DE2628155A1 - IC engine with compression and combustion cylinders - has cylinder arranged side by side with common crank and heat insulation for combustion cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The four working strokes are divided between two cylinders arranged side by side and working from a common crank shaft. The combustion air is inducted and compressed in the first cooled compression cylinder. The compressed charge is then transferred via a transfer valve (17) to the second cylinder before both pistons reach t.d.c. while the exhaust valve (19) is closed. The residue exhaust gases could be expelled if necessary by air from slots in the cylinder wall before the power piston reaches t.d.c. This process also helps to cool the exhaust valve. The second cylinder is insulated against heat losses and contains a heat storage and exchange insert (10) in the cylinder head. The combustion chamber (10a) is formed as a turbulence head and embedded in the heat exchanger.

Description

Ewald Renner "Combustion Engine" Munich, June 20th, 7 (5 8 Munich 60

2) Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber designed as a swirl chamber is limited outside and inside byc-h cylindrical or conical, concentric walls (10a and 10b), a flat upper wall and the piston head located in the top dead center and an annular space forms, the diameter of which is dimensioned according to the gas path in the available time so that the focal beam is circulated in a circle at least one or more times that the inlet space is conically widened in its axial direction towards the piston head _? that the gas-wetted surface and the heat exchanger, in which the vortex chamber is embedded _s and the heat exchanger on the piston crown, through hip, warts, lamellar, wire packets, or is increased similarly, and a plurality of such vortex chambers can be arranged in paralell or in series ,,

3) Internal combustion engine according to claims 1-2, characterized in that the exhaust valve (19) is protected against poor radiation during the combustion period by covering it by means of a piston attachment (12a).

4) internal combustion engine according to claim 1-3, characterized in that that to generate a sight charge, the fuel through the nozzle (16) into the dead space of the compression cylinder, before the compression stroke, is injected.

5) internal combustion engine according to claim 1-4, characterized in that that the addition of water into the dead space of the compression cylinder Nozzle (16) to reduce the compression, cylinder head and the Abges temperatures, as well as to increase performance through the Steam generation, the latter as known, is provided.

6) Internal combustion engine according to claims 1-5 »characterized in that an ignition or between the overflow valve and the swirl chamber Glow plug (18) and / or a high pressure injection nozzle £ 20) is arranged for fuel.

7) Internal combustion engine according to claim 1-6, characterized in that the spray jet of the nozzle (16) for fuel and water, for the purpose Cooling, on the plate of the overflow valve (17) is gprierter.

709881/0105

Dipl.-Ing. Ewald Renner Munich, June 20th, 1976

8000 Munich 60 ,

Menterstr. 11 "* ι r -> η ι r- r-

2b28 I 55

Subject of the patent application: "Combustion engine"

The present application deals with an internal combustion engine that as a reciprocating or Dreb piston engine, with mixture or air intake, also works with stratified charge, similar to the Otto or Diesel process, but with a four-stroke system distributed over 2 cylinders with an improved thermal efficiency, pollutant-rich exhaust gases, the use of low octane, i.e. lead-free fuels, compact design and reduced noise level.

The fuel utilization in the engine depends on the thermal process used and is around $ 24-28 for medium-sized Otto engines, 35-40 # in diesel engines, and up to 45 # in large engines . With the former, about one third each is lost through cylinder cooling and exhaust gases, with diesel accordingly less. From the petrol and diesel engine almost equally large heat losses of about 32} 6 go 60-70 f> of it, lost or about $ 22> the BremiBtoffwärme through the cylinder head, the rest through the cylinder.

Each of the process of the application is now supposed to take a considerable part of this cylinder head heat by means of a heat-proof, as a heat accumulator and exchanger trained cylinder head, as well as the exhaust gas heat, can be used to increase performance.

However, this is only possible with increased, diesel-like compression ratios possible where the exhaust gases are relaxed more than with Otto engines. Here, however, the compression level is determined by the knock resistance the fuels are limited, which are currently predominantly with environmentally harmful substances Lead additives is achieved.

According to the registration procedure, despite the high compression unleaded fuels can also be used.

To reduce the pollutants in the exhaust gases, such as CO, GH and Ν0 _χ , the following methods have been known so far: 1) The afterburning of the exhaust gases, also in catalytic converters, which, however, increases fuel consumption and is expensive, 2) the stratified charge, with the first one fat and then a lean mixture is burned, which

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Ewald Renner " Combustion Moter" Munich, June 20, 1976 8 Munich 60

- gives usable values, 3) the continuous combustion in special burners, which gives very good values but cannot be used for the present case, and 4) the known diesel process, which, apart from from the soot and odor nuisance works relatively low in harmful substances.

The procedure after registration enables the use of stratified charge and a subsequent circulation combustion in the hot vortex head, so that here too in the direction of low-pollutant exhaust gases with advantages is to count.

To improve the conditions mentioned, the application now proposes an internal combustion engine in which the 4 working cycles are reduced to 2 Cylinders are divided in the way that suction and compression the load in a separate, cooled compression cylinder with the smallest possible dead space, and the combustion, the expansion and the extension in another, the power cylinder, with a larger diameter, heat-like combustion chamber, which is designed as a vortex head, as well as heat storage and exchanger, takes place. So is the floor the power piston has a heat storage plate.

