DE254437C - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- DE254437C DE254437C DENDAT254437D DE254437DA DE254437C DE 254437 C DE254437 C DE 254437C DE NDAT254437 D DENDAT254437 D DE NDAT254437D DE 254437D A DE254437D A DE 254437DA DE 254437 C DE254437 C DE 254437C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oxides
- oxygen
- heated
- iron
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001184 potassium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940082629 IRON ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium perchlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000722270 Regulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000002356 Skeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0411—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the catalyst
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING
Vk 254437 KLASSE 12#. GRUPPE Vk 254437 CLASS 12 #. GROUP
BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK in LUDWIBADISCHE ANILINE & SODA FACTORY in LUDWI
a. Rh.a. Rh.
von Katalysatoren.of catalysts.
Zusatz zum Patent 249447 vom 9. Januar 1910. Additional patent 249447 of 9 January 1910th
Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 22. April 1910 ab. Längste Dauer: 8.Januar 1925.Patented in the German Empire on April 22, 1910. Longest duration: January 8, 1925.
In der Patentschrift 249447 ist ein Verfahren zur Darstellung von Ammoniak aus seinen Elementen beschrieben, bei dem als Katalysatoren Kontaktmassen verwendet werden, die außer den Elementen der Eisengruppe Oxyde, Hydroxyde, Salze oder sonstige Verbindungen von Alkalien, alkalischen Erden oder Erdmetallen enthalten. An anderer Stelle ist dann gezeigt worden, daß. die verwendeten In the patent specification 249447 a process for the preparation of ammonia is described from its elements, are used in the as catalysts contact masses, in addition to the iron group elements include oxides, hydroxides, salts or other compounds of alkali, alkaline earth or earth metals. It has been shown elsewhere that. the used
to Kontaktmassen an Stelle, der Oxyde, Hydroxyde, Salze oder sonstigen Verbindungen von Alkalien, alkalischen Erden oder Erdmefallen auch andere Beimengungen enthalten können.to contact masses in place of oxides, hydroxides, salts or other compounds of alkalis, alkaline earths or earth traps also contain other admixtures can.
Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß man besonders gut wirkende Katalysatoren erhält bzw. daß die Wirkung dieser Fremdstoffe eine hervorragend starke ist, wenn man die solche Beimengungen enthaltenden oder die mit solchen Zusätzen versehenen Metalle, Oxyde, Karbonate oder andere beim Erhitzen in Oxyde übergehende Verbindungen der Eisengruppe zunächst auf hohe Temperaturen, zweckmäßig bis zum Schmelzen, bei Gegenwart von Luft, Sauerstoff oder Sauerstoff abgebenden Mitteln oder im Vakuum oder in indifferenten Gasen erhitzt, derart, daß das resultierende Produkt im wesentlichen aus Oxyden besteht. Die erhaltene Oxydmasse kann dann nach entsprechender Zerkleinerung entweder direkt oderIt has now been shown that particularly effective catalysts are obtained or that the effect of these foreign substances is extremely strong if one considers them Metals, oxides, Carbonates or other compounds of the iron group which convert into oxides when heated initially to high temperatures, expediently until melting, in the presence of air, Oxygen or oxygen-releasing agents or in a vacuum or in inert gases heated so that the resulting product consists essentially of oxides. The received Oxide mass can then either directly or after appropriate comminution
nach vorhergehender Reduktion in den Kontaktofen eingefüllt werden. Verfährt man in der beschriebenen Weise, so genügen schon außerordentlich geringe Verunreinigungen, bisweilen schon die in den »reinen« und »reinsten« Eisenpräparaten des Handels meist noch ■ vorhandenen, um eine hohe und andauernd vorzügliche Wirksamkeit der Kontaktmasse zu erzielen.be filled into the contact furnace after previous reduction. If you proceed in in the manner described, even extremely minor impurities are sometimes sufficient even those in the “pure” and “purest” iron preparations on the market are mostly still ■ existing to ensure a high and consistently excellent effectiveness of the contact mass achieve.
