DE2540302A1 - DEFLECTOR FITTING WITH CLAMPING DEVICE FOR SAFETY BELTS - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys DipMng. ERICH KOHNEMANN Düsseldorf, September 8, 1975 DipWne · KLAUS KÜHNEMANN KK / sch

4OOO Düsseldorf 11

Sonderburgstraee 36 Telephone 57 5555 PoMKtwckfttnto: Cologne 79414-501

AUTOFLUG GmbH
2084 Rellingen 2
Industriestrasse 10

Deflection fitting with clamping device for seat belts

The invention relates to a deflection fitting with a clamping device for seat belts, in particular for motor vehicle seat belts, which are equipped with an automatic retractor. Preferably the invention is for use in Three-point belts determined. This works with such belts Belt strap from a lower fastening fitting on the outside of the seat initially as a lap belt to a detachable one Fastening fitting on the inside of the seat, for example on the cardan tunnel, and from there as a chest strap at an angle up to a Umlehkbeschlag, which is about at head height of the Buckled person is regularly attached to the B-pillar of the vehicle body, and from there essentially vertically downwards to a point near the first-mentioned mounting bracket, where a webbing storage device is arranged is where the webbing ends. The well-known webbing storage systems are predominantly available as self-locking (automatic)

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Rollers formed. In doing so, the blocking (Blocking) be belt and / or vehicle sensitive.

The invention is based on the following problem: if an accident occurs, the belt strap is blocked conventionally in or on the retractor, so at a point that is relatively far from the body of the Belt section touching the person has been removed. This has the consequence that a comparatively large belt length between the Blocking point and the belt strap running over the body of the person is present, which is under the influence of one Forces occurring in an accident taking place in addition to the belt slack that occurs when the belt is put on and to the The belt stretching in the body area of the person causes an elongation of the belt strap, which leads to a dangerous forward displacement the buckled body can allow. However, there comes another important cause of dangerous Belt extensions added, namely the so-called film reel effect in the retractor. This means that the In more or less tight turns of the reeling spring on the relevant shaft wound belt with expenditure corresponding forces could be wound up much more tightly, so that with normal winding through strong pull on the belt a compression of the winding takes place with simultaneous release of a corresponding belt length got to. Experience has shown that the belt length that is released can be around ten centimeters. Along with those already mentioned In the event of an accident, belt slack and belt stretch factors are easily belt extensions of around twenty centimeters possible compared to normal buckling up. As a result, the person's head and knees can already touch the corresponding vehicle parts attacks.

The aim must therefore be to move the strap as close as possible to the part of the strap that touches the person's body in a way that does not involve film reel

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effect allowed.

The knowledge of the problem described and solutions for related tasks are already part of the status of the technique. As can be seen from DT-AS 24 01 703, which precisely describes the problem, and from DT-OS 23 60 160 and 24 56 105, it was recognized that a particularly suitable place for the belt locking close to the body of the buckled person the area of the upper deflection fitting on the B-pillar comes into question, although the fitting as such is independent from the blocking device remains. The blocking device is arranged below the fitting, so between the Belt take-up and the deflection fitting.

The associated disadvantage of a still increased stretching distance is made clear by proposals according to DT-OS 23 48 654 and 24 02 106 cleared out, after which the deflection fitting and locking device are combined into a single component, namely Here, constructive precautions have already been taken to prevent the deflection fitting to trigger the blocking or clamping device (DT-OS 24 02 106, Figure 6).

Of this type of B-pillar deflection fitting with an integrated Clamping device for seat belts is based on the present invention. It is based on the task of being one as possible to create simple fitting of this type, which can still exert a high clamping force, and that should be Normally, when there is no accident, the lowest possible forces act on the belt strap in order to protect the person To convey the feeling of the greatest possible freedom in their movements and also to avoid damage to the textile material to avoid stretching, flexing or shear stresses wherever possible.

