DE2628846C2 - Torsional swing engine - Google Patents

Description

Rotary swing aircraft suitable. It is also known that a swing arm drive for twisting Torsional swing was developed (DE-PS 2 30 273). This swing arm drive consists of a crank with two crank pins at the same center distance, but offset, which are connected to a handlebar on one of the two pivot arm bars located in the depth of the twistable pivot arm act. Such a rotary oscillating engine is indeed with the two articulations ία Rotary swing arm also has the characteristic, controlled sequence of movements of natural swing flight in the wing area close to the fuselage still quite good again, but also has no device for setting a Feathering.

Among the known crank arrangements, reference is made in particular to the cardan crank. These consists in principle of a base circle and a rolling circle with a size ratio of 2: 1, whereby the rolling circle rolls inside on the base circle. During the rolling process, each point on the rolling circle describes a straight line, the runs through the center of the base circle and corresponds in length to the diameter of the circle diameter

A common construction of a cardan crank consists of a fixed internal gear rim and 2s a spur gear that is driven as a planetary gear. The pitch circle diameter of the internal gear has a size ratio of 2: 1 to that of the planetary gear. The arrangement of the crank pin, which the characteristic rectilinear movement. takes place in connection with the planet gear on it Pitch circle diameter. The position of the crank pin track line can be adjusted by rotating the Internal gear ring can be changed. (See »Overview of kinematics, gear theory with special Consideration of the transmission dynamics, as well as the vibration transmission and transmission vibrations «from H. J. Knab, civil engineer, specialist teacher for transmission theory. Nuremberg 1930. Self-published, ill. 150 on page 35 and Fig. 1250 on page 142.)

The invention is based on the object of providing drive energy in a rotational movement With the help of a torsion-swing engine in Hen, the sequence of movements is sinoidal, in the direction of rotation and flapping coupled, controlled torsional vibration to " shape, with the possibility of several times during operation, one defined in the direction of rotation and impact, mean three-way wing feathering, regardless of the respective torsional swing starting position, to be able to adjust and fix in a targeted and repeated manner. to

The first solution relates to a »torsional vibration engine with unsafe feathering position «. the The object is thus achieved according to the invention in that a Ka-dank crank with an internally toothed ring gear (2) is used, which can be rotated around the sprocket axis with an auxiliary drive (24), the two crank pins (3, 4) on the disc wheel pitch circle (23) each in a cross loop (5, 6) intervene that are approximately at right angles to the impact (8) and swing arm axis of rotation (* 5) slidably mounted and each via a link (9, 10) with the Rotary rocker (11) are connected, their loop center lines {18, 19) iwar approximately perpendicular to their common direction of movement, but are inclined towards each other to the same extent (20) as the crossing tracks (21, 22) of the two crank pins.

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, that one in percussion and swing direction defined, middle sail position during operation completely independent of the main drive and the swing arm output position, can be adjusted again. So this applies to sovr-ohl Blocking, when idling, with further rotary movement and when running backwards of the main drive shaft. the The feathering position can be fixed by using lockable auxiliary drives and can therefore not only must be observed during the flight, but also during landing. It is arbitrary through that slow or fast transition between the individual operating positions, also for large, possibly man-carrying drives suitable. The movements of the cardan crank pins are in opposition;: u others Crank already straight and work in the operating position with the maximum flapping angle and the maximum effort only in the middle of the cross loops. The leadership of the Krtuzschleifen can therefore designed to be very short and housed in relatively small airframes. This compact design is still supported by the fact that the transformation of a rotating movement into two phase-shifted oscillating movements, the control of the flapping angle and the setting of the The feathering takes place within just one unit - the Kardank'jrbel.

An essential delay is that the Flap angle of the torsional rocker movement during operation continuously from zero to a maximum Value can be adjusted so that a? extensive Adaptation to different operating conditions is possible at any time. The swing angle is included coupled proportionally to the stroke angle, which means that both movements are automatically coordinated with one another stay.

The second proposed solution concerns a "torsion-swing engine with wing position by main drive-direction of rotation" reversal ". Based on the »Torsional oscillating drive, it can be set independently of operation Sail position «on the controllability of the torsion swing flapping vortex and on the independence omitted from the main drive, the arrangement of an auxiliary drive can be omitted and only with A sail Hiunjj was set using the main drive and be fixed.

