DE2531442A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF DYEING PROCESSES - Google Patents

Abstract

The process permits the process course when dyeing or optically brightening textile material according to the exhaust method, - e.g. with respect to the quality of the dyeing or the brightening effect and/or to the minimisation of the expenditure of time, energy or auxiliary chemicals to be consumed -, to be conducted optimally. For the determination of the concentration change of the dyestuffs or optical brighteners in the dyestuff or optical brightener single- or multi-component system employed, this system is considered on the basis of the empirical values in the immediate past using a model in order to determine the optimal control parameters which are used as discrete operating or control values for the self-adjusting direct digital control of the course of the process. Using this process, the course of the process when dyeing using dyestuffs or brighteners which in solution do not obey Lambert-Beer's law can be optimally conducted.

Description

iL-fc ^ V-. w-a ^ s I

CIBA-GEIGY AG. CH-4002 Basel

1-9833 Germany

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Attorney's File 26 291 ¹ ^ - ^July

Method and device for the optimal management of dyeing processes.

The present invention relates to a method for optimal management of dyeing processes for Materials after pull-out rivets, the device to carry out this process as well as the material dyed by this process.

When dyeing textile material using exhaust methods the dyebath is usually heated linearly. This heating must be done slowly throughout the entire time in order to avoid uneven staining, since it is not possible to determine the different behavior of the dyebath components and the substrate, e.g. the different absorption speed of the dyes must be taken into account accordingly. A relatively big one Loss of time in dyeing is therefore inevitable.

From the German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1 794 143 a dyeing process is known in which

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a time in which the bath should be exhausted is specified and in which the dye concentration of the dyebath is continuously measured and programmed with a Concentration is compared, with any deviations continuously compensated by changes in the dyeing temperature will.

German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,361,491 describes a method for regulating dyeing processes, in which the physical and chemical factors, which determine the dyeing process, using the bath exhaustion function based on the circulation speed of the Fleet regulates.

However, both methods can only be used to a limited extent, namely only to one-component dye systems or on multi-component systems that are ideally combinable Components exist. However, there are hardly any such systems in practice. In addition, a automatically working dilution station required, if the transmission spectrum of the individual dye or of the multicomponent system which can be combined in an ideal manner in terms of color does not follow the Lambert-Beer law, since without this it is not possible to determine the concentration of the dyes.

It has now been found that these difficulties can be eliminated by taking the dyeing process under Use of a process computer leads. The process computer

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is required to determine the change in concentration of the dyes, which requires an algorithm that a software-based processing required. In addition, with the process computer based on the empirical values of the near past, the system is calculated and based on this Way, the optimal control parameters can be determined. So the arrangement is self-adapting.

Surprisingly, with this arrangement it is possible to also to optimally lead dyeing processes in which a dye which does not look like Lambert-Berry in solution Obeys law, is used or multi-component dye systems, those who do not follow this law, or those who follow this law, but their dyes are not ideally combinable. So far this has not been possible.

The present invention thus relates to a method for optimal management of dyeing processes for Materials according to extraction methods using single- or multi-component dye systems, characterized in that that

a) by measuring the parameters of the dye liquor that describe the process as a function of time and / or concentrations and / or temperature and / or pH value and / or of the liquor throughput, the concentrations of the dyes and / or other bath components are calculated by a directly connected process computer and that from this

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b) the changes in the concentration of the dyes and / or other bath components as a function of time and / or temperature, and / or pH value and / or liquor throughput can be calculated and that with these values

c) process-determining parameters are calculated, the

d) be used in a model that shows the functional relationships between the process-determining parameters and describes the quantities to be optimized so that one

e) discrete boundary conditions taking into account the boundary conditions set and / or determined by the system itself
Guide values for the variable temperature and / or pH value and / or pump output are obtained, and that

f) this applies as control values to the dyeing system, with which a self-adapting direct digital control of the dyeing unit is achieved, which an optimal exhaustion of the individual dyes in terms of economic and / or technical criteria guaranteed.

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Process-describing variables are to be understood as meaning those with the aid of which it is possible to obtain information about to get the course of the coloring process. It is about for example about the liquor circulation rate, the redox potential, the temperature, the pH value, "in particular but about the optical density.

The measuring devices for these quantities are in Principle known. The optical density of the dye liquor is measured, for example, with a spectrophotometer. By using of a process computer it is in the invention Method possible the concentrations of the individual dyes to determine a dye multi-component system, which was previously only possible with a one-component system, its dye obeying your Lambert-Beer's law, was possible. In particular, when using a process computer according to the method of the present invention, it is also possible for Dyes, the extinction coefficients of which are not constant, determine the concentration spectrophotometrically. In In these cases, the dependence of the individual extinction coefficients on the temperature, the concentration, the pH value, the other bath components etc. based on calibration data stored on e.g. magnetic tape in order to then calculate the dye concentrations during the staining from there

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to be retrieved.

