DE2617023C3 - Watercraft for the conversion of natural energies - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a watercraft for. Conversion of natural energies, such as Sea water heat, solar energy, wave energy, wind energy, consisting of one or more interconnected hulls on which Anuhd Built-in components for converting natural energies into electrical energy are provided.

The natural sources of energy available on earth can only be used to a limited extent so far been made. There are several reasons for this. This - directly or indirectly from the sun - energy sources are generally not available for large-scale utilization Uniformity is available in the main consuming countries and there is no satisfactory one so far Storage or transport option to transfer the natural energies from the zones of origin to the To transfer consumption zones of the earth.

It is known from DE-PS 4 73 708 to anchor a watercraft on the sea with the only Wave energy with the help of a float, a gear and a dynamo into electric current is converted. The electricity generated, which is ongoing

to is discharged via a cable is therefore absolutely dependent on the strength of the wave movement.

The invention is based on the object of providing a watercraft of the type mentioned at the beginning create, with which an economical, as continuous as possible use and recovery of the Sea and natural energies present in sea water can take place.

This object is achieved in that the hull or hulls for energy storage and a variety of flywheel energy storage devices for energy transport is built in and the flywheel energy storage is driven by attached motors, which can also be operated as generators be, with the energy stored in the flywheel energy storage in a port with the as Generators-operated motors are converted into electrical energy.

According to a further development of the invention, the flywheel energy stores are vertical in the one or the other Built into hulls and in each hull deliver at least two counter-rotating Flywheel energy storage provides the electricity to drive a ship's propeller.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, there are flywheel energy stores made of thin-walled metallic support bodies in the form of hollow cylinders and one wound thereon, made of fiber-reinforced plastic flywheel roller.

The invention provides a universal facility for Use and conversion of all forms of energy occurring at sea and / or in the sea. The inventive Thanks to its equipment, the watercraft can act as an energy collector suitable places or on routes with optimal energy generation and as an energy transporter can be used. Such a use could e.g. B. in the Atlantic Ocean between the tropic and the equator, the watercraft according to the invention from Europe to this area drives and uses mainly tropical and marine heat through its heat pumps sub-tropical oceans, while the energy consumption from solar radiation is not so great.

If the vehicle reaches the northern tropic, then it increases through the vertical one prevailing there Solar radiation in summer, the proportion of direct solar energy and the efficiency of the heat pumps. The most optimal energy storage from the sea heat is also between the northern Tropic and equator given. During the entire journey, additional energy can be used by using it won by wind and waves. In this way, optimal energy production and

ui storage done. When all flywheel energy storage are fully charged, the watercraft drives to its home port on its own or runs to a nearby port in order to be able to

secured energy to supply the power grids. A correspondingly large fleet of such according to the invention Watercraft could provide a large part of the power supply of the Federal Republic of Germany take over.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the flywheel energy storage device, the flywheel rollers are arranged in vacuum housings and via external bearing journals connected to the support body (Magnetic axial bearings) stored as well as with the motors ι ο tied together. As a result of these measures, the flywheel rollers run almost frictionless and achieve Operating times of up to 6 months without significant energy losses.

A further development of the invention provides that the support body with a ratio of length to Diameter of at least one is formed on the, preferably conical, the bearing pin load-bearing upper aisle parts are attached.

The geometric design of the support body, which corresponds to a coil shape, and the use of a substantially even distribution of the fiber yarns and the synthetic resin for the flywheel roller ensures the flywheel energy storage device a favorable operating behavior confirmed by extensive calculations and a long service life. It is conscious with the structure proposed according to the invention departed from the design of the previously known flywheel energy storage devices and thus the prejudice cleared up that the flywheel rollers make one possible large diameter at shallow depth and to generate large storage capacities also of must have different material properties and compositions inside out.

The flywheel rollers of the large energy storage device according to the invention should preferably consist of a special combination of aramid fibers with carbon fibers and epoxy resin. It is well known that the energy density is a measure of the storage capacity of energy stores. The energy density - ^ - for flywheel energy storage devices is proportional to the so-called tear length - ^ - of the material used for energy storage. The theoretical Wen This results in an energy density
E 0.67 36,000

1.25 x 1.2 - 0.0015

= 5.36-10 ⁶ cm.

A comparison with petroleum shows an energy density of 10,000 kcal / kg and an efficiency of 0.2

~ = 85.4-10 ⁶ cm.
G

can only be achieved for infinitely thin flywheel rings. For the hollow rollers selected according to the invention with outside diameter / inside diameter of about 1.5 can be approximated

be accepted.

To calculate the ern-.ojiüaien energy density for an aramid fiber flywheel roller are the following initial values, confirmed by practical tests accepted:

For aramid fibers: σ emc «* = 3 6 000 daN / cm ² , fiber content in a laminate with epoxy resin 67%, specific weight of the laminate} '= ^{1.5 g / cm J} , safety factor 1.25, factor for housing and storage 1 , 2.