The object is then achieved according to the invention in that a cardan crank with internally toothed Toothed crane / (2) is used, the two crank pins located on the planetary gear pitch circle (23) (3, 4) each engage in a cross loop (5, 6) that is approximately at right angles to the impact (8) and pivot axis (15) slidably mounted and each via a link (9, 10) with the rotary rocker (11) are connected, their loop center lines (18, 19; although approximately perpendicular to their common Direction of movement. but are inclined towards one another to the same extent (20) as the intersecting ones Railway lines (21, 22) of the two crank pins that the inner ring gear of the cardan crank between two through Stops (28,29) b. Limited end positions freely rotatable stored wrd, so that by changing the main drive direction of rotation, the change in the Internal gear rim * end positions where! 5ei these so be chosen so that in one end position the crank pin tracks are congruent with the cross loop center lines lie and in the other end position the cross loops the intended stroke and the

have the desired phase relationship with each other, and that the control-related, simultaneous recording of a specific gear rim position and a specific one Crank position is done by a (31) Noeke (30) scanned from a fixed point, which is with the planet gear (23) rotates.

The advantages achievable with this invention are in particular that one in impact and Swing direction of rotation defined, mean feathering position is repeatedly adjustable during operation. Öby stopping the main drive after reaching the sail position, in a dead center of the crank, the The sail position can be fixed and can therefore also be ejected when landing. The movements of the In contrast to other cranks, cardan crank pins are already straight and work in the Operating position with the maximum flapping angle and the maximum effort only approximately in the middle of the cross grinding. The leadership of the cross loops can therefore be made very short and relatively small Airframes are housed. This compact design is supported by the fact that the Conversion of a rotating movement into two phase-shifted oscillating movements and the setting the sail position takes place within only one unit - the cardan crank - and the attachment of a Auxiliary drive is omitted. The structure is independent of operation compared to the »torsion rocker engine adjustable sail position «is even easier and the weight of the rotary oscillating engine is significantly lower.

The scanning device used has, compared to the individual scanning of the planetary gear and internal ring gear the advantage that it is only moved when the Pianetenrad and Innenzahnkraiu in the previously determined Position.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below described. It shows

F i g. 1 rotary oscillating engine with a cardan crank (in operating position),

Fig. 2 Cardan crank operating position in the lower

F i g. 3 cardan crank in middle operating position.

F i g. 4 Cardan crank operating position in top dead center.

Fig. 5 Cardan crank in sail position with crank pin in the middle.

F i g. 6 Cardan crank in sail position with crank pin on the left.

Fig. 7 Cardan crank in sail position with crank pin on the right.

F i g. 8 cardan crank with rotatable internal gear rim in operating position,

F i g. 9 Cardan crank with rotatable inner ring gear in feathered position.

Fig. OK scanning device for planetary and internal gear position in an operating position,

Fig. Il scanning device for planetary and internal gear rim sealing in the feathered position (chamfering position), F i g. 12 cardan circle pair.

An exemplary embodiment for the first proposed solution, a "torsion-swing engine with a saw position that can be set independently of operation," is shown schematically in FIG. 1 shown. A cardan crank arrangement (I) with auxiliary drive (24) for adjusting the internal gear rim (2) is provided with two crank pins (3, 4) offset on the pitch circle diameter of the planetary gear (23). The size of the crank pin offset is primarily based on the required angle of rotation (17) of the rotary rocker (I /), which it largely determines. The crank pin movements are transmitted via two cross loops (5, 6) and two links (9, 10) to a pivot arm (11) mounted with two degrees of freedom. The center lines of the cross loops (5, 6) are inclined towards each other to the same extent (20) as the railway lines (21, 22)

ίο of the two crank pins (3, 4) (see also Fig. 2 to 7). The points of application of the links (9.10) are staggered in the depth of the rotary rocker (11). The rotation and flapping angle of the swing arm and the load distribution on the two can be used

Crank pin by changing the ropes and the distances (12, 13, 14) of the pivot points opposite the impact axis (8) and the axis of rotation (15) can be varied within wide limits. The same applies to the Change of position and spacing of the torsion arm

surface (ti) opposite the oscillation axis (8) and the axis of rotation (15). To stabilize the flight attitude can z. B. an additional forward and backward movement of the swing arm (11) by moving it outside the axis of rotation (15) can be achieved. For this purpose, it is sufficient, for example, to move the axis of rotation (15) in the vicinity (e.g. Point 16) of the impact axis (8) to be angled upwards.