The combustion of the mixture or the fuel in the compressed Air flows over from the compression cylinder into the combustion chamber of the power cylinder, behind the overflow valve. The pistons of the compression and power cylinders are almost reaching at the same time the top dead center, the latter possibly leading a little. In both cylinders, as a unit, ^ occurs with every revolution Power stroke instead, as with a well-known Σ-ΖνϋηαβΓ ^ -Τβ ^ ηιοΐοΓ. This unit has 3 valves namely, the inlet, the overflow and the exhaust valve.

The compression and force cylinders can preferably be parallel arranged to each other and the pistons driven by the same crank of a crankshaft. But there are also others like side by side, opposing or angled arrangements possible, in which the upper dead spaces are together and the pistons reach them almost simultaneously.

The high mixture compression in the subject of the application is possible because that in addition to the jacket cooling of the compression cylinder another known water spray cooling together with the fuel

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709881/0105 ₃

Ewald Renner "Combustion Motor " Munich, June 20, 1976 8 Munich 60

is provided in an amount that this by the heat of compression completely evaporates and overheats, keeping the temperature below the auto-ignition limit of the fuel. This steam is in the combustion chamber on the heat exchanger from combustion gases continues to heat up and provides additional power steam with a slightly lower exhaust gas temperature. The water addition is best depending controlled by the load, such as the exhaust gas temperature.

The overflow valve must be used to allow the new charge to enter the combustion chamber open before dead center after the exhaust valve has closed to avoid charge losses. The ones not pushed out Eest gases in the power cylinder are therefore somewhat compressed, because ^ c! and heated at the heat exchangers, so /> this gained energy to the process comes too good.

In the known naturally aspirated engines, residual gases therefore have a harmful effect Effect, because they first have to expand on the suction stroke before the new charge is sucked in, which worsens the degree of filling.

Should it turn out, however, that a dead space flushing and / or a Zusatzkühlang aes exhaust valve is useful, then it would be it is possible after registration through slots "above the piston in the lower Dead center, air as a cushion of about half a cylinder filling the crankcase pump or a blower, which takes the residual gases with it when it is pushed out and cools the exhaust valve. "

According to Fig. 1, 1 is the compression cylinder with piston 2, 3 is the larger power cylinder with piston 4-, which is connected by means of connecting rods 5 and 6 are driven by the common crank 7 of the crankshaft 8. The diameter ratio of the compression to the power cylinder is determined by the amount of air to be sucked in, the supplied cylinder head heat and the still economical exhaust gas temperatures and pressures. The smaller the diameter of the compression cylinder, even when charging, the lower the compression work.

The common cylinder head 9 contains the isolated one above the power cylinder Use 10 as a heat storage and exchanger made of scale-resistant Material in which the combustion chamber 10a designed as a swirl chamber is embedded. See also Fig.2 - Section: A-A. Also the Power piston bottom is provided with a heat exchanger plate 12,

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COPY

Ewald Renner "Combustion Engine" MUnofcen, June 20th, 1976

8 Munich 60

which is well insulated from the piston. 11 and 13 are the insulation layers in the cylinder head and on the piston.

To as much as possible, that is to about 25 fi to capture the heat of combustion of the application, the cylinder head is in accordance pulled down over the hot zone against the piston ring road and to increase the heat exchanger surfaces, the diameter / stroke ratio as in the known IJotoren greater than 1, ie over-square.

The new charge is sucked in via the (pressure relieved) inlet valve 14. In the case of small engines, however, this could also be done via slots above the lower piston dead center position. In the case of stratified charge operation, lean gas or air can be sucked in and the rich layer by injecting an additional charge via nozzle 16, according to the application, into the head in front of the overflow valve be introduced at the beginning of the compression stroke by means of a low-pressure pump.

The head 2a of the compression piston is formed so that he Keeps dead space at the inlet and overflow valve as small as possible. That The rich mixture stored here is released when the overflow valve is opened before top dead center except in the combustion chamber or the The vortex chamber is pushed, where it is ignited by the ignition or glow plug arranged in front of it. When the engine is hot, the Ignition by itself on the wall of the swirl chamber.

The overflow valve closes at top dead center or shortly afterwards, after the load has been pushed out almost completely into the combustion chamber became.

As is known, they are formed when the fat is burned. Mixture less ϋθ _χ -, but more CO- and C _x H-TeHe, which burn in the subsequent lean mixture or ^e £ uft. This post-combustion takes place, according to the application, in the downstream vortex chamber, in which the focal jet is guided in a circle so that it has to intersect the incoming jet, which can be done one or more times depending on the time available at tendon frequency. As a result, the last remnants of unburned material are captured, so that the exhaust gases can be expected to be as low in pollutants as possible.

The flame guide in the vortex head can be seen in Fig. 2 and 3, where s_ mean the point of intersection of the focal ray. With larger engines several vortex heads can also be connected in parallel or in series will.

