DE2624661A1 - Central heating installation with heat pump - is driven only during off:peak tariff hours and has heat storage facility - Google Patents

Abstract

A central heating and cooling system is operated by a heat pump, and has distribution networks for both heated and chilled water. The heat pump operates only intermittently, preferably on cheap-rate electricity, but the heating and cooling may be supplied continuously. The heat pump is driven hard enough to produce storable heat and cold. In addition, storage is provided for used hot water, which serves as a source of heat the next time the heat pump is operated, and is then discarded. The system is preferably adapted to varying seasonal requirements by regulating the speed of the heat pump motor. It is intended to produce temperatures high enough for some cooking, as well as washing, etc., and low enough for refrigerator and deep-freeze.

Description

Heat pump network with storage and connections to it.

The invention relates to a heat pump network with storage and associated facilities, with a central machine and control system, consisting of compressor, expansion turbine and power-compensating drive motor, suitable for the Joule process of a gaseous one, known from the cold air machine Medium, the sc is controlled, that a multiple of the external drive energy in a double distribution network connected via converters flows in which separately Hot water and a suitable cooling medium in the flow and return connected consumers, Households or commercial operations, supplied with heat of various quality. o some kind of feedback within the cycle, combined with appropriately defined Return temperatures, keeps the heat fed into the distribution network as required high and the output coupled to the expansion turbine via a refrigerant very low in temperature, the cold consumers being those to be supplied in the rice process Supply some of the heat yourself.

The purpose of the invention is to contribute to the satisfaction of the increasing Our society's demands on quality of life, while maintaining higher-level economic ones and overall ecological interests, such as the economical use of primary energy Preservation of world reserves, minimal air pollution and ecological relief our receiving waters.

It is undisputed that the quality of life is adequately heated and possibly air-conditioned apartments, hot water, heat for washing and drying, as well as the disposal about cold for sports facilities, in enduring and for storage needs.

In accordance with the high level of our technology, a large number of Offers available for this, but households' inenergy consumption was already in place in 1970 higher than that of industry, and because of the direct use of primary energy in individual cases Particularly wasteful, becomes a more time conscious economic process give preference. These include perennial heat supplies, which are particularly cheap when waste heat from power plants is used.

Remote supply also means the convenient use of electricity, which is superior to some other Porm and is particularly cheap when low load energy is recycled.

Cold is generated locally in the household and storage facility, for what purpose Electric power is required because gas refrigerators are not of great importance to have.

With low-load electricity, especially with night electricity, you can also get hot water store, but mostly this is produced in water heaters, as well as washing machines and dryers have to be fed with valuable peak electricity.

A full bath requires approx. 10 kWh and connection values of approx. 20 kW while Washing machines and dryers, require 5 to 6 kW.

Fridges and freezers consume 1.5 to 3 k.ih daily and put a strain on the cos phi of the power distribution networks when the connected load is low.

The use of electricity appears to be cheaper when using heat pumps, such as in the book "Electric Room Heating" by Herbert Modlitz, Springer-Verlag 1975, is discussed in various chapters.

The simultaneous supply of heat and cold via a double Distribution network, which is fed from a central unit with a heat pump system, is in the patent application P 25 o8 043.7 described.

All previous methods are not particularly economical with the primary energy um, which is all the more serious than in highly industrialized countries in our climate zone the heat demand, be it for space heating or for processes, 70 to 80% of the total Energy requirement, with household and small consumption taking up about 40%.

At the same time, the question arises of the extent to which primary energy sources will be used in the long term are available without prior conversion into electrical energy can be used to cover noise needs. If you take long-term into account Forecasts that the supply of oil and natural gas will be depleted in proportion A short period of time can be expected, in the long term only hard coal, lignite and hydropower are available and nuclear energy are available, i.e. energy sources that are already essentially available today can only be made usable through electrical energy.

Houses have a significant lifespan, so you can already do that now must take into account the conditions of the year 2000 in order to plan the Heat supply - including the need for cooling for air conditioning and heating equipment heard - to ensure timely.

ith current technology, this requirement cannot be met, not even with the energy-saving heat pumps and not even with the universal ones provision of heating and cooling for the overall needs of households P 25 o8 o43.7, since the necessary use of low-load energy is not possible with it is.