Thus there is a relationship

E / G _Erdö] 85.4 · ΙΟ ⁶

5.36 "1 0 ^G

= 16.0.

Petroleum can only be used once as energy. Assume that an equivalent flywheel roller can only be used for 10 years, this results in 16 energy transports per year with the inventive Hulls a ten times better utilization than in the case of oil.

Further comparisons of the energy densities of energy storage devices equipped with aramid fibers with Compared to high-strength steel flywheels, other energy storage systems produce a multiple and compared to Lead-acid batteries have a 4-fold ratio. A comparison with the energy density of a reservoir is also interesting at a water column of 100 m, because until now it was only possible to store large amounts of energy with water. Here is that relationship

flywheel

The flywheel energy storage could in practice be built into ship hulls, which the The order of magnitude of modern tankers. It would be worth considering the many large tankers lying open for it to remodel. One could accommodate about 200,000 tons of flywheel mass in such a ship, which means 29 200 million watt hours transported

can become like that. If this energy is fed into the electrical network within two days, a hull according to the invention has an installed power of N = 608 MW.
Furthermore, according to the invention, two flywheel energy stores lying next to one another each have opposite directions of rotation. Due to the opposite rotation of the flywheel rollers of two energy stores each, any gyroscopic moments that may arise cancel each other out and can therefore not be transferred to the hull. In general, two flywheel energy stores per hull are sufficient to drive the watercraft according to the invention, because favorable locations for energy storage are available in the Atlantic. When driving for an energy transporter of z. B. 2500 km from a wind and wave power plant in the North Atlantic to the German coast, a speed of 10 kg / h and a drive power of

j »,, 1

3 M W is an energy for the round trip of

2 ■ 2500 3
• ~ IO

necessary.

The travel time is

2 ■ 2500
IO -24

= 21 days.

The propulsion energy of the ship, which according to the above calculation transport 29 200 MWh can, is therefore only about 5% of the energy carried by the flywheel energy storage.

The vehicles according to the invention for energy generation and storage can also with Manufacturing facilities are equipped that require high power consumption, z. B. would be one Production of aluminum or special steels is conceivable, with the required raw materials from the place of use nearby countries would only have a short transport route.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated by means of schematically reproduced exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. It shows

F i g. 1 shows a watercraft with a hull in the side view and with one with wind rotors and Systems for the use of solar energy platform,

F i g. 2 the watercraft according to F i g. 1 in plan view,

F i g. 3 a side view of a watercraft with systems for utilizing seawater heat, Solar radiation, wind and wave energy,

4 shows a plan view of the watercraft with two hulls according to FIG. 3,

F i g. 5 the watercraft according to the F i g. 3 and 4 with systems in the operating position for Use of sea water heat,

6 shows a further embodiment of the watercraft as a raft with three hulls and a multitude of wind rotors and wave generators,

Fi g. 7 shows an installation arrangement of flywheel energy storage devices in a ship's hull,

8 shows a flywheel energy storage device with a slotted Support body and

F i g. 9 shows a section along the lines IX-IX through FIG. 8th.

A watercraft 1 according to the invention consists according to FIGS. 1 and 2 from one hull 2 and a platform 3 covering the hull of the ship. On the platform are deck superstructures 4 with the for the ship's command and accommodation for the crew. On the long sides of the Platform 3, masts 5 are mounted, at the tips of which gondolas 6 with built-in generators are arranged which are driven by wind rotors 7. The gondolas 6 are on the masts 5 in a known manner rotatably mounted so that they can be pivoted in the respective wind direction. The platform 3 is largely covered with solar cells 8, three groups of which are indicated in FIG. In the hull 2 is the entire hold filled with flywheel energy storage devices 10, which are preferably vertical in the ship's hull installed and connected at their upper ends to Moloren 11 which can be used as generators. Flywheel energy stores 10a located in the stern of the hull 2 are used via electric motors 12 for driving a ship's propeller 13. The drive of the energy storage devices 10 rotating in the flywheel Flywheel rolling 14 takes place either from the generators of the wind rotors 7 or from the solar cells 8 via the motors 11. Instead of the solar cells 8 can Also in a known way solar panels occur, which collect the sunlight and use it with the generated Heat a liquid wedge that drives a generator via a steam turbine, which in turn the motors 11 of the flywheel energy storage device are supplied with electricity. The flywheel rollers 14 are running expedient in a temporarily evacuated housing and its weight is through at the top Magnetic thrust bearings balanced. With this arrangement it is possible to reduce the running times of the flywheel energy storage devices of about 6 months without significant speed losses.