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Ewald Renner "Combustion Engine" Munich, June 20th, 1976

8 Munich 60

In contrast to the well-known Vor- und Wirbelka: n: mr; ern, where only one Part of the static charge with the injected fuel is swirled and ignited in order to improve the fuel distribution to discharge into the main combustion chamber, the entire charge for the objects of registration is in the following order: rich part, lean part, one after the other in the flow, in circular forced circulation and repeated overlapping around a vertebral core.

The vortex chamber according to the application Fig. 1 has a cylindrical shape to conical outer jacket 10a and vortex core 10b, which together with the top bottom and the top dead center a moment practical The remaining piston crown forms an annular chamber in which the circulating combustion takes place. The conical extension of the vortex chamber towards the piston side favors the gas ejection in the direction of the piston movement. As I said before, the surface is for the better Heat exchange through ribs or the like. Enlarged.

There at the end of the application the combustion during the inflow . takes place in the swirl chamber, as a combustion jet, and not in the closed combustion chamber as in the known engines, a sudden Knocking does not occur. Rather, it is to be expected with an even pressure-like, quieter combustion, so that even at a high compression ratio the engine hardly needed to be reinforced compared to Otto engines.

Take the heat exchangers 10 and 12 in the cylinder head and on the piston crown part of the heat that would otherwise be dissipated by the cooling and transfer it to the cargo, which increases the exhaust gas temperature will. In order to reduce this to a normal value, the fuel supply can be throttled, which increases the thermal efficiency equals.

After registration, however, instead of throttling the fuel, it is also possible As is known, to inject more water and to increase the output through the resulting additional steam.

The exhaust gases are expelled via outlet valve 19. Since this is thermal is heavily loaded, it is arranged in the cool cylinder head and optimally cooled. To protect against direct heat radiation, it is placed next to the vortex chamber and during the hottest burn period shielded by the piston attachment 12a, which at the same time closes the dead space under the valve.

7Ö9881 / 01Ö5

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Ewald Renner "Combustion Engine" Munich, June 20th, 1976 8 Munich 60

er exhaust gases

To avoid heat losses when the cooler exhaust gases are expelled is the cylindrical Y / andung under the exhaust valve inside with a Insulating layer 10c provided.

In diesel operation, the fuel can, as is known, be injected by means of a high pressure pump via nozzle 20 behind the overflow valve and in front of the swirl chamber.

After registration, however, in most cases it will be sufficient to inject the fuel by means of a low-pressure pump via the nozzle 16 in front of the overflow valve at the beginning of the compression stroke, so that it is vaporized and processed there and the ignition delay is reduced.

As with diesel, the output is regulated by adding fuel.

The 3 valves are controlled in a known manner by the camshaft 21 via rocker arm or equivalent. After registration, however, it is also possible instead of the valves use suitable rotary, plate or flat slide valves.

In the design shown in Fig. 1, in which both pistons of are driven by the same crank of a crankshaft, the crankshaft and engine pan are shortened compared to normal 4-stroke in-line engines, almost by half. The resulting space savings and cost reduction should be for vehicle or ship engines often be essential.

The principle of the Uotore after registration can also be used with rotary piston, or use rotary motors in which an appropriate seal against the high pressures that occur is possible leaves.

-7 claims:

709881/0105

Claims (1)

Ewald Eenner "Combustion Engine" Munich, June 20th, 1976 8 Some 60 patent claims; 1) Combustion engine with mixed or air intake and fuel injection, as a reciprocating or rotary piston Lfiotor, similar to the Otto or Diesel process works, characterized in - that the 4 work cycles are divided into 2 cylinders in such a way that the intake and compression stroke in a smaller compression cylinder (1), the combustion, the expansion and extension stroke in a larger power cylinder (3) take place, -that the two cylinders are parallel, the upper dead spaces together and the pistons (2 and 4) running in it reach top dead center almost at the same time, with the two pistons from a crank (7), a crankshaft (B), or two adjacent ones Cranks are driven in a known manner via connecting rods (5 and 6), -that txtb is arranged in the common cylinder head (S) above the power cylinder an insulated insert as a heat storage and exchanger (10) with the combustion chamber embedded therein, which is designed as a swirl chamber (10a, b) for circulating combustion, -that there is an isolated against this at the bottom of the power piston (4) Heat exchanger plate (12) is located, which has the smallest possible dead space, contains an outflow valve to the combustion chamber of the power cylinder, -that the outlet valve (19) in the cylinder head of the power cylinder next to the vortex chamber and is arranged isolated from it, -that in the head of Kompressior.szylinders before the overflow valve, an injection nozzle (ISS) for fuel and water, as additional cooling is arranged, which is fed by a low pressure pump and pressurized z \ x beginning of the compression stroke, -that the addition of water to the injection nozzle (16) depends on the load, e.g. from the exhaust gas temperature is controlled, -that an air cushion through slots for flushing the dead space of the power cylinder (22) is blown in in this above the BDC position of the piston, -that the inlet valve (14) through suction slots (15) in the compression cylinder can be replaced. 709881/0105 " ⁸ " COPY -that the compression cylinder is as small as possible a (pressure-relieved) inlet valve (14) uriS einVub