The arrangement shown here can be connected to the two links (9, 10) also directly with a twistable swing arm, as shown in 7. B. in the

M DE-PS 2 30 273 is shown. Even more than two Crank pin and a corresponding number of downstream force transmission elements, especially in the Connection with twistable torsion rockers. In an arrangement with only one

«The crank pin must be used elsewhere for the setting and Fixation of the feathered position in the direction of rotation must be ensured. By arranging additional pivot arms symmetrical to the cross-loop guidance and parallel linkage of several rotary rockers can be their number.

• fo, at least theoretically, can be enlarged as desired. Rotary rockers can also be driven on both sides.

As an example of ilen zu & aininenbang of the movements the cardan crank with the two crank pins (3, 4)

«And the cross loops (5, 6) are in Fig. 2 to 7 some characteristic phases of torsional swing operation are shown schematically. On the representation of the two Cross-loop guides were omitted because of the better overview. You are in all Imagine representations running from top to bottom.

In Fig. 2 are the crank pins (3, 4) - at least approximately - at the bottom dead center. The two cross loops (5, 6) are centered to each other, with

S5 their center lines (18, 19) to the same extent (20) are inclined to one another, like the tracks (21, 22) of the respective crank pins (3, 4). When the Planet gear (23) by the main drive in the specified direction pass through the crank pin (3, 4) one after the other the center of the cardan crank, a position that is shown in FIG. 3 is shown. It corresponds to the Crank position in Fig. 1. You can clearly see the lagging position of one cross loop (5) opposite the other (S). Will the piano wheel (23)

μ further turned, it comes with its crank pin (3,4) into the upper dead center position shown in FIG. the both cross loops (5, 6) are centered to one another here again. The position of the internal gear rim (2)

has not been changed so far, assuming that the main drive is in the position shown in Fig.4 ■ over stops is via an auxiliary drive, in this example with a gear wheel (24), which is also outside Toothed irinenzahrikranz (2) with any Dfehrich * device adjusted so that the railway lines (21, 22) of the two Crank pins are congruent with the cross-loop center lines (18, 19) * as shown in FIG. 5 shown is. At £ 4 the two crank pins (3, 4) run, at least in this case, in the vicinity of the Kafdankufbelachse.

If you let the main drive start again in this sail position after stopping the Ifinenzztfhkranzes (2), the two crank pins (3, 4) move back and forth in their cross loops (5, 6) without the latter moving. This is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 with the representation of the crank pin (3, 4) in the two outermost layers within the cross loops. The handlebar (9.10 in F i g. T) will now be dimensioned such that the rotating blade in the in the central position of the cross-grinding (g F i. 5 to F i g. 7) assumes the desired feathered in rotary and percussion direction .

The adjustment of the internal ring gear (2) takes place in this example in the form of a gear (24), which is from driven by an auxiliary drive, which also engages the externally toothed inner ring gear (2). But also Other linkages, such as the arrangement of a worm gear, cable pull or the like, can be carried out.

With one example the transition of the cardan is ^! 'urbel shown from an operating position into the feathered position and independence from the main drive position. The transition from other operating positions to the feathered position and vice versa while the main drive is running takes place in the same way.

To the 2nd proposed solution, a "torsion-swing engine with wing position by reversing the main drive direction of rotation" also for aircraft to be able to use 4d, it is necessary that at the up and down the torsional swing always unilaterally acting buoyancy forces through balancing forces, z. B. by Kraft-Spcichcf in the form of vuit fires, largely to compensate. This is to ensure that the forces acting on the planetary gear are always those of the Main drive are opposite; it also creates a much more even and smaller load of the main drive achieved. The size of the compensating force (25, shown in FIG. 1) is dimensioned in this way. that it corresponds in its effect approximately to the buoyancy force (26) on the swing arm that with normal ! Gliding occurs The balancing force (25) can! Analogously also at any other point than how shown.

To illustrate the mode of operation of a »Torsional oscillating engine with feathering through Main drive direction of rotation reversal «is a in Fig.8 Corresponding cardan crank arrangement, but with only one crank pin (3) for a better overview, shown schematically The constantly acting on the planetary gear (23) against the main drive force at the application in the aircraft is caused by the damping of the torsional swing movement in the air symbolically represented by a damping cylinder (27) whose piston is directly connected to the cross loop (5) is coupled In one direction of rotation of the main drive, the internal gear rim (2) rotates in one direction, End position limited by a stop (28), the Beffiebsstetlung. Ef stops there And she Cross loop swings up and down. When changing the direction of rotation of the main drive, the inner tooth runs wreath (2), by changing the direction of force on the crank pin and thus also on the planetary gear, in the other end position, also limited by the stop (29), the sail position, which is shown in FIG is. Since in the sail position no or only little forces from the outside via the cross loop (5) on the Planet gear (23) works, remains the internal gear rim (2), Supported by the internal friction of the cross loop and the planetary gear, in this sailing position running main drive.

