DE2535985C3 - Spray to compensate for the lack of microelements in plants grown on peat soils - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a spray with which the micro-element deficiency that occurs on peat soil cultivated plants is characteristic, can be balanced.

Through years of research it was found that the cultivated on peat soils Plants are incapable of procuring the micro-elements necessary for their healthy development, in the first place Manganese (Mn), then copper (Cu), in some places iron (Fe) as a third, to be taken up in sufficient quantities. (S. Szalay, M. Szulägyi, Z. Samsoni: AgrokemiaesTalajtan 19, 34-54 [1970]; S. Szalay, Z. Sämsoni, M. Szilägyi: Akrokemia es Talajtan 19, 13-26 [1970] S. Szalay, M. Szilägyi, Z. Sänsoni: Agrokema es Talajtan 19, 1-12 [1970]; Szalay 6th Int. Meeting on Organic Geochem. Sept 1973; Rue i I Malmaison [Paris] Editions Technique Paris, 1874). It has also long been known that the Deficiency of microelements adversely affects both the quality and the quantity of the crop yield. Animals living on feed also need certain micro-elements, among other things Manganese, copper and iron. If these are absent, deficiency diseases appear in the development of the animals on (see for example György Tögyesi: A növenyek mikroelem tartalma es ennek mezogazdasägi vonatkozäsai [The micro-element content of plants and its importance for agriculture], Mezogazdasägi Koenyvkiado, Budapest, 1969).

Further research has shown that there is no improvement in the amount or quality of Crop yield if the micro-elements are introduced into the peat-rich soil in the form of artificial fertilizers, because they are bound there by the peat humic acids through sorption and only to a small extent be absorbed by the plants (S. BcIOk,

D. Gyori, Z. Sämsoni, S. Szalay, M. Szilägyi, A.Thot: Agrokemiaes Talajtan 18, 263-288 (1969]; S. Beläk, D. Gyori, Z. Sämsoni, S. Szalay, M. Szilägyi, A. ThOt: Agrokemia es Talajtan 19, 27-38 [1970J; S. Szalay, Z. Sämsoni, M. Szilägyi: Agrokemia es Talajtan 19, 39-54 [1970]),

The micro-elements can be applied to the leaves in the form of a suitable spray (foliage spray) the plants are applied. In this case it will be the microelements completely absorbed through the leaves.

Several micro-element sprays are known. These are intended for use on soils with too few micro-elements and are included in the generally all micro-elements in the form of fairly dilute solutions. However, these solutions are to compensate for the micro-element deficiency that occurs especially in plants growing on peat soils, not suitable, as there is a significant amount of manganese in peat soils, furthermore (slightly less) Copper and iron must be added, while zinc, boron, cobalt and other known microelements are not needed. Furthermore, a known problem is that the plants on peaty soils ingesting too much molybdenum for the vegetable feed However, when eating animals, there is a certain balanced Cu and Mo ratio in the feed (approx 5: 1) is necessary for the supply. Too little Cu and Mn and at the same time too much Mo in the feed increasing symptoms of deficiency disease in the animals because the Mo reduces the uptake of Cu will. Sprays that also contain molybdenum are unsuitable for soils containing peat (Gy. Tölgyesi: A növenyek mikroelem tartalma es ennek mezogazdasägi vonatkozäsai, Mezögazd. koenyvkiado Budapest, 1969).

A suitable spray is also required to contain the microelements in a form necessary for the plants and easily absorbed by the leaves. The Mn ²⁺ and Fe ²⁺ ions are absorbed very easily. In an almost neutral solution and finely distributed in the air, however, these ions oxidize to Mn ³⁺ and Mn ⁴⁺ or Fe ₁ ³⁺ . These ions precipitate in the form of insoluble oxide hydroxides and in this form are unsuitable for being absorbed by the plant leaves. The spray must therefore contain a reducing agent so that this oxidation is avoided until the agent has been applied and absorbed by the leaves.

Another requirement is that the spray must not be acidic in a caustic way, since in this case it would cause burns on the leaves.

The aim of the invention is to develop a spray which contains the microelements (Mn ²⁺ , Cn ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ ) missing from the plants growing on peaty soils in such a ratio and in the form of such compounds that it is sprayed onto the leaves the plants compensate for the lack of microelements to a satisfactory extent.

