DE2533138A1 - ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR - Google Patents

Description

Reg. No. 124 740

PATENT LAWYERS

Dr.-Ing. Wolff H Bartels

Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Brandes Dr-Ing. hero Dipl.-Phys. Wolff

8 Munich 22, Thierschstrasse

Tel. (089) 293297 Telex 0523325 (patwo d) Telegram address: wolffpatent, munich postal check account Stuttgart 7211 (BLZ 60010070) Deutsche Bank AG, 14/28630 (BLZ 60070070) Office hours: 8 a.m. - 12 p.m., 1 p.m. - 4.30 p.m. except saturdays

July 21, 1975 25/2

SOUTHWIRE COMPANY
Carrollton, Georgia 30117 / USA

Electrical conductor

6 Ü '; · a Ü 8/11 3 1 3

Electrical conductor

The invention relates to an electrical conductor for an outdoor power line, consisting of a cable with a steel core and an outer aluminum component, which is in an at least partially relaxed state, around the steel core with an electrical conductivity of at least 61 % IACS.

It is generally known to use cables made of a steel core and a sheath made of aluminum for overhead lines, the high conductivity of aluminum and the high strength of steel are used. Such leaders are found in the literature referred to as the so-called "ACSR" conductor, the abbreviation "ACSR" standing for "Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced", i.e. for one aluminum ladder reinforced with steel. More technical information ' for such conductors, see the ASTM specification B-232 "Standard Specification for Aluminum Conductors, Concentric-Lay-Stranded Steel Reinforced (ACSR). "The principle of using steel-reinforced aluminum conductors is also an example known from US-PS 3,378,631.

Aluminum and aluminum-steel outdoor ladders are traditionally used manufactured with hardness levels that provide tensile strength as high as commercially acceptable. Usually open air lines designed so that this strength can be used to the greatest possible benefit, which is why the operational stresses on the aluminum component of these conductors are considerable. The degree of hardness (temper) and the order of magnitude of the operational Stress are directly related to the problem of loss of strength at high operating temperatures and fatigue strength. If, for example, wires of different metals, e.g. made of steel and aluminum from Tyn EC-H19, which are in the form of a strand, of a rope or a cable are present, "easy on each other ι pulled, the metal breaks with the least ductility or

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or ductility first. In the case of conventional, so-called composite conductors, in which aluminum is the conductive metal, for example in the case of ACSR conductors, the aluminum wires or aluminum cables have the lowest degree of ductility and break when they expand by only M. For this reason In the case of ACSR conductors, a strength of the steel core of less than 11 elongation is unsuitable for such conductors.

Will be common ACSR-type conductors with a hard drawn EC aluminum component laid above ground, i.e. between support masts, so the degree of deflection of the cable during installation is calculated by taking the tensile strengths and elongations of both the Steel core as well as the aluminum shell can be considered. At elevated temperatures, however, the hard-drawn begins Aluminum component to relax (anneal), whereby the elongation increases and the strength decreases, which leads to the fact that the steel core has to bear a larger percentage of the burden. This leads to an increase in the degree of deflection of the cable compared to the degree of deflection during installation. Because the degree of deflection in the case of an open-air power line must not exceed a predetermined maximum value, it is obvious that the common ACSR type cables are not used at temperatures in which a relaxation (annealing) of the aluminum component takes place beyond a certain IVert.

-O

From US Pat. No. 3,813,481 an attempt is known to overcome the aforementioned problems in the case of cables of the ACSR type. From the No. 3,813,481 conductors are known which consist of a completely relaxed aluminum component supported by a steel core will be carried. Since the aluminum is fully relaxed, it has increased elongation characteristics, which is why such a cable at higher Operating temperatures can be used as an ACSR conductor. When installing, the aluminum component becomes beyond its Yield strength stretched so that the steel core bears practically the entire load of the conductor. Because the deflection during installation

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copy;

V - I -

solely on the basis of the tensile strength and elongation of the steel core is calculated, there is no further deflection in the event of increased operational stiffness, as the steel core already takes the entire load during installation.

