DE2661108C2 - Use of a liposome dispersion in cosmetics - Google Patents

Use of a liposome dispersion in cosmetics

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DE2661108C2
DE2661108C2 DE2661108A DE2661108A DE2661108C2 DE 2661108 C2 DE2661108 C2 DE 2661108C2 DE 2661108 A DE2661108 A DE 2661108A DE 2661108 A DE2661108 A DE 2661108A DE 2661108 C2 DE2661108 C2 DE 2661108C2
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use according
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dispersion
liposomes
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Guy Vanlerberghe
Geb Villa Handjani
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LOreal SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/34—Higher-molecular-weight carboxylic acid esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Liposomes
    • A61K9/1277—Processes for preparing; Proliposomes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/14—Liposomes; Vesicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Liposomes
    • A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
    • A61K9/1272—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers with substantial amounts of non-phosphatidyl, i.e. non-acylglycerophosphate, surfactants as bilayer-forming substances, e.g. cationic lipids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/04—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically tanning the skin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
    • C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
    • C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K19/544—Macromolecular compounds as dispersing or encapsulating medium around the liquid crystal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
    • C09K2019/523—Organic solid particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
    • C09K2019/528—Surfactants

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Liposomendispersion in der Kosmetik.The invention relates to the use of a liposome dispersion in cosmetics.

Es ist bekannt, daß gewisse Lipide die Eigenschaft besitzen, in Anwesenheit von Wasser mesomorphe Phasen zu bilden, deren Anordnungszustand bzw. Aufbau zwischen dem kristallinen und dem flüssigen Zustand liegt. Es ist bekannt, daß gewisse Lipide, die mesomorphe Phasen bilden können, in wäßriger Lösung quellen können, wobei in dem wäßrigen Milieu dispergierte Kügelchen entstehen, die aus multimolekularen Schichten und vorzugsweise aus bimolekularen Schichten mit einer Dicke von etwa 3 bis 10 nm bestehen (vgl. insbesondere Bangham, Standish und Watkins, J. Mol. Biol., 13, 238 (1965)).It is known that certain lipids have the property to form mesomorphic phases in the presence of water their state of arrangement or structure between the crystalline and the liquid state. It is known that certain Lipids that can form mesomorphic phases in aqueous Can swell solution, being dispersed in the aqueous environment Globules are created that consist of multimolecular layers and preferably of bimolecular layers with a thickness  of about 3 to 10 nm (see in particular Bangham, Standish and Watkins, J. Mol. Biol., 13, 238 (1965)).

Bisher war es nur möglich, Lipidkügelchen, die aus konzentrischen Blättchen bzw. Lamellen bestehen, unter Anwendung von Lipiden herzustellen, die eine ionische hydophile Gruppe und eine lipophile Gruppe aufweisen und die beschriebenen Herstellungsverfahren führen zu Kügelchen mit einem mittleren Durchmesser unter 100 nm. Das Herstellungsverfahren für diese Kügelchen besteht darin, eine Dispersion zu bilden, deren disperse Phase die zur Bildung der Kügelchen geeignete lipide Substanz enthält und diese Dispersion einer Ultraschallbehandlung zu unterziehen. Zur Erzielung der einer Ultraschallbehandlung zu unterziehenden Dispersion kann man zunächst an einer Wand bzw. Fläche durch Verdampfen einen dünnen Film der zu dispergierenden lipiden Substanz bilden, anschließend die kontinuierliche Phase der zu bildenden Dispersion in Kontakt mit der so überzogenen Fläche bringen und schließlich rühren bzw. bewegen, um die der Ultraschallbehandlung zu unterziehende Dispersion zu erhalten. Gemäß einem anderen in der französischen Patentschrift 22 21 122 beschriebenen Verfahren kann man auch zur Herstellung der der Ultraschallbehandlung zu unterziehenden Dispersion das zur Bildung der Wände der Kügelchen bestimmte Lipid einer wäßrigen Phase zuführen und anschließend leicht erwärmen, und kräftig unter Schütteln rühren. Die aus konzentrischen Blättchen bzw. Lamellen bestehenden Kügelchen, die man so erhält und die einen maximalen Durchmesser von etwa 100 nm aufweisen, werden im allgemeinen Liposome genannt.So far it has only been possible to make lipid beads that are concentric Leaflets or lamellae exist when using To produce lipids that have an ionic hydophilic group and have a lipophilic group and the production processes described lead to globules with a medium Diameter under 100 nm. The manufacturing process for this Bead consists in forming a dispersion, the disperse Phase the lipid substance suitable for the formation of the beads contains and this dispersion of an ultrasound treatment to undergo. To achieve an ultrasound treatment The dispersion to be subjected can first be applied to a wall or surface by evaporation a thin film of the to be dispersed Form lipid substance, then the continuous Phase of the dispersion to be formed in contact with the so bring coated surface and finally stir or move, to the dispersion to be subjected to the ultrasonic treatment receive. According to another in the French patent 22 21 122 described methods can also be used to manufacture the dispersion to be subjected to ultrasonic treatment lipid of an aqueous to form the walls of the beads Add phase and then warm slightly, and vigorously stir while shaking. The concentric leaves or lamellae existing spheres that are obtained in this way and have a maximum diameter of about 100 nm generally called liposomes.