Die hervorragend starke Wirkung derartig dargestellter Katalysatoren, welche nur bei wenigen, nicht in solcher Weise vorbehandelten, aus natürlichen Erzen der betreffenden Metalle erhaltenen Kontaktmassen in ähnlichem Grad vorhanden ist, ist vermutlich darauf zurückzuführen, daß die besprochenen Beimengungen sich in dem hocherhitzten Metalloxyd lösen bzw. fein verteilen, und daß hierdurch bei der nachherigen Reduktion ein im übrigen kaum wahrnehmbares Skelett innerhalb der Metallmasse entsteht, welches ein Zurückgehen der Oberfläche und damit der katalytischen Eigenschaften in wirksamster Weise verhindert.The outstandingly strong effect of catalysts presented in this way, which only with few, not pretreated in such a way, from natural ores of the concerned Metals obtained contact masses are present in a similar degree, is presumed due to the fact that the additions discussed are in the highly heated metal oxide dissolve or distribute finely, and that thereby a result in the subsequent reduction otherwise barely perceptible skeleton arises within the metal mass, which a regression of the surface and thus the catalytic properties in the most effective way Way prevented.
Man hat bereits für die Zwecke der Ammoniaksynthese fein verteilte Kieselsäure mit Nickelnitrat getränkt, getrocknet und dann das Nickelnitrat durch Wasserstoff reduziert (Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie Bd. 44, S. 351). Bei dem vorliegenden Verfahren er-For the purposes of ammonia synthesis, finely divided silica is already used Nickel nitrate soaked, dried and then the nickel nitrate reduced by hydrogen (Journal of Inorganic Chemistry Vol. 44, p. 351). In the present procedure
folgt dagegen die Darstellung der Kontaktmassen in wesentlich anderer Weise, indem hier die betreffenden Gemische bei Gegenwart von Sauerstoff hoch erhitzt werden, wobei im wesentlichen aus Oxyden bestehende Massen erhalten werden.on the other hand, the representation of the contact masses follows in a significantly different way by here the mixtures in question are highly heated in the presence of oxygen, with im substantial masses consisting of oxides are obtained.
Eisen mit den entsprechenden Zusätzen wird ίο im Sauerstoffstrom bei starker Weißglut oxydierend geschmolzen.Iron with the appropriate additives is ίο oxidizing in the stream of oxygen when it is very hot melted.
Eisenoxyd wird mit etwa 3 Prozent Kaliumkarbonat auf etwa 1000 ° erhitzt und die erhaltene Oxydmasse in Körner zerkleinert.Iron oxide is heated with about 3 percent potassium carbonate to about 1000 ° and the obtained Oxide mass crushed into grains.
Beispiel III.Example III.
Eisen wird mit 2 Prozent Magnesium, 2 Prozent Tonerde und 1. Prozent Kieselsäure vermischt, mit der 21J2 fachen Menge Kaliumperchlorat versetzt, entzündet und der oxydische Regulus zerkleinert.Iron is mixed with 2 percent magnesium, 2 percent clay and 1 percent silica, mixed with the 2 1 J 2 times the amount of potassium perchlorate is ignited and the oxidic Regulus crushed.
Ein Gemisch von reinem Eisen und reinem Kobalt zu gleichen Teilen wird mit 3 Prozent Kaliumkarbonat und 3 Prozent Aluminiumsilikat versetzt und im Sauerstoffstrom oxydierend erhitzt.A mixture of pure iron and pure cobalt in equal parts is 3 percent Potassium carbonate and 3 percent aluminum silicate added and oxidizing in a stream of oxygen heated.
An Stelle der in obigen Beispielen genannten Beimengungen lassen sich auch andere der in dem Hauptpatent oder im ersten Zusatz aufgeführten Beimengungen verwenden, ebenso kann man an Stelle des Eisens auch andere Metalle der Eisengruppe benutzen.Instead of the additions mentioned in the above examples, other of the use additives listed in the main patent or in the first addition, as well other metals of the iron group can be used instead of iron.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE254437C true DE254437C (en) |
Family
ID=512624
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DENDAT254437D Active DE254437C (en) |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE254437C (en) |
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