However, since the aluminum components do not contribute to the load-bearing capacity of the composite conductor in the case of such cables contributes, the steel must have a larger cross-sectional dimension than in the case of conventional ACSR cables in order to avoid the loss of load-bearing capacity to compensate for the aluminum component. The increased cross-section, however, such a composite conductor leads to problems in connecting cables in the case of common connectors, which are dimensioned in such a way that they are compatible with the ACSR conductor fit smaller cross-sectional dimensions. On the other hand, the Steel cross-section adapted to the cross-section of conventional cables, then the tensile strength of the cable is compared to the tensile strength of a conventional cable.

The object of the invention was therefore to provide an electrical conductor or a cable which withstands high operating temperatures, while maintaining its strength as well as its deflection and deflection Tension properties.

The invention was based on the knowledge that the task at hand can be solved by an electrical conductor made of a steel core and an outer aluminum component, in which the aluminum component consists of an aluminum alloy and has a high tensile strength in the relaxed (annealed) state, which is equivalent is the tensile strength of hard drawn aluminum.

The object of the invention is therefore an electrical conductor for an outdoor power line, consisting of a cable with a steel core and an outer aluminum component that is in an at least partially annealed state around the Steel core with an electrical conductivity of at least $ 61 IACS, which is characterized in that the at least partially

A relaxed aluminum component made from an aluminum alloy with a yield strength of 914 kg / cm ^ (13000 PSI) at an elongation of 51, if partially relaxed, to a yield strength of 598 kg / cm ² (8500 PSI) at one elongation of 15% when completely relaxed.

In the case of an electrical conductor according to the invention can thus the aluminum component bear part of the load, which enables:

1 . The use of less steel and more aluminum iia cross-section compared to the cross-sectional dimension of a comparable cable of the type known from US Pat. No. 3,813,481 and consequently a greater current carrying capacity than in the case of a cable the state of the art or

2. The same steel cross-sectional dimension as in the case of a prior art cable, but higher operating temperatures are possible than in the case of conventional cables of the RC-ACSR type.

At the same time, the relaxed aluminum component has an electric Head according to the invention has a larger insulation than that Aluminum component of common ACSR cables, which is why they are also used with increased Temperature bears part of the load, thereby weakening the tendency to increase the bending of the cable, as occurs with conventional composite ACSR conductors at elevated temperatures when the hard-drawn aluminum component loses strength.

The invention thus enables the production of electrical conductors for overhead power lines or overhead lines from a steel core and an aluminum component that is wound, twisted or stranded around the steel core, the at least partially relaxed aluminum component consisting of an aluminum alloy with a yield point and elongation characteristics, if at least partially , \ ^r relaxed, which are such that the aluminum component

acts as a load-bearing element when the conductor or cable loads or girders between two spaced apart τ laid v; ird and if the conductor or the cable over the Zugbclastbarheit beyond which the relaxed (annealed) aluminum; ainiurr. components of the composite ladder of the .State of the art exceeding their yield point, making ladder and cables with improved properties are achieved with respect to fatigue resistance, compared to ladders or cables with at least partially relaxed aluminum components that are not subject to stress under comparable tensile loads could carry, at the same time a sagging of the head is reached at elevated temperatures.

As already explained, aluminum alloys with a yield strength of 914 kg / cm are suitable for the production of electrical conductors according to the invention for an elongation of 5%, if partially relaxed, up to a yield point of at least 598 kg / cm for ei]
(fully annealed).

2
598 kg / cm for a stretch of 151 when fully relaxed

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the aluminum component of the electrical conductor according to the invention consists of an aluminum alloy with 0.30 to 0.95 % by weight of iron, 0.01 to 0.15% by weight of silicon and trace elements not exceeding 0.05% by weight .-%.

According to a second particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the aluminum component of the conductor consists of an aluminum alloy with 0.20 to 2.00% by weight of cobalt, 0.10 to 1.30% by weight of iron, 0.0001 to 1.00% by weight I weight magnesium, 0 to 1.75 weight percent of at least one further alloy element, namely at least one of the following elements: nickel, copper, silicon, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, scandium, thorim, carbon black or rare earth metals , the remainder of the alloy consisting of aluminum, optionally with trace elements, preferably not more than 0.05% by weight .