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-X-

To solve the problem, the invention makes use of the lever principle known per se and thus a design which has not yet been used as a B-pillar deflection fitting. The US-PS 29 47 353 shows such, however for a different purpose, namely a combined deflection and clamping device for seat belts with a one-armed lever, the free end of which deflects the belt strap, while the clamping point is arranged near the axis of rotation of the lever is, which can be applied with great force. Pulling on the belt automatically causes it to be clamped, the force of a tension spring holding the lever must be overcome. This version is also simple, but has the disadvantage that belt tension and clamping force act on the same lever arm and that it causes difficulties is likely to find a spring steel that the economic production of the mentioned, comparatively very high demands Tension spring allows. Experience has shown that this spring will gradually weaken, which increases the number of belt locks increased when the belt is usually pulled out and thus the wear and tear of the belt strap leads to its destruction prematurely.

It is therefore also the object of the invention to show a construction with which the aforementioned spring difficulties can be overcome.

A one-armed lever for wedging a belt against a reference surface is also disclosed in US Pat. No. 2,7 05,529, wherein an electromagnet is provided to move the lever from its open position into its clamping position. This reacts vehicle-sensitive, for example by means of a mercury switch, like the DT-OS 14 30 422 for similar ones Purposes shows.

The lever principle for pinching a seat belt that runs off a roller is also used in the subject matter of the US-PS 36 92 253 applied. This document shows one

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40

Belt retractor with integrated clamping device by means of a lever with an approximately semicircular cross-section, which as a whole also serves to deflect the belt. In this device, too, the clamping lever is less damaging Normal force on the belt. However, there is the disadvantage that the webbing itself is exposed to high levels of abrasion is because it has to slide over the greater part of the lever surface, and it is particularly disadvantageous that the Lever pivoted in the unlocked state in a way that significantly increases the wrap angle, which The ease of movement of the belt extension worsens and thus affects the freedom of the person.

The US-PS 32 87 062 shows the blocking of a seat belt by means of leverage, but the lever is located away from the belt reel under the seat. Also this one Lever, which has the shape of a non-cylindrical roller, serves at the same time to deflect the belt, whereby it wMerum must be viewed as a disadvantage that the wrap angle is comparatively very large and thus the The belt does not move properly.

A deflection fitting with an integrated clamping device can also be found in DT-OS 14 80 245. Here, too, is a Lever provided, which has a pivotable wedge nose at its upper end, which when the belt is pulled out quickly penetrates between two rods through which the webbing also runs, so that the nose of the webbing opposite the jammed a pole. The lever appears to have two arms, but the arm opposite the wedge nose is only used for Admission of a connecting rod, which is intended to prevent that the lever arm effective for clamping the belt can swing back too far. This is prevented by the rod, which then hits the webbing.

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The use of ball controlled switches for vehicle sensitive Triggering of locking devices for seat belts is through the DT-AS 14 30 599, DT-OS 23 62 845 and US-PS 22 06 067 and 27 40 010 known. The already mentioned DT-OS 14 30 422 discloses a particularly large number of variations of tripping devices for electrical switches for locking seat belts due to positive or negative Acceleration forces.

The invention solves the problem posed by a deflection fitting with the features of the main claim, which is attached to this description. This has the advantage that the fitting is not only particularly simple, as required by the task, but also designed to be flat and very robust can be, which benefits the practical arrangement and security of the function of the fitting.

To solve the part of the task relating to the mentioned spring difficulties, the proposal is made according to claim 4, of which advantageous embodiment according to claim 5 can also have significance for other types of clamping devices.

Further advantageous refinements of the invention emerge from the remaining patent claims which form this description are attached.

In the drawing, several exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown, which are described below. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a view of the passenger seat in the interior of a motor vehicle, seen from the rear to the front, with a three-point seat belt, which is equipped according to the invention;

2 shows a deflection fitting with a clamping device in a view from the front, with part of the housing being removed.