Based on the in the course of the staining process through The series of values of the process-describing variables supplied to the measuring devices is now used in the Method calculates the change in these variables as a function of various parameters, e.g. the changes in the concentration of the individual dyes in the dye liquor in Function of e.g. the time, the concentrations, the temperature, the pH value and the liquor throughput.

Due to these functions, process-determining parameters, such as dyeing speed, apparent activation energy, Combinability, diffusion rate, apparent adsorption equilibrium constant are determined and taking into account certain, predefined and / or boundary conditions determined by the system itself discrete reference values for the variable, such as Temperature, pH, etc. processed.

The preferred embodiment of the invention Method is the one in which the dye concentrations are the process-describing variables that are tracked by measuring devices. Determination of the dye Concentrations and their use in self-adapting coloration takes place in the method according to the invention as follows:

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Is the Lambert-Beer marriage law for components absorbing the optical measuring range can be used for an N-component system with N measuring points by means of N equations the individual concentrations Ci can be calculated.

In most cases, however, this method proves to be unsuitable and too for multi-component systems Very precise, because there are already small calibration and measurement inaccuracies result in large errors for the calculated concentrations.

There are now more Measuring points M used as components N are present in the system. This allows the individual concentrations Ci using a multiple linear regression calculation. It was confirmed that the error was in the Concentrations in a given system tend to decrease with increasing difference M-N. A measured value or support point is composed of the sum of the optical densities of the individual components of this wavelength λ-

D opt. Density at wavelength Λ

d Layer thickness of the cuvette

C. Concentration of the i th component

c . j. Extinction coefficient of the ith component in the

Wavelength λ.
N number of components in the bathroom

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If the Lambert-Beer's law is not fulfilled, the N concentrations are determined using the following iteration method: For each component i an arbitrary concentration C is determined. assumed with which, together with the other parameters such as temperature, pH value, etc. based on calibration data, the extinction coefficient £. -j ( ^c _o ±> ^T »PH> etc.) can be determined. A multiple linear regression is now carried out, with a concentration C i for each component i. Is found. With this new set of N concentrations, new extinction coefficients GiA- (C -,., T, pH, etc.) are determined as above, which in turn are required for a multiple linear regression. This procedure is continued until the newly determined concentrations C,. does not differ from the previously entered concentrations C _{/ L} , _ΊΛ by more than a small predetermined limit. differentiate what the concentrations

(Kr L) 1

are determined up to the specified limit.

The determined concentrations are required, together with the results of previous concentration determinations, to determine the process-determining parameters, such as the apparent activation energy E * and the frequency factor G,

Si

to determine with which ultimately the setpoint function for the temperature T is calculated.

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(1) dc _{= G. e} ~ ^Ea * / 2RT

d-TE ¹

R = gas constant

t = time

T = (absolute) temperature

e = base of the natural logarithm

Equation (1) is required to use the last measured values T. and) to determine E _& * and G for each component i by means of a regression from the near past. Together with the currently prevailing temperature T _Q , these parameters are used to determine the setpoint function of the temperature for the near future. For this one uses equation (2)

-E *
m _ a

R ln [(f) ² At ₊ e " ^E

A - ic

^c ~ dt

At = time difference to the near future

In deriving equation (2) it is assumed that that the pull-out speed c is constant (linear pull-out). The effective setpoint function for the temperature is determined by the component whose T value is the lowest, since this component is evidently is the one who pulls up the fastest.

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The inventive method can The dyeing process can be optimally carried out with regard to good reproducibility and quality, e.g. Levelness of coloration and / or minimizing the effort for e.g. time, Energy, consumption of auxiliary chemicals, for example consumption of retarders.

The inventive method is in principle for all dyeing machines can be used in which dyeing can be carried out using the exhaust process. For example: Drum dyeing machines, reel skids, jet, jiggers, package, tree, paddle or pack dyeing machines. These Apparatus must be equipped with the appropriate measuring and control equipment which are connected to a digital process computer.

Leave with the dyeing process according to the invention all kinds of organic materials, especially textile structures made of natural and synthetic fibers, such as yarns, flakes, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, semi-finished and fully assembled Articles, knitwear, textile floor coverings such as tufted carpets, as well as woven and non-woven fabrics, e.g. non-wovens, films, as well as leather, artificial leather and paper made from water and / or organic solvents color evenly.

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As fiber affine which can be used according to the invention Dyes are the same organic dyes that are usually used in dyeing for dyeing of organic materials, especially textile fibers. Depending on the substrate to be colored these are water-soluble anionic or cationic dyes, as well as dyes dispersible in water.

The dyes which can be used according to the invention

can belong to different classes of dyes. In particular are mono-, dis- or polyazo dyes, formazan, anthraquinone, nitro, methine, styryl, azastyryl, Triphenylmethane or phthalocyanine dyes.