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2S33138

According to a third particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the aluminum component of the conductors consists of an aluminum alloy with 0.20 to 1.60 weight percent, nickel, 0.30 to 1.30
Gev.-o iron and possibly trace elements, preferential prices

not more than 0.05% by weight !.

The electrical conductors of the invention can be rr.it particular Use advantage in cases where a compound Conductors not only have a comparatively high electrical conductivity must have, but at the same time also a comparative good strength-to-weight ratio, good ratio from strength to operating temperature and a comparatively large power line capacity.

The drawing serves to explain the invention in more detail. In detail are shown in:

Figure 1 is a cross section of a conductor according to the invention, consisting from a core of stranded or twisted steel wires and a sheath of aluminum wires that are helical are arranged over the steel core;

Figure 2 shows a cross section of another electrical conductor according to

of the invention from a core of stranded or twisted

ten steel wires and a seamless one arranged around them

Sheath or seamless tube made from an aluminum alloy

Figure 3 shows a cross section of a further electrical conductor according to the invention made of a steel core made of stranded or twisted Steel wires with a welded aluminum sheath or a welded aluminum tube around the core;

FIG. 4 shows a further cross section of an electrical conductor according to the invention composed of a core made of stranded or twisted strands Steel wires with a sheath made of an aluminum alloy, namely aluminum alloy strips in an arc (keystone-sectioned);

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FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a further electrical conductor according to FIG of the invention from a core of stranded or twisted steel wires with a sheath of flat on the edges rounded strips of a ^ luniniim alloy, the are helically wound around the core.

This is common practice in the wire and cable industry here the subject matter of the invention is referred to as "ladder", although more precisely the aluminum alloy component is the actual conductor.

The conductor 1Π shown in Figure 1 consists of a twisted or braided steel core 12 and an electrical conductive, Aluminum alloy corrponents braided helically around the core 12 14. In the case of FIG. 1, there is the aluminum alloy component of two superposed layers 16 and 18 of helical aluminum alloy wires bonded around the core 12 ZO.

The steel core 12 can be of any conventional construction but preferably made of braided or twisted steel wires. For example, they are familiar with the same structure and manufacture be connected to the cores as used in the case of conventional twisted or braided ACSK conductors and how they are for example are described in ASTM B 232 "Aluminum Conductors, Steel Reinforced, Concentric-Lay Stranded (ACSR) ", B 341" Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized) Steel Core Wire for Aluminum Conductors, Steel Reinforced (ACSR) ", B 502" Aluminum-Clad Steel Reinforced (ACSR- / AW) "and B 498" Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Core V / ire for Aluminum Conductors, Steel Reinforced (ACSR) ".

As can be seen from Figure 1, the steel core 12 consists of seven steel strands 22 with a diameter of 0.3454 cm, which are helical are twisted to form a core with an outer diameter of 1.036 cm (0.4080 inch).

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iJie Aluniniu: .ile £ ierun £ sdr ^; thte 2 ') are entreder partially relaxed, too eiiieiu half-hard temper or completely relaxed and directly on de; ·; Core 12 ^ braided, producing a material according to the invention. ^! ßen conductor.

As can be seen from the following table T, the conductors \, Y and Z of the present iirf iadun.T, although they have a lower average tensile strength and distance than the fCH-19-Muniniu ¹¹ } used for comparison. The values of their tensile strengths and stretching limits, however, ran over the fourth of assembled steel liters with a relaxed aluminum element: icon component, and zv / ar by more than 20%. niierdies woisein the Aluiainiuinle _(<> c ycle, 3sdr "hte 20 of the fiction, ^ euriPcn head of a _.'Jehnun% '], which is sufficient χχλ the benefits of reduced deflection and higher operating temperatures ^ Yei costs.