The in the F i g. 1 and 2 described embodiment of the invention is used with the illustrated and Built-in as an energy collector as well as an energy transporter. The relative to the total stored energy required low drive energies can still be used while driving Location of energy generation, e.g. B. in the Atlantic, to be added to the home port on an ongoing basis. In the home port or at other suitable landing points give the flywheel energy storage 10 via the as Generators operated motors 11 as well as conventional switchgear and transformer systems put their energy into the electrical supply network. Lying unused oil tankers can with relatively low Means converted into watercraft 1 according to the invention and thus useful for energy generation and Saving of foreign currency can be used. Another possible use is in energy transport of places with future large-scale energy generation systems, which are particularly suitable for energy generation favorable locations on earth.

3 to 5 show a watercraft la with two hulls 2 in a catamaran arrangement, which are covered by a platform 3a and connected to one another. In the middle of the watercraft Xa there are deck superstructures 4. The hulls 2 serve the same as those in FIGS Wind rotors 7 and solar cells or solar collectors 8 also equipped with systems for the use of seawater heat and wave energy To utilize the seawater heat, heat pumps are arranged that extract heat from the seawater in a known manner, which heats a medium that uses a turbine to generate a generator and this the motors 11 drives the flywheel energy storage device 10. The heat pump works with two different heat exchangers or coolers. One type are heat exchangers 16, which are attached to pipes 17 and distributed over the entire platform. In operation, these heat exchangers 16 are lowered into the warm surface water of the sea, as shown in FIG.

If the cooler 19 is to be lowered further to take advantage of greater temperature differences, the tubular masts 20 can be extended by extension tubes 21. The tubular masts 20 can also if there is no energy through the use of seawater heat but only through the use of the wind is to be obtained, the wind rotors 7 serve as a holder. To support the tubular masts 20 and possibly 21 are used on the platform 3a built bridge-like truss structures 22 on which The wind rotors 7 can also be stowed away when the tubes 20 are lowered, as shown in FIG.

The watercraft la can e.g. use high wind and wave energies in autumn and winter be used in the North Atlantic; this also has the advantage of a short drive to the place of use. The heat pump system can be operated in a different form if the temperatures of the Sea water is around 10 to 15 ° C and the air temperatures are around zero degrees and below. In this mode of operation, the heat exchangers 16 are not lowered into the sea water, but serve as Air coolers and heat exchangers 19 are lowered to a depth of the highest water temperature and serve to transfer the seawater heat to the liquid medium of the heat pump.

To utilize the wave energy, wave generators 23 are used which, for. B. on the heat exchangers 16 may be appropriate. The wave generators 23 consist of spherical or cylindrical floating bodies 24, which are attached to the ends of rotatably mounted arms 25. Those of waves 26 generated up and down movement of the floating body 24 drives piston water pumps, not shown, which pumps sea water into water tanks mounted in the pipes 17 above. That uniformly Outflowing water drives water turbines arranged at the lower end of the pipes 17, the generators which in turn drive the motors 11 of the flywheel energy storage 10 with power. By adjusting the tubes 17, the wave generators 23 optimally adapted to the wave heights or wave frequencies.

Another type of watercraft Xb according to the invention is shown in FIG. Here, three hulls 2, which are covered with a platform Zb , form a large wind and wave power plant which can be stationed in areas with high wind speeds.

For this purpose, two tubular frames 28, each with six wind rotors 7, and a tubular frame 29 with eight wind rotors 7 on the middle hull are placed on the outer hull. A plurality of wave generators 23 are distributed on the platform 3b. Furthermore, solar cells or solar collectors as well as heat pumps can be installed as required. The hulls 2 with the built-in flywheel energy stores can be retracted into the platform 3b and are connected to it by known means during the charging time of the flywheel energy stores. After the storage has ended, the hulls 2 move out of the platform 3b again and set course for their home port. Depending on the wind direction, the wind rotors can either run along while driving to supplement the drive and friction losses or are set to reduce drag.

A fitting close to the North Sea ports situated Einsatzprt for the vehicles \ b could be the Orkney Islands, where the wind speeds in Jahrensmittel 8.0 m / sec be, for example. Here wind power plants z. B. Compared to Hamburg, where the annual mean wind speed is only 4.8 m / sec, this is about 4.6 times the performance.

At these wind speeds, the twenty wind rotors with a diameter of approx. 60 m and with wave generators whose floats are from

ίο a total of 20,000 tonnes in weight with a medium one Working wave height of 2 m, an average annual output of around 150MW is generated and stored will.

An example of an installation arrangement according to FIG. 7 shows that in a hull 2 in Transverse direction six flywheel energy storage 10 can be installed vertically. The flywheel rollers 14 run in largely evacuated housings 30, their weight is controlled by magnetic axial bearings 31 added. The upper bearing shafts are connected to the motors 11 which can be operated as generators. Two flywheel rollers 14 lying next to one another each have to compensate for any gyroscopic moments opposite directions of rotation. In a possible hold of a hull 2 of 50 m In the arrangement shown 288, flywheel energy storage 10 can also be used in width and 400 m in length Flywheel rollers 14 of 7 m diameter and 20 m length can be accommodated.