Whereas in the past peak power plants were operated with cheap Röhöl h t, you have to reckon with more base load units in the future, that is, with more Light load energy.

This realistic assessment of our future energy supply, In no way through a possible use of solar radiation or geothermal energy would be called into question, since in the FRG these sources are only available in the form of electricity Electricity could be used, and that the widespread distribution of the electrical Energy unfolds its special laws, justifies the task to be solved: Saving of primary energy; use of sleep energy, which is increasingly available stands, the more the mechanization of industry advances with temporal concentration; Economical supply of refrigeration for storage tasks and air conditioning systems; Deactivation unfavorable network load at peak times due to the increasing requirements for washing and drying the laundry and avoiding direct implementation at all electrical power for heat generation and improvement of the receiving water ecology by cooling the domestic water.

The solution to the problem proposed here takes into account at the same time the future priority of investment, for which, as opposed to the increasingly scarce nascent energy sources labor and material is available, provides the for Household and commercial purposes required heat via a double distribution network with one to warm and a cold medium are available and used to generate this heat in various ways vualitat a heat pump process in a central system, which means that each kh is a multiple of the direct conversion value of the electric current becomes available.

The distinguishing feature of the invention is that the control center is only intermittent is in operation, preferably during the off-peak times of an electricity supply network, when electricity is plentiful and offered at a reasonable rate.

The objective feature of the inventive proposal is such a high one Temperature at the compressor outlet of the heat pump process used, which the Joule process of a gas is that the intended feed temperature into the hot network it is significantly exceeded, so that the difference is storage of thermal energy in heat-insulated hot water storage tanks of suitable size, as well as analog such a significant decrease in temperature on the outlet side of the expansion turbine, that a part tailored to the needs of the customer through a refrigerant in a heat-insulated Sanirnel container for one with the hot water storage corresponding period can be saved.

In addition, there is the collection of that which is to be returned by the consumers Process water in a container with thermal insulation and its use for cover the amount of heat that is necessary to maintain the cycle as the remainder is, meanwhile, the main part of the amount of heat to be supplied to the process, because of the particularly low process temperature, automatically from the distribution cold network is delivered.

The domestic water stored during the downtime of the control center After its heat has been withdrawn for the process, it is fed to the receiving water as usual.

The storage provided in the system allows e.g. an operation only with night power, while other low-load valleys are also being used makes a downsizing of the plant possible.

The adjustment to seasonally fluctuating demand takes place without significant Loss of efficiency due to a change in the mass of the medium circulating in the cycle and / or the speed of the machine set imposed by the electric motor in the Headquarters. Thereby the simultaneous dependence on the mentioned feedback as well as the return temperatures.

The components for the automatic control of such a linalge are state of the art. With them you can do something that is tailored to the season Program, depending on the outside temperature and what is still in the storage tanks Supply, reloading economically by shortening the operating times and / or changing of the performance in the manner indicated above, in order to particularly favorably low-load areas to exploit the electricity supply networks.

there are differences between supply and demand in relation to on different heat qualities, a far-reaching compensation can also take place here. If, for example, not enough heat is called up in midsummer, the need for cold increases For air conditioners and artificial ice rinks, the discrepancy can be overcome by shifting equalize the temperature range in the cycle.

Wanted ii: if necessary, the necessary supply of process heat Neither from the cold network nor from the service water at a sufficient level can be in a known manner and as for similar heat pump processes Already tested, another contribution from the groundwater, a river or lake, or can be obtained from the atmosphere yourself.

the embodiment of the invention is not limited to that only Means of generation, storage and distribution of heat and cold. Accordingly the needs of consumers, but it is also far-reaching flow @@@@@@@ rger at the Ab - @@ ern.

Fridges and freezers become mere thermally insulated boxes, where electricity is only used for internal lighting and for operating the thermostats is needed.

Cold falls in abundance that one might think of in operate more extensive artificial ice rinks, as well as comfortably owning your own swimming pool can heat.

Particularly noteworthy is the possibility of every household to equip with air conditioning. The return temperature of the cold medium could be lie relatively high and contribute to particularly favorable circulatory conditions. These air conditioning systems would be inexpensive, since practically only one fan is required which blows the air over a cooling register.

on the warm side are due to the high flow temperature in the distribution network to achieve revolutionary results.