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Table Γ

properties

Prior art alloys that can be used according to the invention Alloy X Alloy Y Alloy Z (US-PS 3 S13 481) HC-II-ID

Temper

q tensile strength «? in kg / cm "

co yield strength in

• ^ kg / cm ²

- »Elongation (I) in

co 10 inches

Conductivity tin., I IACS

.0 semi (fully relaxed) hard

844

598

1265

914

61, c

15.0 5.0-7.0 15.0

61.0 61.0

1336

844

15.0

63.0

partly hα1b ■ relaxed hard

5P8

478

1125-

1406

598

165 2-

2039

1617

63,

61.0 61.0

2B33138 44

When stress-relieved aluminum alloy wires are used, the strength of ACS "-Tyr> conductors is calculated differently than when using hard-drawn wires. This is based on the fact that the elongation of hard-drawn aluminum wires (of the order of magnitude of 2 ⁰ O is considerably less than the elongation of steel wires (of the order of magnitude of 5 °), although the elongation of relaxed aluminum alloy wires is considerably greater than the elongation of steel, in the case of hard-drawn aluminum wires, it is less , the calculated strength of a conductor is calculated on the basis of the full strength of the Aluniriui, .- ürollte; lus the strength of the steel at'lcdigli-h 1- elongation higher strength, the full strength of the .stahldr.'ihtc can be used for the calculation of the strength, with the creation of a conductor of higher strength, the Betr iel can withstand temperatures of 150 to 20O ⁰ C without a significant loss of mechanical properties.

inäfj an advantageous embodiment of the invention, which results in Table I when using the alloy X, there is AluniniuKikoiTiponente 14 of the conductor 10 preferably made of an aluminum alloy having about 0.30 to about 0.95 weight ¹ I ₁ iron, 0, 01 to about 0.15% by weight silicon and 0.0001 to about 0.05% by weight of trace elements, essentially consisting of vanadium, copper, manganese, magnesium, boron and titanium.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention i: a case of the aluminum alloy component 14 of the conductor 10 the ratio of iron to silicon is at least 1.99: 1 or above, preferably at 8: 1 or above.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, after the relaxation of the aluminum alloy component, iron aluminate inclusions are present in this, the majority of these iron aluminate inclusions having a particle size of less than 2000 % units, measured in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal

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axis of the connections. The inclusions are practically indefinite distributed in the aluminum alloy component.

According to a second particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention (see Table I, alloy Y), the aluminum component 14 of the conductor 10 is preferably made of an aluminum alloy with about 0.20 to about 2.00 Gev: .- ⁹ «cobalt, about 0.1 to about 1.3 Gev; .- | Bisen, about 0ß) 1 to about 1.00 weight-I magnesium and up to about 1.75 weight-I of a further alloy element, consisting of: nickel, copper, silicon, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, scandium, Thorium, carbon or rare earth metals or mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds, the remainder of the alloy consisting of aluminum, optionally with trace elements.

According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention (see Table I, alloy Z), the aluminum component of the conductor 10 preferably consists of an aluminum alloy with essentially nickel, iron or, if appropriate, further alloying elements and aluminum. It has been found that particularly advantageous results are obtained when the nickel is present in a weight ratio of from about 0.20 to about 1.60 weight percent. Particularly advantageous results are obtained when nickel is present in an amount by weight of 0.50 to about 1.00 wt.%. Very particularly advantageous results are obtained with a nickel concentration of about 0.60 to about 0.80% by weight .

Furthermore, advantageous results are obtained when the aluminum alloy has an iron content of about 0.30 to about 1.30 wt. Particularly advantageous results are obtained at iron concentrations of about 0.40 to about 0.80 part by weight of I and exceptionally advantageous results are obtained with an iron content of about 0.45 to about 0.65 weight - achieved.%.

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The Alui-iiniui. Content of the Aluniniur-lejieriuv'skiK'ponente 1Ί l. Can be advantageous;. ^r else at about 97 to about ^l .M), 50 flew.-ι, lie, with particularly advantageous results are achieved when the Aluirtiniu salbegin, at about 97.80 to et «? 9,2O rev .- 's lies. IJA the maximum percentages ^{and> r} indcstprozeiitsütze to.-luininiuu not with the maximum percentages and "indestprozentsätzen for Legierungseler-iente match, it is apparent that beneficial results are not obtained when the maxi-.halen I iengeii säntlicher alloying elements If commercial aluminum is used to produce the aluminum alloy component 14 of the conductor 10, it has proven to be advantageous if the aluminum, before the addition of the specified alloy element, did not exceed a total of approximately 0.10% by weight ο impurities. : n contains.