Man hat auch bereits empfohlen, Liposome zum Einschluß von wäßrigen Lösungen zu verwenden, die in den zwischen den Lipiddoppelschichten enthaltenen wäßrigen Räumen aktive Substanzen enthalten und so die eingekapselten Substanzen gegen Einwirkungen von außen zu schützen (vgl. insbesondere Sessa und Weismann, J. Lipid Res., 9, 310 (1968) und Magee und Miller, Nature, Vol. 235 (1972)).It has also been recommended that liposomes be included to use aqueous solutions in between the lipid bilayers contained aqueous spaces active substances contain and so the encapsulated substances against effects to protect from outside (see in particular Sessa and Weismann, J. Lipid Res., 9, 310 (1968) and Magee and Miller, Nature,  Vol. 235 (1972)).

Auch die DE-OS 22 49 552 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Liposomen mit einem maximalen Durchmesser von 100 nm. Dieses Verfahren besteht darin, daß man nach einer ersten Variante ein Lipid zu einer wäßrigen Phase gibt und leicht erwärmt, heftig schüttelt und anschließend mit Ultraschall behandelt. Nach einer zweiten Variante überführt man eine in einem Lösungsmittel gelöste disperse Phase in einen dünnen Film durch Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels und bringt diesen dünnen Film anschließend mit einer wäßrigen oder nicht- wäßrigen Phase unter starker Agitation in Kontakt. Daran schließt sich eine Ultraschallbehandlung an. Die auf diese Weise erhaltenen Liposomen sind dazu geeignet, Lösungen chemischer Substanzen einzuschließen. Sie sind in der Lage, biologische Membranen zu durchdringen.DE-OS 22 49 552 also describes a process for the production of liposomes with a maximum diameter of 100 nm. This method consists in that after a first variant gives a lipid to an aqueous phase and slightly warmed, shaken vigorously and then with ultrasound treated. According to a second variant, you transfer a disperse phase dissolved in a solvent into a thin film by evaporation of the solvent and brings this thin film with an aqueous or non- aqueous phase in contact with strong agitation. That is followed by an ultrasound treatment. The on this Liposomes obtained in this way are suitable for chemical solutions Include substances. You are able to biological To penetrate membranes.

Da die Liposome variable Größen im Bereich unter 100 nm aufweisen können, kann man ihr Penetrationsvermögen in den menschlichen Körper variieren, wodurch zahlreiche Anwendungen auf dem Gebiet der Pharmazie in Betracht gezogen wurden, umsomehr als es ihre äußere elektrische Ladung ermöglichen kann, ihr Fixierungsgebiet auszuwählen (Biochem. J. (1971). 124, S. 58 P). Auf dem Gebiet der Kosmetik jedoch können durch die Anwendung von Kügelchen mit Durchmessern unter 100 nm Nachteile entstehen, da die Gefahr des Eindringens der Produkte durch die Haut bestehen. Es ist daher ersichtlich, daß zumindest für diesen Anwendungszweck Liposomen aus konzentrischen Lipidblättchen bzw. Lamellen mit einem Durchmesser über 100 nm wünschenswert wären. Because the liposomes have variable sizes in the range Can have less than 100 nm, their penetration ability in the human body vary, causing numerous Applications in the field of pharmacy considered more than their external electrical charge allows can select their area of fixation (Biochem. J. (1971). 124, p. 58 P). In the field of cosmetics, however, can by the use of beads with diameters below 100 nm disadvantages arise because of the risk of product penetration through the skin. It can therefore be seen that at least for this purpose liposomes from concentric Lipid flakes or lamellae with a diameter over 100 nm would be desirable.  