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is serene;

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section along the line III-III in Figure 2;

FIG. 4 shows a modified exemplary embodiment in a representation corresponding to FIG. 3;

5 shows a further modified exemplary embodiment with an electromagnet and associated circuit diagram;

6 shows a further modified exemplary embodiment corresponding to FIG. 5, but in the clamping position;

7 shows another embodiment in vertical cross section according to Figure 3, in the open position;

8 shows the steering fitting according to FIG. 7 in the clamping position.

As can be seen from Figure 1, the three-point seat belt sits down 10 for the passenger seat 11 of the motor vehicle from an outer lower floor fitting 12, one extending from there Lap belt part 13, a belt lock 14 with an anchor rope 16 attached to the cardan tunnel 15 of the vehicle, a Chest strap part 17, an upper deflection fitting 18 with integrated clamping device, a vertical strap section 19 and a belt retractor 20 together. The belt 10 with its sections 13, 17 and 19 consists of a single one coherent piece, which is deflected continuously displaceably at the lock 14. The deflection fitting 18 with The integrated clamping device is located on or in the B-pillar 21 at about head height of the buckled person the vehicle body. The belt section 19 can also be attached

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or run in the B-pillar, as well as the belt retractor 20 can be attached open or hidden.

The device shown in Figures 2 and 3 is the combined one Deflection and clamping fitting 18 according to FIG. 1. The fitting has a housing consisting of one bent to the shape of the housing Sheet metal blank with rear wall 22, side walls 23 attached to it in a U-shape and one perpendicular in the middle divided front wall 24, which can consist of inwardly bent continuations of the side walls 23. The back wall 22 is extended at the top to a shoulder 25 with a hole 26 for a fastening screw, not shown.

A cardan shaft 28 is mounted in bearing eyes 27 of the side walls 23, on which a two-armed clamping lever 29 is arranged pivotably. Shaft and clamping lever can also be made from one piece. The clamping lever 29 can have different designs; according to Figure 2 and 3 it is constructed like a frame and as a cast or forged piece Made of metal. On both sides of its hub 30, the two lever arms 31 and 32 are arranged, the arm 31 being shorter than the Arm 32 is and extends downward while arm 32 is directed upward.

The shorter arm 31 of the clamping lever 29 is flattened on one side and provided with a clamping jaw 33, the opposite to the rear wall 22 of the housing a clamping jaw 34 is arranged, which around a transverse to the belt pulling direction extending axis is a little pivotable in order to adjust exactly parallel to the jaw 33 can. It is also possible, the clamping jaw 34 rigid and the jaw 33 pivotable to fix. The belt strap 17, 19 runs through between the two jaws 33, 34 and from there upwards where it is deflected forward and obliquely downward via a cross member 35 of the clamping lever 29. The "cross member 35 has a correspondingly round and smooth surface 35 over which

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the webbing slides. The cross member 35 can also be designed as a roller. To prevent the belt from slipping off, lateral ears 36 adjoin the cross member 35,
their inner contour with a comparatively large radius
merges into the ridge line of the cross member 35. In the middle
of the clamping lever 29, the longer arm 32 of which has a flat 37 »which is intended to rest on a plastic gas spring cushion 38 which is attached to the inside of the front wall 24 of the housing, for example by gluing.

In this exemplary embodiment, the gas spring cushion 38 consists of a block of plastic foam with closed cells (soft PVC foam), the cells being filled with a gas, for example nitrogen. It's about a
Material as is commercially available under the registered trademark "LYNIZELL". In contrast to foam plastics, this material has open cells, i.e. spongy ones
Character, certain spring properties that can be adjusted as desired during manufacture, and this material is also characterized by a comparatively very long time
and above all, fatigue-free service life.