If necessary, the aluminum alloy component 14 can be an additional one Alloy element or a group of Lepierun elements contain. The total concentration of any Alloy element is advantageously about up to 2.00% by weight, in particular at about 0.10 to about 1.50 lew.-i .. Whole particularly advantageous results are obtained when overall about 0.10 to about 1.00 weight percent alloying elements can be used.

Particularly advantageous results are obtained when the additional alloying elements, which are listed in the following Table II should be used in the concentrations specified there.

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€ 09808/0313

Table II

Ll orient (le \ i .-%

Magnesium _ 0.001 to 1.00

Cobalt 0.001 to 1, :) 0

Copper 0.05 to 1.00

Silicon 0.05 to 1.00

Zirconium 0.01 to 1.00

Niobium 0.01 to 2.00

Tantalum 0.01 to 2.00

Yttrium 0.01 to 1.00

Scandium 0.01 to 1.00

Thorium 0.01 to 1.00

rare earth metals. 0.01 to 2.00

Carbon 0.01 to 1.00

Advantageous results are obtained in particular when cobalt or magnesium is used as an additional alloying element will. For example, particularly advantageous results are obtained if either * Iagnesiuir. or cobalt in abundance from about 0.001 to about 1.00 percent by weight is used, in particular when cobalt or magnesium are used in concentrations of about 0.025 to about 0.50 wt. As very particularly beneficial suggested the use of about 0.03 to about 0.10 percent by weight of proven to be either cobalt or magnesium.

The rare earth metals can be found either individually in the table II given concentration range or as a group or subgroup in the concentration range given in Table II.

The additional alloy elements can be present either individually or as a group of two or more elements. It should be noted that if 2 or more of the additional alloy elements are used, the total concentration of additional alloy elements should preferably not be more than about 2.00% by weight.

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The one shown in Figure 2 is rindun. ^o , s. ⁱ '.e; u ^: i ^r ' c conductor 50 consists of a: steel core 12, for example a composition as it appears from the description of FIG. 1, and a tubular or tubular hall made of aluminum 32, which is extruded onto the core 12 and forms an integral conductor with these. The extrusion takes place at a temperature at which the aluminum alloy remains in the relaxed state, while maintaining the properties that are required for a conductor according to the invention.

At the ir; Figure 3 shown head is a alternative embodiment to the embodiment shown in FIG. The conductor 42 consists of the steel core 12 and an aluminum alloy component 40 arranged like a stirrer by wrapping a wide strip around the core made of an electrically conductive relaxed aluminum alloy and welding the opposing edges at 46 below Use of conventional welding equipment and welding methods.

Vs can also aluminum alloy ribbons or strands of a different cross-section used as kiasförnigen v / ground. The embodiment of a conductor according to the invention shown in FIG. 4 has a steel core 12 made of 7 × 0.3782 cm helically twisted steel cables with an outer diameter of 1.1346 cm, encased by a tube made of an electrically conductive, relaxed aluminum alloy 27 with an inner diameter in the manufacture of 1.1346 cm and consisting of 10 trapezoidal wires or ropes 29 with a thickness of 0.508 cm.

In the case of the embodiment of a device according to the invention shown in FIG Conductor, the first inner layer consists of a tubular aluminum alloy conductor of three helical shapes interwoven aluminum alloy strips with rounded edges

each 0.254 cm thick and a threefold approximately 1.016 ci-i. This layer has an inner diameter of 1.013 cm to the. Time of manufacture and an outer diameter of 1.521 CKi. The second, outer layer of the tubular aluminum alloy conductor is helically wrapped around the first layer in opposite directions of rotation and consists made of four aluminum alloy strips with rounded edges of each 0.254 cm thick and about 1.016 cm wide. This layer has one at the time of its manufacture inner diameter of 1.52 cm and an outer diameter of 2.029 cm. In either case, the strips are made of aluminum alloy bent around the longitudinal axis of the tubular aluminum conductor, see above that each strip is precisely fitted, as can be seen from the cross-section results.