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eine Dispersion von Liposomen, die aus molekularen Schichten von Lipidverbindungen bestehen, die eine wäßrige Phase einschließen, wobei die Lipidverbindungen ionische Verbindungen der Formel X-Y sind, worin X eine hydrophile ionische Gruppe darstellt und Y eine lipophile Gruppe bedeutet und die Liposomen einen Durchmesser von mehr als 100 nm bis etwa 5000 nm aufweisen, in der Kosmetik.The present invention relates to use a dispersion of liposomes that there are molecular layers of lipid compounds, which include an aqueous phase, the Lipid compounds Ionic compounds of the formula X-Y are where X is a hydrophilic ionic group represents and Y represents a lipophilic group and the liposomes have a diameter of more than 100 nm up to about 5000 nm in cosmetics.

Der hier verwendete Ausdruck "einschließen" bzw. "umkapseln" soll anzeigen, daß man über eine wäßrige Phase im Inneren einer Kapsel verfügt, die aus Lipidkügelchen gebildet wird.The term "include" or "Encapsulate" is intended to indicate that an aqueous Phase inside a capsule that features Lipid beads are formed.

Die erfindungsgemäß zur Anwendung kommende Liposomendispersion wird hergestellt, indem man mindestens ein in Wasser dispergierbares flüssiges Lipid der obigen Formel X-Y und eine in die Kügelchen einzuschließende wäßrige Phase vermischt, wobei das Lipophil/Hydrophil- Verhältnis des Lipids so gewählt wird, daß das Lipid in der wäßrigen einzuschließenden Phase unter Bildung einer lamellenartigen Phase quillt, und unter Rühren bzw. Bewegen eine lamellenartige Phase bildet und daß man anschließend eine Dispergierflüssigkeit im Überschuß zu der erhaltenen lamellenartigen Phase bigt und etwa 15 Minuten bis etwa 3 Stunden kräftig schüttelt oder bewegt.The liposome dispersion used according to the invention is made by using at least one liquid lipid dispersible in water Formula X-Y above and one to be enclosed in the beads  mixed aqueous phase, the lipophile / hydrophilic Ratio of the lipid is chosen so that the lipid in the aqueous phase to be enclosed with formation a lamellar phase swells, and with stirring or moving forms a lamellar phase and that you then a dispersing liquid in Excess to the lamellar phase obtained vigorous and vigorous for about 15 minutes to about 3 hours shakes or moves.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen der Menge der wäßrigen einzuschließenden Phase, die in Kontakt mit den Lipiden gebracht wird, und der Menge der die lamellenartige Phase bildenden Lipide etwa 0,1 bis etwa 3; kann die wäßrige einzuschließende Phase Wasser oder eine wäßrige Lösung eines aktiven Produkts sein; liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis von Dispersionsphase, die man zufügt, zu der lamellenartigen Phase, die man dispergiert, bei 2 bis 100; sind die Dispersionsphase und die einzuschließende wäßrige Phase isoosmotisch; kann die Dispersionsphase vorteilhaft eine wäßrige Lösung sein; wird das Bewegen bzw. Rühren als letzte Phase des Verfahrens mittels eines Schüttlers durchgeführt; wird das Verfahren bei Raumtemperatur oder einer höheren Temperatur durchgeführt, wenn das Lipid bei Raumtemperatur fest ist.According to a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio is between the amount of the aqueous phase to be enclosed, which is brought into contact with the lipids and the amount of the lamellar phase-forming lipids from about 0.1 to about 3; the aqueous phase to be enclosed can be water or an aqueous phase Be an active product solution; is the weight ratio from the dispersion phase to be added to the lamellar Phase to be dispersed at 2 to 100; are the dispersion phase and the aqueous phase to be enclosed isoosmotic; the dispersion phase can be advantageous be an aqueous solution; moving or stirring is the last Phase of the process carried out by means of a shaker; becomes the procedure at room temperature or a higher temperature performed when the lipid is solid at room temperature.