The mode of operation of the deflection fitting with clamping device shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is as follows: If the chest part 17 of the three-point belt 10 is only pulled out with moderate force when putting on or leaning forward the buckled person,
the clamping lever 29 according to FIG. 3 either pivots at all
not, or only very slightly, counterclockwise around the shaft 28, so that the clamping jaws 33 and 34 do not touch the belt section 19. The gas spring cushion 38 opposes the pull-out force with a corresponding predetermined resistance. When the belt tension slackens, the clamping lever 29 returns to its starting position, ie the long lever arm 32 moves to the right in FIG. 3 until the spring 38 is relieved except for a preset spring force. Does it come against it?
one that takes place with greater force, in particular

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jerky belt extension, the lever arm 32 pivots further to the left in FIG. 3 and the lever arm 31 accordingly to the right, whereby the belt section 19 is clamped and held between the clamping jaws 33 and 34. This is possible proceed very quickly so that the seat belt is locked immediately. When the belt tension is released, the spring presses 38 returns the lever arm 32 to its starting position, as a result of which the clamping jaws 33, 34 also release the belt 19.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the training of the clamping lever 29 and its mode of operation are very similar to those described above, only here are the locations of the clamping jaws 33, 34 and the gas spring cushion 38 opposite to FIG 3 made. The longer lever arm 32 of the clamping lever is bent forward at the top in order to have a straight course again of the belt section 19 to achieve. In this embodiment, the belt is clamped directly below the deflection point 35, so that optimally little belt stretch can have an effect.

Instead of the gas spring cushions 38, a steel pressure or Tension spring are used, and particularly advantageous in this case is the use of a preformed leaf spring, which when a predetermined force is reached, it loses its dimensional stability and therefore suddenly drops sharply in its spring force. Leaf springs of this type are also known as snap springs on simple children's toys. It is important that the spring force can be precisely adjusted according to the characteristics.

While in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS of the drawing, the blocking takes place directly by pulling the belt strap 10 at the deflection point 35, the spring force If the response threshold is determined as a function of the belt strap force, a vehicle-sensitive blocking can be carried out by means of corresponding control of the webbing storage device 20 (FIG. 1), for example by means of a ball or pendulum sensor,

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what is known as such must be taken, so that it does not need to be explained here.

In contrast, FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the control of the clamping device is directly vehicle-sensitive happens on the clamping lever 29. This has the advantage that the webbing storage 20 ζ. B. as a pure coil with return spring, that is, in the simplest construction, since there is no blocking on or in the memory needs. The storage tank does not need to absorb any special forces and can therefore be made of lightweight construction, for example made of plastic.

The device according to FIG. 5 corresponds with regard to its housing

22, 23, 24 and its clamping lever 29 with the clamping jaws

33, 34 largely correspond to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2

and 3, but the control takes place here by means of an organ

40, in which a permanent magnet 41 with an electromagnet

42 is combined. The permanent magnet 41, its holding force

is matched to the desired sensitivity of the clamping device as a function of the belt strap force, holds the Clamping lever 29 fixed in its non-blocking position. If a predetermined belt webbing force when pulling out the belt 10, 17, 19 is exceeded, the torque of the two-armed lever 29, 31, 32 overcomes the holding force of the permanent magnet

41, and the belt strap is clamped between the clamping jaws 33, 34 and blocked. If the belt tension decreases, the clamping lever 29 pivots with the support of the reeling spring in the belt storage device 20 back clockwise, and the permanent magnet 41 holds the short lever arm 31 again.

The vehicle acceleration-sensitive control is done by a sensor 43, which can be designed in a known manner can. If a predetermined acceleration value is exceeded in a positive or negative relationship, the sensor closes

43 an electrical switch, not shown, so that the electromagnet 42 energizes the holding force of the permanent magnet

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41 overcome and the clamping lever 29 is repelled. A switch 44 can also be arranged parallel to the sensor 43, which is closed by actuating the vehicle brake and produces the same effect.

The control of the clamping lever 29 according to FIG. 5 can in principle also be controlled in a manner other than that shown there Magnets happen, for example, by means of a known inertial mass that is responsive to vehicle accelerations.