The strips 20 are made of electrically conductive aluminum alloy and were fully relaxed before being applied to the steel core. The layer 16 can optionally consist of a larger or smaller Number of strips 20 can be generated.

For the production of inventive conductors can thus be integral or integrated or welded tubes, wires, ropes and strips can alternatively be used. The most favorable arrangement in individual cases is usually the one that can be produced in a particularly economical manner and, best of all, the one to be used in individual cases Requirements are sufficient.

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Claims (1)

ρ α τ β: ■; τ λ χ S ι ¹ :? OC Ii ι- 1. electrical .conductor for an outdoor power line consisting of a cable with a steel core and an outer aluminum connector, who is in an at least partially relaxed state, ui.i advises the steel core to have an electrical conductivity of at least 61 ° s IACS, characterized in that the at least partially relaxed aluminum convonents from one eye with a yield strength of 914 k ^ / cm for a Oehnun ^ of 5%, if partially relaxed, up to a stretching limit of at least 593 k ^ / cn ", with an" »ehnunj of 15 °, when completely relaxed, exists. 2. Conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that since "Aluminiuinkomuonente aluminum nit from 0.30 to 0.95 wt -.% Iron, 0.01 to 0.15 wt .-" ö Siliciura and not more than 0.05 Gev.-1 trace elements exist. 3. Ladder according to eini.i of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the aluminum component of 0.55 to 0.65 wt. 3 iron, 'ü ₅ wt ⁰ 01 to 0.07 »silicon and from 99.10 to 99.44 parts by weight of aluminum I, optionally with trace elements, consists. 4. Ladder according to one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that that the Aluaiiniumlegierungskoniponente in equal distribution contains liisenaluainate inclusions with a particle size of less than 2J00 K-units. 5. Ladder according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the aluminum alloy component is completely in one relaxed quenching state. 6Ö9808 / 0313 O. Leader after one of the answers:> r "! C ;; c 1 to 4, thereby .ckennzeichnct, da'i the \ luiii; iiur.lcjicrun:; sko'ii [) onente in cinei; halbitartcii There is a state of recovery. 7. Head to 'ms ^ rucl ·. 1, characterized, Yes? the AIun.iniuHle ^ ^ c ycle skoKiponer.te consists of 0.20 to 2.00 wt ⁰ O
Cobalt; 0.10 to 1.30 Gcv ..- ° _o iron; 0.001 to 1.00 Γ, ον.- ^Ο ο
/ la ^ nesiom; O, up to 1.75 wt. "At least one of the to ;;. ^: 'useful Lejierunj-selei-ientc: micKel, copper, silicon, zirconium, X ^T iobiur.i, tantalum, yttriuia, 3candiuK, thorium, carbon and rare
Erdj.ietall; and ziiin pest from aluminum and possibly trace elements. 8. Ladder according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that it consists of 0.55 to 0.95% by weight of cobalt, 0.10 to 0.30 wt Trace elements. 9. Electrical conductor according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized marked, dal? the aluminum alloy skoiPiponente the same foriiii ^ distributes cobalt salusinate inclusions of a subgroup less than 2 microns in length and 1 / micron in width. 10. Ladder according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that that the AlurciniuElegierun ^ skourponente in one full relaxed quenching state and a yield strength of is at least 703 kg / cra at 15% elongation in 10 inches. 11. A ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum alloy component consists of 0.20 to 1.60 wt. ° s nickel, 0j30 to 1.30 wt .-% iron, and the remainder of aluminum soivie possibly trace elements. 609808/0313 12. Head according to one of claims ¹ 1 His11, characterized ^ »ckcnnzeich- mt, that it consists of 0.40 to 0.8"> cv: .-% iron, 0.50 to
1.00 wt -.% Nickel and from Zusi test Aluniniui .: optionally with trace elements. 13. Head according to one:; i of claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the Alui.iiniunile ^ ierunr in a fully relaxed
Is quenched and has a yield strength of approximately 844 k ^ / ciii "* at an elongation of 15s in 10 inches. XO Blank page