Zur Bildung der Lamellenphase kann man ein einziges Lipid oder eine Mischung von Lipiden verwenden. Das (die) Lipid(e), das bzw. die man verwendet, weist (weisen) eine lange lipophile Kette mit 12 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen auf, die gesättigt oder ungesättigt, verzweigt oder linear sein kann. Man kann insbesondere Ketten des Olein-, Lanolin-, Tetradecyl-, Hexadecyl-, Isostearyl-, Laurinalkohols bzw. Oleyl-, Lanolyl-, Tetradecyl-, Isostearyl-, Lauryl- oder Alkylphenylketten wählen. Als hydrophile ionische Gruppe verwendet man vorzugsweise eine amphotere Verbindung mit zwei lipophilen Ketten oder eine Assoziation von zwei organischen Ionen mit langer Kette und umgekehrtem Vorzeichen.A single lipid or one can be used to form the lamella phase Use mixture of lipids. The lipid (s) that which one uses has a long lipophilic chain with 12 to 30 carbon atoms, which are saturated or unsaturated, can be branched or linear. One can in particular chains of Oleic, lanolin, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, isostearyl, lauric alcohol or oleyl, lanolyl, tetradecyl, isostearyl,  Choose lauryl or alkylphenyl chains. As a hydrophilic Ionic group is preferably used amphoteric compound with two lipophilic chains or an association of two organic ions with long chain and reverse sign.

Man kann eine einzuschließende wäßrige Phase verwenden, die aktive Substanzen enthält, die von kosmetischem Interesse sind. Die aktiven Substanzen können beispielsweise Produkte sein, die zur Pflege der Haut oder der Haare bestimmt sind, beispielsweise Befeuchtungsmittel, wie Glycerin, Sorbit, Pentaerythrit, Inosit, Pyrrolidoncarbonsäure und ihre Salze; künstliche Bräunungsmittel, wie Dihydroxyaceton, Erythrulose, Glycerinaldehyd, die γ-Dialdehyde, wie der der Weinsäure entsprechende Aldehyd (wobei diese Produkte gegebenenfalls zusammen mit Farbstoffen vorliegen können); wasserlösliche Sonnenschutzmittel; Antitranspirationsmittel, desodorierende Mittel, adstringierende Mittel, erfrischende, tonisierene, narbenbildende, keratolytische, enthaarende Produkte; wäßrige Parfums, Extrakte von tierischen oder pflanzlichen Geweben, wie Proteine, Polysaccharide, Amnionsflüssigkeiten; wasserlösliche Farbstoffe, Antischuppenmittel, Antiseborrhoemittel, Oxidationsmittel (Entfärbungsmittel), wie Wasserstoffperoxid, Reduktionsmittel, wie Thioglykolsäure und deren Salze. An aqueous phase to be enclosed can be used, which contains active substances by are of cosmetic interest. The active substances can, for example Products to care for the skin or the hair are determined, for example, moisturizers, such as Glycerin, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, inositol, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and their salts; artificial tanning agents such as dihydroxyacetone, erythrulose, Glyceraldehyde, the γ-dialdehydes, such as that of tartaric acid corresponding aldehyde (where these products may be together may be present with dyes); water-soluble sunscreens; Antiperspirants, deodorants, astringent, refreshing, toning, scarring, keratolytic, depilatory products; aqueous perfumes, Extracts of animal or vegetable tissues, such as proteins, Polysaccharides, amniotic fluids; water-soluble dyes, Anti-dandruff agents, anti-seborrheic agents, oxidizing agents (decolorants), such as hydrogen peroxide, reducing agents, such as Thioglycolic acid and its salts.  