A circuit is created in the sensor 43 by the acceleration-dependent deflection of a pendulum, a ball or the like closed, which creates a brief impulse. This is controlled by an electronic control in the sensor converted into a current surge lasting a few seconds with automatic shutdown. This measure is essential Significance for the effect of the magnetic control of the clamping device. Usually the person who is sensitive to vehicle acceleration speaks The sensor reacts to vehicle deceleration much earlier than the person wearing a seat belt, so that the loading of the webbing occurs later than the actuation of the electromagnet. The electromagnet wouldn't now If the blocking was maintained for a certain period of time, the blocking would only take place through the force of the belt strap, which means valuable time and webbing path would be lost.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6 corresponds essentially to that according to FIG. 5, but the permanent magnet 41 is according to FIG FIG. 5 replaced here by a helical tension spring 45. The mode of operation corresponds to Figure 5.

Figures 7 and 8 illustrate an embodiment with a one-armed clamping lever 50, which in a substantially Bulky housing with suspension 25, 26, front wall 51

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and side walls 52 is pivotally mounted. Included the front wall 51 has a window 53 for the passage of the clamping lever 50, and the lower edge of the window 53 is as protruding Bead 49 is formed, against which the clamping point 35 of the lever 50 is under when it is moved in the clockwise direction Intermediate storage of the belt strap 17, 19 can jam. Here, too, the clamping point 35 has lateral elevations 36 with the aforementioned comparatively large radius R.

The clamping lever 50 is flexibly connected to a control shoe 54 which is U-shaped in cross section and which has a respective articulated arm 55 is guided in parallel. On the inside of the housing front wall 51 are combined permanent and electromagnets 56 and arranged, which act in connection with an adhesive plate 58 made of suitable material in the same way as the related Parts in the embodiment according to FIG. 5.

In the release position of the belt according to FIG. 7, the clamping lever protrudes 50 with the clamping point 35 forward out of the window 53 so that the webbing section 19 straight down to Belt storage device (not shown) can run and the belt is deflected only once to the chest belt section 17. The holds Permanent magnet 56 the control shoe 54 fixed, so that the clamping lever remains in its upper position. A tensile force now acts on the strap section 17, which increases the holding force of the permanent magnet exceeds, the adhesive plate 58 is released from the magnet 56, the control shoe 54 pivots back and the clamping lever 50 and articulated arms 55 pivot down. This happens abruptly until the deflection point 35 is trapped at the lower edge 49 with the belt strap of the window 53 starts up, as can be seen from FIG. Instead of this webbing-sensitive control, a vehicle-sensitive Control done by replacing the permanent magnet with a sensor-actuated electromagnet, the holds the clamping lever 50 in the top dead center until the sensor responds.

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The exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 contains elements known per se, but is characterized by them from the fact that the belt strap is only deflected once.

The features of the disclosed in the above description, in the drawing and in the following claims The subject of the application can be used individually or in any combination for the realization be essential to the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims 709812/0442

Claims (19)