Heaters are without any problems, but leave a considerable amount Lowering the return temperature, which brings advantages.

Washing machines will have a much smaller electrical connection device because the majority of the energy, the heating of the washing water, is now vomited from the hot water of the network. Same goes for dryer that then establish themselves to a greater extent direct.

For grilling and roasting is also ii '. eat water at this high temperature Correctly suitable, but long cooking processes could be done without the risk of something burns, can be carried out with it if the Berdes is appropriately designed. Also his hot water for @e as @ l @ @@@ @@ em at hand, making these devices special become simple and not burden the power grid at peak times.

There are far-reaching advantages by applying the invention opened up for the general economy as well as for the individual.

Thus, consumer interest is becoming the trend from furniture to installation consistently continued.

The heating is automated and hot water is problem-free Available, whereby this offer is also sufficient for cooking temperature, so that washing machines and dryer can be operated.

Cold for refrigerators and freezers is supplied and this Devices become indestructible because they no longer contain any machine assemblies. Through this Einkt inkreis for the help and this saving is enough for large networks to the Compensate the procurement costs of the machines in the head office.

In the case of washing machines and dryers, the savings are not in the procurement price, but in the absence of relative peak energy in power distribution. Since the Machine center can be connected to the Kittel voltage network, result Savings in the low-voltage networks.

This macroeconomic effect. is particularly important and must in connection with the planned utilization of the off-peak times of the electricity supply locations be seen.

Here lies the decisive means of the invention proposal, since one Better economy under the form of energy supply is indispensable.

Power plants are becoming more and more expensive and, especially blatant with nuclear power plants, the fuel costs are relatively lower.

The construction of nuclear power plants appears z. Currently problematic, so that hat is more predictable, our increasing energy demand - the expenditure for increasing @@@ ter @@ @@@ qqq expansion of the power plant capacities, but rather through a more complete utilization of existing facilities, by reducing the peak load and filling in the low-load valleys. The nonsense @@ @@@@ @gang of the @@@ ustaltsdauer, @@ size ini Compared to the overall requirements already mentioned, an important role. Are the networks by a large number of small consumers at peak times especially stressed, the wave must be enlarged unnecessarily, one used for these needs, however, @@@@ t @@@@, @@@@ @@@ with the old works for a long time to come.

but where post-flow valleys are filled, for example, by electric storage heaters are, you can do 2.5 times the number of situations with El ~ ver @@ sig @, @, If you use the invention proposal, it will give you more warmth in this ratio is provided for each kWh consumed.

The exploitation of low low-load tariffs the economy of the battered Investing doubled, you can afford to use the Joule circuit with the intended to operate at extreme temperature values, although lower temperature differences guarantee a much higher figure of merit in such processes. 5 would be omitted with consideration of high system efficiency both the possibility of iärme and To store cold for a long time, as well as solving the urgent task of all Heat consumers in the household, which in their entirety are precisely the economy burden our electricity supply, to supply it with cheap stored heat and the small refrigeration units, the number of which is constantly increasing, and the economy as a whole burdened with billions to avoid.

Only through this heat pump network with storage will they expand Sections of the population developed the convenience of air conditioning, something special matters because politicians are currently discuss whether given our precarious energy conditions the expansion of air conditioning would have to be limited.

The danger posed to the ecology of our receiving waters is also known threatened by exposure to waste heat. From the holdings flows increasing heat in the sewage, so that it is a valuable help, if the process removes heat from the domestic water, so that one aucli here approaches the ideal of the closed cycle.

The heat pump network with storage and a double distribution network to the consumers, as well as some communications with them, is for example in Fig. 2 is shown schematically using known symbols.

For a better understanding, however, the ligand of FIG Joule cycle used in the invention explained.

It is known from the cold air machine and is best used in an enthalpy-temperature-entropy diagram in which the isobars - in ig.1 e.g. for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 kp.cm-2 - are entered. The isentropes for compression and expansion are perpendiculars between the isobars. In the event of a discovery could for example be the cycle 1,2,3,4,1 between the isobars 1,25 and 4 kp.cm-2 with the temperatures 75, 210, 15 and -65 ° for the specified points in their order from 1 to 4 can be used.