The F i g. Figures 8 and 9 show a preferred embodiment of those to be used for the invention Flywheel Rollers 14. For the sake of clarity, the flywheel roller shown has a larger ratio of Outside diameter to length than those shown in FIG. The flywheel roller 14 consists of one Support body 32 and a flywheel winding 33. The support body 32 consists in its middle part of a Hollow cylinder 34, to each of which a transition part 35 with bearing journals 36 are attached at both ends.

The flywheel winding 33 consists of synthetic resin impregnated fiber yarns on the metallic Support body 32 wound by a known coil winding process and then, for. B. in one Autoclave to be cured. The entire flywheel roller 14 has an elongated coil shape with a large base for the bearing pin 36. The column shape is emphasized by the fact that the Flywheel winding 33 has approximately twice the diameter of the hollow cylinder 34.

In order to use all fiber materials for the flywheel winding 33, including those with a low modulus of elasticity, and to be able to use different materials for the support body 32, the support body is about Slits 37 distributed around the circumference. As a result, the tangential stresses in the support body 32 Reduced zero and the radial forces of the remaining between the slots 37 strips 38 of the added inner fiber windings of the flywheel winding 33, whereby, however, their tangential stresses increase something. By radial wraps 39 of the transition parts 35 of the support body 32 with the fiber prepregs used for the flywheel winding 33 are for the support body 32 the Strength properties of an unslotted hollow body During operation of the flywheel roller 14, the transverse force and the torsional thrust are transmitted through the resin and the strips 38 absorb the bending stresses.

Preferred materials for the flywheel winding 33 are aramid fibers and / or carbon fibers. For the impregnation and binding of the fibers, epoxy resin can be used. For the support body 32 is recommended the use of metal, preferably steel, aluminum or titanium. When using a Material with a higher specific weight, such as. B. steel, of course, arise significantly higher tangential stresses, which is why the maximum speed had to be reduced. The importance the materials used can be seen from the fact that when using a flywheel roller according to the invention 14 the energy-to-weight ratio can be up to 6 times higher than with a similarly designed one Steel flywheel with high-strength steel lamellas.

When using aramid fibers or S-glass for the flywheel winding 33, with large Overall length of the flywheel roller 14, the critical speed well below the maximum speed lie. If operation in the supercritical speed range is not possible, the F i g. 8 and 9 carbon fiber layers with axial fiber direction 41 annular in the area of the outer radial Windings arranged. The carbon fibers, which have a high Ε modulus, create a large moment of inertia achieved, and together with the high Ε module, better flexural rigidity. The additional Loading of the outer radial fibers by the axial carbon fibers do not have a disruptive effect because the Radial stresses drop sharply towards the outside.

ίο Furthermore, the flywheel roller 14 can either are wound from yarns with the same fibers or from yarns with mixed fibers. Investigations a flywheel roller made of a mixed yarn of carbon fibers and aramid fibers show that with increasing carbon fiber content in the outer windings due to the increasing Ε-module also those with Epoxy resins commonly used in these fibers can be used. For the entire flywheel energy storage 10 achieved an even higher energy density.

In addition 5 sheets of drawings

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Watercraft for converting natural energies, such as seawater heat, Solar energy, wave energy, wind energy, consisting of one or more with each other connected hulls, on which attachments and fixtures for the conversion of natural energies are provided in electrical energy, characterized in that in the or the hulls (2) for energy storage and energy transport a large number of flywheel energy storage devices (10) is built in and the flywheel energy storage is provided by attached motors (11), which can also be operated as generators, are driven, the energy stored in the flywheel energy storage in one The port was converted back into electrical energy with the motors operated as generators will. 2. Watercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the flywheel energy store (10) are installed vertically in the hull or hulls (2) and in each hull at least two counter-rotating flywheel energy storage devices provide electricity to drive one Deliver the propeller (13). 3. Watercraft according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flywheel energy store (10) made of thin-walled metallic, designed as a hollow cylinder support body (32) and consist of a flywheel roller (14) wound thereon and made of fiber-reinforced plastic. 4. Watercraft according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flywheel rollers (14) are arranged in vacuum housings (30) and via outer, with the support bodies (32) connected journals (magnetic axial bearings 31) are stored and connected to the motors (11). 5. Watercraft according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support body (32) is formed with a length to diameter ratio of at least one, to which, transition parts (35) which are preferably of a conical design and carry the bearing journals (36) are attached. 6. Watercraft according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that two each Adjacent flywheel energy storage devices (10) have opposite directions of rotation.