Die Lipide zur Einkapselung der gewünschten wäßrigen Phase in stabiler Weise wählt man je nach Funktion der in der wäßrigen Phase enthaltenen aktiven Substanzen. Zur Erzielung stabiler Liposomen aus den die lamellenartige Phase bildenden Lipiden sollte eine ausreichende laterale bzw. Seitenkettenwirkung zwischen den Ketten der Lipide vorliegen, die, Seite an Seite liegend, die Schichten oder Blättchen der Kügelchen bilden, so daß die Van-der-Waals-Kräfte zwischen den Ketten eine ausreichende Kohäsion der Blättchen bzw. Lamellen sicherstellen. diese Bedingung ist für die Lipide mit den Charakteristika der vorstehend gegebenen allgemeinen Definition erfüllt. Die Lipide, die erfindungsgemäß verwendet werden können, gehören der Klasse der Emulgiermittel vom Typ Wasser-in-Öl an. The lipids to encapsulate the desired aqueous phase is selected in a stable manner depending on the function of the active substances contained in the aqueous phase. To achieve stable liposomes from which the lamellar Phase-forming lipids should have sufficient lateral or Side chain effect between the chains of lipids, the, lying side by side, the layers or leaflets of the beads form so that the Van der Waals forces between the chains ensure sufficient cohesion of the leaflets or lamellae. this condition is for the lipids with the characteristics the general definition given above Fulfills. The lipids, which can be used according to the invention, belong to the class of water-in-oil emulsifiers.  

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die einzukapselnde wäßrige Phase eine wäßrige Lösung einer aktiven Substanz, mit kosmetischer Wirkung; die kontinuierliche Phase der Dispersion ist eine wäßrige Phase; der Gewichtsanteil der Liposomen, bezogen auf das Gewicht der kontinuierlichen Phase der Dispersion liegt bei etwa 0,01 bis etwa 0,5; die kontinuierliche Phase der Dispersion ist vorteilhaft isoosmotisch mit der in die Kügelchen eingeschlossenen wäßrigen Phase.According to a preferred embodiment, the one to be encapsulated aqueous phase an aqueous solution of an active substance, with cosmetic effect; the continuous phase of Dispersion is an aqueous phase; the weight fraction of Liposomes, based on the weight of the continuous phase of the Dispersion is from about 0.01 to about 0.5; the continuous  The dispersion phase is advantageously isoosmotic with the in the spheres enclosed aqueous phase.

Die Anwendung von Liposomen mit großen Dimensionen verringert die Gefahren, die sich durch das Eindringen der Präparate durch die Haut ergeben.The application of Liposomes with large dimensions reduce the dangers that result from the penetration of the preparations through the skin.

Weiter bietet die Anwendung der wäßrigen Dispersionen in der Kosmetik einen beträchtlichen Vorteil im Vergleich zur Anwendung von Emulsionen.The application of aqueous dispersions in cosmetics a significant advantage in Comparison to the use of emulsions.

Wünscht man in der Praxis Präparate anzuwenden, die gleichzeitig Fettkörper und Wasser enthalten, so ist es notwendig, zur Sicherstellung der Stabilität der Emulsion amphiphile Emulgiermittel zu verwenden. Es ist bekannt, daß bestimmte Emulgiermittel eine Reizwirkung ausüben können, wenn sie auf die Haut aufgetragen werden. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wurde gefunden, daß diese Wirkung der Emulgiermittel mit gegebener chemischer Struktur beträchtlich von der Form abhängt, in der sie angewendet werden. So konnte bewiesen werden, daß eine Wasser/Öl-Emulsion aus 42% Perhydrosqualen, 8% Emulgiermittel und 50% Wasser eine starke Reizwirkung ausübt, wohingegen eine wäßrige Dispersion mit 8% des gleichen Emulgiermittels praktisch eine unbedeutende Reizwirkung aufweist und das Perhydrosqualen absolut unschädlich ist. Hieraus ergibt sich ein Synergismus für die Reizwirkung, wenn man ein Emulgiermittel und eine ölige Phase vorliegen hat. Die wäßrigen Liposomendispersionen ermöglichen es, gleichzeitig ein Emulgiermittel und ein Öl zu verwenden, wodurch sich auf dem Gebiet der Kosmetik ein beträchtlicherr Vorteil ergibt.If you want to use preparations in practice that work simultaneously Contain fat and water, so it is necessary to Ensuring the stability of the amphiphilic emulsifier emulsion to use. It is known that certain emulsifiers may have an irritating effect when on applied to the skin. Within the scope of the present invention it was found that this effect of the emulsifiers with given chemical structure depends considerably on the shape, in which they are used. So it could be proven that a water / oil emulsion of 42% perhydrosqualene, 8% emulsifier and 50% water has a strong irritant effect, whereas an aqueous dispersion with 8% of the same emulsifier practically insignificant irritant and  the perhydroscalene is absolutely harmless. From this results a synergism for the irritant effect when using an emulsifier and has an oily phase. The aqueous liposome dispersions make it possible to simultaneously Emulsifier and an oil to use, which affects the area gives cosmetics a considerable advantage.