Based on the sail position, it becomes the main drive direction of rotation switched to "operation", the internal gear rim is activated by the frictional forces of the planet gear and the crank pin within the cross loops more or less quickly into the ßetriebsstelhing brought. This process is carried out with the practical application due to unbalanced, during a flight on the torsion arms, different forces are significantly accelerated. You move the cross loops slightly out of the Sailing position as soon as the crank pins move outside of the dead center. The then move the torsional rocker required forces on the crank pin then adjust the inner ring gear immediately into the operating position limited by the stop.

If you want a "torsion-swing engine with wing position by reversing the main drive direction of rotation" achieve that the crank pin in the sailing position, despite the movable inner ring gear and only stiff, but not necessarily blocked, stationary main drive but forces of different Can record directions from the outside, you have to make sure that the cardan crank is in the dead center is stopped. The two crank pins are then at the dead center of the cardan crank when the Resultant of the two crank pin forces running through the planetary gear axis This requirement is met, when the internal gear rim is in the feathered position, at least one position of the two crank pins Γη close to the inncnzaniikratizaciisc forces on üie Crank pins in the direction of impact no longer have an effect there, at least in certain cases the internal ring gear and the main drive. In practice it is because of the unstable position of this dead center and the possibly unforeseeable distribution of forces on the two crank pins, the crank pins depending on the expected direction of force to stop shortly before or after the dead center so that they are at Internal gear rim stop and on the main drive, albeit with greatly reduced forces. A grid of the internal gear rim positions can also be useful.

During the transition from one to the other position of the internal gear rim, the crank pins each lead after crank starting position before switching, different movements, in particular with respect to the Phase position, off. This can lead to critical operating conditions lead, this can be avoided in many cases by a quick switchover. Is this measure not yet sufficient, it must be ensured that the switchover is always from a previously defined, uncritical crank position takes place

An example of the scanning device for stony engineering, simultaneous acquisition of planetary and

The position of the internal gear rim, in particular in the dead center of the cardan crank in the case of the final position of the sail end position of the linear rim, is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG. 10 shows the movement of the cam (30), which moves with the plafielenfäd (23), on a scanning device (31) without its actuation in the operating position of the internal gear rim (2) and in FIG. II in the feathered position (scanning position) . The full scanning path (32) is only achieved when the internal gear rim (2) and planet gear (23) are in the previously determined position. Ef can then be used to shut down the main drive or for other control tasks. This scanning device can also be used in other applications of a kärdahkufbel with an adjustable inner gear rim. As an example, a changeover between the sail position and an operating position with maximum lift was selected, but the changeover between two operating positions, with opposite phase positions, is possible in the same way.
To illustrate the sequence of movements of the two offset crank pins of a Kar * dankurbel is shown in FIG. 12 schematically the cardan circle * pair of the Innenzahnkfanzes drawn as a base circle (2) and the planet gear as a rolling circle (23). According to the conditions of a cardan crank, the base circle diameter is exactly twice as large as the roll kfeis diameter. In this way, each point of the rolling circle (23) moves on a diameter of the base circle (2) during the rolling process. The path lines (21, 22) of two rolling circle points (3, 4) are particularly emphasized. They correspond to the trajectories of two crank pins arranged offset on the pitch circle diameter of the planetary gear. The position of the two railway lines (2Ϊ, 22) against each other is structurally determined by the size of the crank pin offset and cannot be changed during operation. The common position of the two trajectories (21, 22) can, however, be achieved by rotating the base circle (2) or the internal gear rim

on ΚρΙίρΚίσ um rlpccpti-Aphcp opHrpht u / prrlpn.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

Claims (2)

