
FR2355936A1 (en) 1978-01-20
FR2355936B1 (en) 1980-06-20
JPS5296279A (en) 1977-08-12

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