Es sei festgestellt, daß man zu den erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen von Liposomen verschiedene Hilfsstoffe fügen kann, um das Aussehen oder den organoleptischen Charakter zu modifizieren, wie Trübungsmittel, gelbildende Mittel, aromagebende Mittel, Parfums oder Farbstoffe.It should be noted that the dispersions of the invention can add various excipients from liposomes to to modify the appearance or the organoleptic character, such as opacifiers, gel-forming agents, flavoring agents, Perfumes or dyes.

Die Liposomendispersionen ermöglichen die Einarbeitung von hydrophilen Substanzen in ein im wesentlichen lipophiles Medium. Es ergibt sich unter diesen Bedingungen, daß diese in maskierter Form vorliegen, woraus ein Schutzeffekt gegenüber verschiedene mögliche verändernde Einwirkungen, wie Oxidationsmittel, Verdauungssäfte und allgemein gegenüber den eingekapselten Substanzen reaktive Verbindungen resultiert. Das Eindringen und/oder die Fixierung der aktiven Substanzen kann durch Variation der Größe der Liposomen und ihrer elektrischen Ladung modifiziert werden. Ihre Wirkung kann auch aufgeschoben werden (Verzögerungseffekt). Darüber hinaus erlaubt es die Maskierungswirkung, ihren organoleptischen Charakter und insbesondere den Geschmack zu unterdrücken oder wesentlich zu verändern. Schließlich weisen die in den Präparaten verwendten Lipide selbst eine günstige, beispielsweise weichmachende, gleitendmachende oder glänzendmachende Wirkung auf.The liposome dispersions enable incorporation of hydrophilic substances into an essentially lipophilic Medium. Under these conditions it follows that these masked form are present, resulting in a protective effect various possible changing effects, such as oxidizing agents, Digestive juices and generally compared to the encapsulated ones Substances reactive compounds results. The intrusion and / or the fixation of the active substances by variation modified the size of the liposomes and their electrical charge will. Their effect can also be postponed (delay effect). In addition, the masking effect allows their organoleptic character and especially their taste to suppress or change significantly. In the end show the lipids used in the preparations themselves a cheap, for example softening, lubricating or glossing effect.

Die folgenden Beispiele dienen zur Erläuterung der Erfindung.The following examples serve to illustrate the invention.

Beispiel 1Example 1

In einem 50 ml-Rundkolben bringt man 300 mg Sphingomyelin mit 0,350 ml einer 0,3 m-Lösung von Glucose in Kontakt und homogenisiert die Mischung bei Raumtemperatur.300 mg of sphingomyelin is brought into a 50 ml round-bottomed flask 0.350 ml of a 0.3 m solution of glucose in contact and homogenized the mixture at room temperature.

Man fügt darauf 5 ml einer 0,145 m-Lösung von NaCl, KCl zu. Der Kolben wird in eine Schüttelvorrichtung eingebracht und zwei Stunden unter kräftiger Bewegung gehalten.5 ml of a 0.145 m solution of NaCl, KCl are then added. The Flask is placed in a shaker and two Held under vigorous motion for hours.

Man erhält eine milchige Dispersion mit einem Durchmesser der Liposomen von etwa 2 µm. A milky dispersion with a diameter of Liposomes of approximately 2 µm.  

Beispiel 2Example 2

In einem 50 ml-Rundkolben bring man 300 g Sphingomyelin mit 0,350 ml einer 0,3 m-Lösung von Ascorbinsäure in Kontakt und homogenisiert die Mischung bei Raumtemperatur.300 g of sphingomyelin are placed in a 50 ml round-bottomed flask in contact with 0.350 ml of a 0.3 m solution of ascorbic acid and homogenizes the mixture at room temperature.

Man fügt darauf 2,650 ml einer 0,145 m-Lösung von NaCl, KCl zu. Man bringt den Kolben in eine Schüttelvorrichtung ein und bewegt kräftig während 4 Stunden.2.650 ml of a 0.145 m solution of NaCl, KCl are then added to. The flask is placed in a shaker and moves vigorously for 4 hours.