Patent claims: 1. Torsional vibratory engine, especially for aircraft propulsion, for forming a rotating one Drive movement in a controlled torsional oscillation by means of two mutually offset Crank pin, each over a link, staggered in the depth of the swing arm, on this act to generate a flapping and swinging pivot movement, characterized in that that a cardan crank with internally toothed ring gear (2) is used with a Auxiliary drive (24) can be rotated about the ring gear axis, the two on the planetary gear pitch circle (23) located crank pin (3, 4) each engage in a cross loop (5, 6) that approximately At right angles to the impact (18) and pivot axis (15) slidably mounted and each over a handlebar (9, 10) are connected to the pivot arm (11;), the loop center lines thereof (18, 19) are approximately perpendicular to their common "direction of movement, but in the the same dimensions (20) are inclined towards each other as the intersecting railway lines (21, 22) of the two Crank pin. 2. Torsional vibration engine, especially for aircraft propulsion, for converting a rotating drive movement into a controlled torsional vibration by means of two offset crank pins, each of which is staggered over a link in the depth of the torsion arm and acts on it to generate a flapping and swinging rotation movement, thereby characterized in that a cardan crank with internally toothed ring gear (2) is used, v. obei ύ d the two crank pins (3, 4) located on the planetary gear pitch circle (23) each engage in a cross loop (5 θ), which are displaceably mounted approximately at right angles to the flapping (8) and pivot axis (15) and each over a link (9 , 10) are connected to the rotary rocker (11), the loop center lines (18, 19) of which are approximately perpendicular to their common direction of movement, but are inclined to the same extent (20) as the intersecting path lines (21, 22) of the two crank pins that the internal gear rim of the cardan crank is freely rotatable between two end positions limited by stops (28, 29) so that the change in the main drive direction of rotation also changes the internal gear rim end positions, these being selected so that in one End position the crank pin tracks are congruent with the cross loop center lines and in the other end position the cross loops have the intended stroke and the desired have the necessary phase relationship with each other, and that the control-related, simultaneous detection of a certain gear rim position and a certain crank position is done by a (31) cam (30) scanned from a fixed point, which rotates with the planetary gear (23). The invention relates to a rotary oscillating engine, in particular for aircraft propulsion, for forming a rotating drive movement in a controlled torsional oscillation by means of two offset to each other arranged crank pin, which each have a link, staggered in the depth of the swing arm, to this for Generate a flapping and swing arm rotation. When using torsional vibrating engines in aircraft construction, it is necessary to make the transition from Power flight to gliding flight and vice versa, at least once for landing, but possibly also during the flight ίο to be carried out several times. In addition to a good power flight efficiency by controlled three-way oscillator movements, at least in the wing area close to the fuselage also a good gliding efficiency through a corresponding setting of the angle of attack during de *> Gliding flight can be achieved. Since a failure of the main drive cannot be ruled out, it should be turned off For safety reasons, too, the feathering position be adjustable as independently of the main drive and the respective pivot arm position. aside from that is used to set or optimize various flight conditions, e.g. B. a change between travel and Climbing flight, the control of the swing arm flapping angle useful. It is known that Professor Erich von Holst used torsion-swing flight models to demonstrate bird flight with »rubber motor« (model building magazine »Mechanikus«, Verlag I. F. Schreiber, Eßlingen am Neckar, 4/63, page 141). The stored tensile or torsional energy becomes a Rubber strands over two simple cranks, the common axis of which is perpendicular to the direction of flight, onto the Torsional swing transmitted. These lead through the twist-proof connection of the linkage a controlled torsional oscillation from the swing arm spar, but have no control devices whatsoever for subsequent influencing during the flight. After the »rubber motor« has run down, an approximate mean feathered position achieved at least in the direction of impact that by application and Combination of power transmission elements with non-uniform motion gears (e.g. crank, elliptical winding plate, etc.) a balance of forces between drive energy and buoyancy at the Swing arm with a slight V-position of the Ίί Torsional swing sets. The disadvantage here is that in In this feathering position, the torsional rockers in the direction of rotation are almost at their maximum negative angle of attack and therefore only allow relatively poor gliding efficiencies. A compensation through a The corresponding adjustment angle difference on the horizontal stabilizer is only possible to a limited extent. For larger swing arm aircraft is the use of such aids to achieve an average feathering position unsuitable at all. The bad glide angle means an unbearably hard landing at the Landing. In addition, the wings are relieved during the landing by the Residual energy in the »rubber motor« is pressed down and grinds on the floor. This kind of Sail inlay is also available for other rotating drives such as /. B. Internal combustion engines not applicable because this creates an automatic equilibrium of forces in the sail position after the engine has been switched off is attainable. The same disadvantages are also shown by the more simply built toy planes (DEOS 19 58 011), In addition, these do not perform any controlled pivoting movements in the wing area close to the fuselage and are therefore only for fast-hitting, small ones