Accordingly, the subject matter of the invention is a spray to compensate for the deficiency in microelectronics of plants grown on peat soils in the form of an aqueous solution, which is characterized by that the solution, based on its total weight, 0.1 to 5 wt .-% divalent manganese ions, 0.03 to

1.2% by weight of divalent copper ions and 0 to 1.6% by weight of bivalent iron clays, a reducing agent, a complexing agent, and optionally a substance that increases hygroscopicity and to adjust the pH value between 4 and 6 Contains ammonium hydroxide, and the copper and manganese ions in a weight ratio of 1: 3 to 1: 6 are available.

The microelements are preferably in the form of the sulfates in the spray composition according to the invention before.

The preferred ratio between copper and manganese is 1: 4.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the spray mine contains 0.05 to 0.05 as a reducing agent 3% by weight tartaric acid.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the spray agent, as complexing agent, be 0.02 to 1% by weight of ethylenediannin tetraacetic acid sodium contains

Finally, it is preferred that the spray agent use ammonium nitrate as the hygroscopicity-increasing substance contains.

Tartaric acid is particularly suitable as a reducing agent because it ^{forms complexes with both Cu 2+} and Fe ²⁺ and also has a weakly reducing protective effect ^{on the NfIn 2+} and FE ^{2+ ions.} This is particularly advantageous because the spray according to the invention contains considerable amounts of Cu ions and these would only be stable in a strongly acidic solution without hydrolysis or precipitation occurring. However, with strongly acidic solutions, plants cannot be sprayed without serious damage. Therefore a partial neutralization of the spray and at the same time the dissolving lead of the copper had to be ensured.

The spray is preferred as the complexing agent ÄShylendiamintetraessigsäurenatrium added, which all three microelements in solution and also enables significant savings in tartaric acid.

The pH of the preparation is preferably 5.

For the production of the Spirüh-

using the following example is given.

Example!

The components listed below are dissolved in 25 liters of water:

3.60 kg MnSO ₄ H ₁ O (= 4, 5 % by weight Mn) 1.20 kg CuSO, 5H ₁ O (= 1.2% by weight Cu) 2.00 kg FcSO ₄ 7H, O (= 1.6% by weight Fe) 0.50 kg tartaric acid "(= 2.0% by weight)

0.30 kg NH ₄ NO ₃ (= 1.2% by weight)

0.20 kg EDTA-Na (= 0.8% by weight).

The pH of the solution is then adjusted to 5 with ammonium hydroxide.

The concentrate obtained in this way is to be used on the spot immediately before use Walser diluted. The degree of dilution depends on the technique of spraying. The ones in the above The amount given in the recipe is sufficient for a single treatment of one hectare of peaty soil.

When spraying from the ground, about 40fold dilution must be used. Will be dated If the plane is sprayed out, the concentrate must be diluted 6 times.

When diluting, it is advisable to use one for such Usual wetting agent purposes, ζ. B. a fatty alcohol sulfonate added, so that a better wetting effect is achieved.

The use of the spray according to the invention produced extraordinary success. In Balatonfenyves (a village on the southern shore of Lake Balaton), the ^{silage maize grown in test plots in an area of 2500 m 2 was} treated twice with the spray according to the invention. On the untreated control plant, the average iron content in the dry content of the maize samples was 192.6 ppm, the manganese content 6.07 ppm, and the copper content 8.4 ppm. In contrast, the maize grown on the sprayed test plot had an iron content of 203 ppm, a mawgane content of 48 ppm and a copper content of 12 ppm. The crop yield of green plants was 76% higher in the sprayed area than in the untreated control.

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Spray to compensate for the lack of microelements of plants grown on peat soils in the form of an aqueous solution, thereby characterized in that the solution, based on its total weight, 0.1 to 5 wt .-% divalent manganese ions, 0.03 to 1.2% by weight of divalent copper ions and 0 to 1.6% by weight divalent iron ions, a reducing agent, a complexing agent and optionally a die Hygroscopicity-increasing substance and for setting the pH value between 4 and 6 Contains ammonium hydroxide, and the copper and manganese ions in a weight ratio of 1: 3 up to 1: 6 are available. 2. Spray according to claim 1, characterized in that it is 0.0S to as a reducing agent Contains 3% by weight of tartaric acid. 3. Spray according to claim 1, characterized in that it is 0.02 to as a complexing agent Contains 1% by weight ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium. 4. Spray according to claim 1, characterized in that it increases the hygroscopicity Substance contains ammonium nitrate. Γι