Man erhält eine milchige Lösung und einen Durchmesser der Liposomen von etwa 2 µm.A milky solution and a diameter of Liposomes of approximately 2 µm.

Gegebenenfalls kann man die Dispersion über eine Säule von "grobem Sephadex G 50", gequollen in einer 0,145 m-Lösung von NaCl, KCl filtrieren. If necessary, the dispersion can be carried out on a column of "coarse Sephadex G 50", swollen in a 0.145 Filter m solution of NaCl, KCl.  

Beispiel 3Example 3

In einem 50 ml-Rundkolben löst man 142 mg des Natriumsalzes von N²-(Alkyl-Talg)-N-dodecyl-N-(N′,N′-diäthylaminoäthyl)-asparagin in 2 ml einer Chloroform-Methanolmischung im Verhältnis 2 :1 . Man verdampft das Lösungsmittel mittels eines Rotationsverdampfers und eliminiert letzte Spuren an Lösungsmittel durch einstündige Behandlung des Produktes unter dem verminderten Druck einer Flügelpumpe.142 mg of the sodium salt are dissolved in a 50 ml round-bottomed flask N²- (alkyl tallow) -N-dodecyl-N- (N ′, N′-diethylaminoethyl) asparagine in 2 ml of a chloroform-methanol mixture in a ratio of 2: 1. The solvent is evaporated off using a rotary evaporator and eliminates last traces of solvent by one hour Treatment of the product under the reduced pressure of a vane pump.

Man bringt 10 ml einer 0,3 m-Lösung von Glucose mit dem Lipid in Kontakt.10 ml of a 0.3 m solution of glucose are brought with the lipid in contact.

Der auf eine Schüttelvorrichtung aufgebrachte Kolben wird vier Stunden kräftig bewegt, wobei man bei Raumtemperatur arbeitet. Die Größe der Liposomen liegt bei etwa 1 µm. Die Dispersion wird anschließend über eine Kolonne von "grobem Sephadex G 50"-Gel, gequollen in einer Lösung von 0,145 m (NaCl, KCl) filtriert.The piston placed on a shaker is vigorously moved for four hours, taking one at room temperature is working. The size of the liposomes is approximately 1 µm. The dispersion is then over a column of "Coarse Sephadex G 50" gel, swollen in a solution of 0.145 m (NaCl, KCl) filtered.

Claims (10)