The circulating gas mass of the circuit is used to increase the power enlarged by increasing the pressure, the result is, for example, the circuit 1 ', 2 ', 3', 4 ', 1' between the isobars 1.56 and 5 kp.cm-2 with approximately the same Temperatures.

It is also possible to reduce the performance by lowering the pressure.

Is a lower one for the overall operation of the heat pump center Proportion of heat required, this can be avoided by reducing the peak temperature, e.g. from 2100 to 180 ° can be taken into account. To do this would be a reduction in Machine speed around 11 is required to be able to with suitably certain seconds Circulating mass to achieve the diagram 1, 5, 6, 7, 1. When changing the return conditions it would also be possible to go to points 8 and 4 instead of 6 and 7.

The speed is changed by controlling the speed-maintaining Motor 11, Fig.2, which the differential energy between turbine 10 and compressor 9 must raise.

The temperatures of the Joule process are except with the circulating Gas mass and the speed of the machines also with the temperatures t1 to t6 Fig.2 in an organic context.

In Fig.2, the coupled machines, already mentioned, form a compressor 9, expansion turbine 10 and speed-maintaining electric motor 11 ie insert of the control center.

Gas with temperature t1 flows on compressor 9, past the bypass with throttle 12, through the heat exchangers 13, 14, and 15 via temperature measuring point t2 and the feedback heat exchanger 16 to the expansion turbine 10. From their Outlet further via the heat exchangers 17, 18 and 16 back to the compressor, which closes the Joule cycle described on ianu in FIG. 1 in the headquarters is.

Lie circulating pump 21 requires taking into account the temperature t3 the heat carrier, which supplies the consumers in the double distribution network, via the heat exchanger 15 and the throttle 24. This stent like throttle 19, below the influence of temperature t4 and both keep in interaction even when switched off Central system and filled heat accumulators 22 and 23 the desired flow temperature in the warm network. Check valve 20 protects the distribution network when the throttle 19 is closed.

The warning network with a high temperature, over 100 °, becomes the consumer Dryers 25, washing machines 26 and, via heat exchangers 29, dishwashers 30 and Hot water consumer 31 served. Heaters are used in a known manner via heat exchangers 33 connected.

Hot domestic water is supplied to the thermally insulated domestic water storage tank via lines 34 35 headed.

The supply of the old network takes place from the heat exchanger 17.

The coolant is controlled by lamp 36, according to temperature t5, either via the storage tank 37 and 38, or according to the flow temperature t6 routed via the segregating throttle 39 to the refrigeration consumers. These are air conditioners 40, freezers 41 and also, for example, artificial ice rinks 42 or other commercial ones Customer.

There is plenty of cold, and since the heat pump network heats in the Of the order of 2,000 kcal per kWh of energy consumed in the center and this with cheap low-load electricity, it is economical to represent cold to sell cheaply. To do this, one must realize that currently in a one-person apartment the refrigerator 75% of the total for cooking, lighting, radio and refrigerator consumed the electricity required.

The cycle of this heat pump network will become an important part from the heat of the domestic water that collects in 35 at a considerable temperature fed. When the center is in operation, i> umpe 43 delivers, for example via the perforated funnel tube 44 properly mixed, water from container 35 via heat exchanger 18, to the collector 45, from which, however, drain 46 the process water as usual through sewage treatment plants runs to the receiving water.

The size of the rice walking machines in the headquarters, the the heat exchanger and the pipes depend on the number of consumers, the fluctuations in consumption and the low-load valleys in the power grid. other The differentiated consumption is differentiated with control means according to the State of the art by adding lines to the circular process according to the diagrams in Fig. 1 carried. Switching measures, such as differentiated activation of bypasses, like the one at choke 12, are especially to be processed together with in programs Details of the various temperatures t1 to t6 are effective.

The necessary but well-known ones are not shown figuratively Safety devices, expansion vessels and pressure maintenance in the distribution networks and save.