Claims 1. Deflection fitting with clamping device for seat belts, especially for motor vehicle seat belts with an automatic retractor are equipped, with a pivot axis mounted in a housing pivotable clamping lever, which acts directly on the belt strap via a clamping surface and this against a Reference surface presses so that it is blocked against longitudinal movements, with a spring element between the clamping lever and a fixed point is arranged on the housing in order to move the clamping lever into its release position when the tensile force on the belt decreases returned and thus cancel the blocking of the belt, characterized in that the belt strap (17, 19) is deflected only once in the deflection fitting with clamping lever (29, 31, 32) and is in the release position from the deflection point (35) in a straight line to the body of the buckled person and through the clamping device (29, 33, 34) in the direction of the webbing storage (20). 2. Deflection fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping lever (29) is designed with two arms, wherein one arm (31) is provided with the clamping surface (33) and the other arm (32) with the deflection point (35). 3. Deflection fitting according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that the lever arm (32) opposite the lever arm (31) with the clamping surface (33) with a compression spring element 709812/0442 254030? (38) is acted upon, which is supported on the housing (24). 4. Deflection fitting, in particular according to claims 1-3 »thereby characterized in that the hold-open spring for the clamping lever (29) is designed as a pressure-loaded gas spring cushion (38) is. 5. Deflection fitting according to claim 4, characterized in that that the gas spring cushion consists of a block of foam plastic with closed, gas-filled cells. 6. Deflection fitting according to claim 3, characterized in that the compression spring element consists of a preformed leaf spring, which loses its dimensional stability when a predetermined force is reached and its spring force suddenly drops sharply, exists. 7. Deflection fitting according to claim 2, characterized in that the clamping lever (29, 31, 32) is designed like a frame is, wherein the deflection point runs as a transverse beam (35) with a smooth surface parallel to the pivot axis (28) and laterally upstanding lugs (ears 36) for guiding the belt strap (17, 19). 8. Deflection fitting according to claim 7, characterized in that the lugs (36) on their webbing (17, 19) facing Side with a comparatively large radius in the surface of the deflection point (35) touching the belt webbing pass over. 9. Deflection fitting according to claim 8, characterized in that the radius (R) is at least five times the thickness of the Belt webbing corresponds and is preferably five to ten times the webbing thickness. 709812/0442 10. Deflection fitting according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that the housing has a base plate (22) which above the deflection point (35) a device (26) for the rotatable fastening of the housing in the interior of the motor vehicle, so that the housing and adjust its parts in the direction of the belt extension. 11. Deflection fitting according to claim 10, characterized in that the housing is open at the top and bottom and side walls (23) and a front wall (24), the side walls for mounting the pivot axis (28) for the Clamping lever (29) and the front wall (24) are provided to support the compression spring element (38). 12. Deflection fitting according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that the lever arm (32) carrying the deflection point (35) is bent and between the bend and the pivot axis (28) has the clamping surface (33), the clamping of the belt strap (17, 19) against the front wall (24) of the housing takes place, while the compression spring element (38) between the other lever arm (31) and the rear wall (22) of the housing is arranged (Fig. 4). 13. Deflection fitting according to Ainem of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping surface aüf * - pointing lever arm (32) on its facing away from the clamping surface Side is acted upon by a permanent magnet (41), the holding force of which is the predetermined permissible belt pull-out force corresponds to (Fig. 5, 7, 8). 14. Deflection fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnet (41) with an electromagnet (42) is combined, which repulsively acts on the end of the lever carrying the clamping surface (33) (31) acts, whereby the electromagnet is known per se 709812 / 0U2 Way is incorporated into an electrical circuit, which is a vehicle-firing-sensitive organ (Sensor 43) which controls the action of the electromagnet (42) (Fig. 5). 15. Deflection fitting according to claim 14, characterized in that that the electromagnet (42) is combined with a tension spring (45) (Fig. 6). 16. Deflection fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that that the clamping device includes a one-armed lever (50) pivotable about an axis of rotation, which the Has deflection point (35) and articulated with an additionally guided parallel by an articulated arm (55) Control shoe (54) is connected, which is connected to a predetermined belt force or to the signal of a sensor (43) parked holding device (56) in operative connection stands, the clamping lever protruding with its deflection point through a housing opening (53) so that the belt strap (17, 19) extends outside the housing (5t) in the release position, but against the lower edge in the locked position (49) of the housing opening (53) is jammed (Fig. 7, 8). 17. Deflection fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the sensor (43) electrically connected to the magnetic control of the clamping device with vehicle-sensitive response, for example by means of a pendulum or a ball, a brief electrical response Impulse generated, which by an electrical control in the sensor in a current impulse lasting seconds with automatic shutdown is converted, which acts on the electromagnet of the clamping device. 18. Deflection fitting according to claim 17, characterized in that the duration of the current surge is at least 30 milliseconds amounts to. 709812/0442 19. Deflection fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that
that the dimensions of the housing and the components are chosen such that the fitting is to be arranged within the cladding of the B-pillar of motor vehicle bodies, the pillar cladding having a window for the passage of the belt strap. 709812/0442