1. Verwendung einer Dispersion von Liposomen, die aus molekularen Schichten von Lipidverbindungen bestehen, die eine wäßrige Phase einschließen, wobei die Lipidverbindungen ionische Verbindungen der Formel X-Y sind, worin X eine hydrophile ionische Gruppe darstellt und Y eine lipophile Gruppe bedeutet und die Liposomen einen Durchmesser von mehr als 100 bis etwa 5000 nm aufweisen, in der Kosmetik.1. Using a dispersion of liposomes made up of there are molecular layers of lipid compounds, which include an aqueous phase, the Lipid compounds Ionic compounds of the formula X-Y are where X is a hydrophilic ionic group represents and Y represents a lipophilic group and the liposomes have a diameter of more than 100 up to about 5000 nm in cosmetics. 2. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die lipophile Gruppe ein lipophile Kette mit 12 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen ist.2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the lipophilic group is a lipophilic chain with 12 to 30 carbon atoms. 3. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die lipophile Gruppe eine Oleyl-, Lanolyl-, Tetradecyl-, Hexadecyl-, Isostearyl-, Lauryl- oder Alkylphenylgruppe ist.3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the lipophilic group is an oleyl, lanolyl, Tetradecyl, hexadecyl, isostearyl, lauryl or Is alkylphenyl group. 4. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophile Gruppe des die lamellenartige Phase bildenden Lipids eine amphotere Verbindung ist, die aus zwei lipophilen Ketten oder ein Assoziation von zwei organischen Ionen mit langer Kette und umgekehrtem Vorzeichen besteht. 4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the hydrophilic group of the lamellar phase forming lipids an amphoteric Compound is made up of two lipophilic chains or an association of two organic ions with long Chain and the opposite sign.   5. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige einzuschließende Phase eine wäßrige Lösung einer aktiven Substanz mit kosmetischer Wirkung ist.5. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the aqueous to be enclosed Phase an aqueous solution of an active Is a substance with a cosmetic effect. 6. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kontinuierliche Phase der Dispersion eine wässerige Phase ist.6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the continuous phase of the dispersion is an aqueous phase. 7. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gewichtsanteil der Liposomen bezogen auf das Gewicht der kontinuierlichen Phase der Dispersion, bei etwa 0,01 bis etwa 0,5 liegt.7. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the percentage by weight of the liposomes related the weight of the continuous phase of the dispersion, is from about 0.01 to about 0.5. 8. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kontinuierliche Phase der Dispersion isoosmotisch mit der in die Liposomen eingeschlossenen wässerigen Phase ist.8. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the continuous phase of the dispersion isoosmotic with that enclosed in the liposomes aqueous phase. 9. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in die Liposomen eingeschlossene wässerige Phase mindestens ein Produkt enthält, das ausgewählt ist unter Befeuchtungsmitteln, wie Glycerin, Sorbit, Pentaerythrit, Inosit, Pyrrolidoncarbonsäure und ihren Salzen; künstlichen Bräunungsmitteln, wie Dihydroxyaceton, Erythrulose, Glycerinaldehyd, α-Dialdehyden, wie Weinsäurealdehyd (wobei diese Produkte gegebenenfalls zusammen mit Farbstoffen vorliegen können); wasserlöslichen Sonnenschutzmitteln; Antitranspirationsmitteln, desodorierenden Mitteln, adstringierenden Mitteln, Erfrischungsmitteln, tonisierenden Mitteln, narbenbildenden, keratolytischen Enthaarungsmitteln; wässerigen Parfums; Extrakten tierischer oder pflanzlicher Gewebe, wie Proteinen, Polysacchariden, Amnionsflüssigkeiten; wasserlöslichen Farbstoffen, Antischuppenmitteln und Antiseborrhoemitteln, Oxydationsmitteln, wie Wasserrstoffperoxyd, Reduktionsmitteln, wie Thioglykolsäure und ihren Salzen. 9. Use according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the trapped in the liposomes aqueous phase contains at least one product selected is among moisturizers like glycerin, Sorbitol, pentaerythritol, inositol, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and their salts; artificial tanning agents such as dihydroxyacetone, Erythrulose, glyceraldehyde, α-dialdehydes, such as tartaric acid aldehyde (these products optionally may be present together with dyes); water soluble Sunscreens; Antiperspirants, deodorants, astringents, Refreshing agents, toning agents, scar-forming agents, keratolytic depilatories; watery Perfumes; Extracts of animal or vegetable tissue, such as proteins, polysaccharides, amniotic fluids; water-soluble dyes, antidandruff agents and antiseborrheic agents, Oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, Reducing agents such as thioglycolic acid and its salts.   10. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Liposomendispersion mindestens ein Produkt enthält ausgewählt aus Trübungsmitteln, gelbildenden Mitteln, Aromastoffen, Parfums und Farbstoffen.10. Use according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized characterized in that the liposome dispersion at least a product contains selected from opacifiers, gelling agents, flavors, perfumes and Dyes.
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JPS588287B2 (en) 1983-02-15
DK150967C (en) 1988-02-15
IT1062389B (en) 1984-10-10
NL7607210A (en) 1977-01-03
JPS6156016B2 (en) 1986-12-01
ATA470376A (en) 1980-09-15
DE2629100A1 (en) 1977-01-20
CH623236A5 (en) 1981-05-29
DK291376A (en) 1976-12-31
DE2629100C3 (en) 1980-08-14
NL168715C (en) 1982-05-17
BR7604270A (en) 1977-04-05
DE2629100B2 (en) 1979-11-29
JPS56108528A (en) 1981-08-28
ES449312A1 (en) 1977-08-16
AU505843B2 (en) 1979-12-06
AT361893B (en) 1981-04-10
AU1539376A (en) 1978-01-05
DE2660069C2 (en) 1990-09-13
BE843300A (en) 1976-12-23
GB1539625A (en) 1979-01-31
JPS526375A (en) 1977-01-18
FR2315991A1 (en) 1977-01-28
DK150967B (en) 1987-10-05
CA1063908A (en) 1979-10-09
CH616087A5 (en) 1980-03-14
FR2315991B1 (en) 1977-12-02

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