Claims (10)

Heat pump network with storage and facilities for it. Claims. with 'Närmepumpenverbund with associated devices for household and economy, with a double distribution network in which separately, hot water and a suitable cooling medium in the flow and return, the connected consumers are made available in which heat and cold are interdependent is generated by the Joule process of a gas that a multiple of the supplied Drive energy of the - from compressor, expansion turbine and power-compensating Existing electric motor, combined in a central - machine system for the said Cycle process, given off to the consumer in iorm of heat at different temperatures is, with fixing these temperatures through some kind of feedback within of the cycle in combination with specific return temperatures from the networks, whereby the consumers the amount of heat to be supplied in the cycle deliver in whole or in part by yourself, characterized by intermittent operation the machine system in the center for the cycle process, preferably in use lower tariff delivery times for electrical energy during delivery of the connected consumers with heat quantities qualified according to temperature and quantity takes place uninterruptedly as required. 2. Heat pump network with associated facilities for household and Economy, with a central machine and control system consisting of a compressor, Relaxation turbine and electric motor with equal output, suitable for the from the process known from the cold air machine (Joule process) of a gaseous medium, as a generation and distribution station for heat and cold for over heat exchangers and double distribution network connected households, as well as commercial and municipal consumer , with feedback within the cycle, which in combination with suitably determined return temperatures from the networks for warm and cold medium, the level of the hot water fed into the consumer hot water network as needed and the output coupled to the outlet of the expansion turbine lowers the temperature via a refrigerant in the consumer cold network, whereby the refrigeration consumers partly themselves the amount of heat to be supplied in the cycle deliver, g e k e k e n n n z e i c h n e t by one at the compressor outlet of the said Cyclic process imposed by the aforementioned measures, which the The intended feed temperature in the hot network is so significantly exceeded that the difference It is more practical to store thermal energy in thermally insulated hot water storage tanks Size made possible, as well as by ahaloge lowering of the temperature on the outlet side the expansion turbine so deep that a tailored to the needs of the customer Part by a coolant in a thermally insulated container for one with the Heat storage corresponding period can be saved, as well by collecting the process water returned by the consumers in one thermally insulated container and the use of domestic water heat via heat exchangers to cover the amount of heat needed to maintain the cycle the rest is necessary, while the main part of the amount of heat to be supplied because of the particularly deep lowering of the process temperature for the storage tank operation is automatically supplied from the distribution network, as well as the return line of the chilled service water into the receiving waters. 3. Heat pump assembly according to claim 1 and 2, d a d u r c h g e # it is not indicated that it is necessary to adapt to seasonal fluctuations in the Demand ratio of heat and cold, the storage capacity for heat (22,23) is designed according to the maximum ratio and regulation when it is smaller increasing share of heat is carried out by changing the heat storage capacity. 4. execution according to claim 3, characterized in that the reduction the heat storage capacity by lowering the maximum circuit temperature (at 2) obtained by changing the compression ratio (1.2) e.g. according to (1.5). 5. interest device according to claim 4, characterized in that the change the compression ratio (1,2) by changing the speed of an electronic influenced electric motor takes place. 6. Electric stove for a heat pump network according to claims 1 to 5, characterized by a built-in cooking device for operation either directly with hot water or after converting it into steam. 7. Air conditioning for operation in a heat pump network according to the Claims 1 to 5, characterized by the omission of built-in heating or / and cooling systems for direct operation with electricity, so that electricity only to drive a fan for air circulation and control purposes is needed while the air conditioning effect by blowing air over one built-in exchange register fed from the distribution network is effected. 8. Washing machines and dryers for use in a heat pump network according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the same electricity only for control and switching processes, as well as for the mechanical actuation of drums, Use centrifuges or fans while the heat is needed via simple exchangers is obtained directly from the distribution network. 9. Coolant consumers for use in a heat pump network according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that these refrigerators, freezers and cold rooms only simple exchangers instead of the usually built-in cooling units for the use of the cooling medium obtained from the distribution network, with only for Regulation and control processes known per se electrical or electronic organs are provided. 10. Cold-consuming sports facilities, artificial ice rink or air-conditioned Sports hall, with supply from a cold network of the heat pump network according to the Claims 1 to 5, gekennzeinet by storing the relatively cold from freezers returning cooling medium for use in said systems, as well as storage of the coolant flowing back relatively warm from them for the heat pump network for continuous and compensating amount of money in the process.