The alkali or ammonium salts of the so-called, in particular, come as water-soluble anionic dyes acidic wool dyes, the reactive dyes, with In many cases only the adsorption process can be controlled or the nouns cotton dyes the azo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine series into consideration. Azo dyes are, for example, metal-free Mono- and disazo dyes that contain one or more sulfonic acid groups contain heavy metals, namely copper, chromium, nickel or cobalt monoazo, disazo and formazan dyes, namely 1: 1 or 1: 2 complexes are suitable. Examples of anthraquinone dyes are l-amino-4-arylaminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acids and as phthalocyaniri-

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dyes to mention especially sulfated copper and nickel phthalocyanines or sulfated phthalocyanine amides.

Water-soluble dyes are particularly useful as reactive dyes sulfo group-containing dyes of the azo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine series in question, the at least one contain a fiber-reactive group which has a chemical, i.e. a covalent bond with the fiber material to be dyed are able to enter, for example a monochlorotriazinyl, dichlorotriazinyl, dichloroquinoxalinyl, di- or trichloropyrimidinyl, Difluorochloropyrimidinyl, cc-bromoacrylamide or the ß-oxyethylsulfonylsulfuric acid ester and vinylsulfone group.

The usual salts or metal halides, for example, can be used as water-soluble cationic dyes Zinc chloride double salts of the known cationic dyes, especially methine, azomethine and azo dyes, the indolinium, pyrazolium, imidazolium, triazolium, tetrazolium, oxdiazolium, thiodiazolium, Contain oxazolium, thiazolium, pyridinium, pyrimidinium or pyrazinium ring, into consideration. Furthermore come also cationic dyes of the diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, oxazine, and thiazine series in question, and finally also Color salts of the arylazo and anthraquinone series with an external onium group, for example an external cyclammonium group or alkylammonium group.

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The water-dispersible dyes are, in particular, azo dyes, as well as Anthraquinone, nitro, methine, styryl, azostyryl, naphthoperinone, quinophthalone, or naphthoquinone imine dyes. The dispersible dyes can be metal-free or contain metal-bound complexes. With advantage metal-free disperse dyes are used for polyester fibers and metal complex-containing disperse dyes for synthetic polyamide. This hard in water soluble dyes form in a finely ground state With the help of dispersants, very fine aqueous suspensions.

The method according to the invention is also suitable for whitening undyed textile materials with dispersion and with water-soluble anionic and cationic optical Brighteners. These can belong to any class of brightener. In particular, it is stilbene compounds, coumarins,

Benzocoumarins, pyrazines, pyrazolines, oxazines, dibenzoxazolyl or dibenzimidazolyl compounds and naphthalic acid imides.

The amounts in which the dyes are used in the dyebaths can vary depending on the desired depth of color in a wide range, in general, amounts are from 0.001 to 10 percent by weight, based on the material to be dyed, have proven one or more dyes to be advantageous.

For dyeing natural polyamides such as wool and silk, synthetic polyamides such as polyhexamethylene

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diamine adipate, poly-co-caprolaetam or poly-o? -aminundecanoic acid, The water-soluble acidic wool dyes are particularly suitable for leather and polyurethanes. Are preferred metal-free azo dyes, complex dyes attached to a Metal atom contain two molecules of azo dye bound, as well as anthraquinone dyes.

For dyeing wool as well as cotton fibers are also the so-called reactive dyes, the react with the fibers mentioned and which are particularly different from the azo, formazan, anthraquinone or phthalocyanine dyes derive.

For dyeing natural and regenerated cellulose, in particular cotton and other native or regenerated vegetable fibers, such as rayon, rayon, polynosics and paper, the so-called nouns are mono-, dis- or polyazo dyes that may contain heavy metals, Anthraquinone dyes, nitro or phthalocyanine dyes are suitable, as well as the copper-containing formazan dyes.

Acrylonitriles for dyeing fiber materials made of synthetic polyesters, such as polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polycyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate, synthetic polyamides, poly- and copolymers thereof; or of polyolefins are dispersed azo, anthraquinone, nitro, methine,

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Xanthone, naphthazarine and quinophthalone dyes, the are free of water-solubilizing groups, are especially suitable.

For dyeing fiber material made of polyacrylonitrile and its copolymers or of synthetic acid-modified polyamide or polyester are preferably used cationic dyes, i.e. those whose coloring component is a cation, namely methine, azamethine, Tri- and diphenylmethane dyes, or color salts of the arylazo and anthraquinone series with external onium group.

The method according to the invention is also suitable for dyeing fiber mixtures, e.g. mixtures of polyacrylonitrile / viscose wool, Polyester / wool, polyester / rayon, polyamide / cotton, cellulose-2% acetate / rayon, Cellulose triacetate / rayon, polyacrylonitrile / polyester and especially polyester / cotton, with a mixture of the dyes suitable for substrates to be colored.

In addition to the dyes or optical brighteners the dye liquor may contain other auxiliaries, such as acids, bases, salts, wetting agents, retarders, Leveling agents or dressing agents, such as antistatic agents, softeners or antimicrobial agents.

The process according to the invention is obtained colored material, which is as good or better in its properties than material, which according to the known Methods was colored, the inventive method thanks to the optimal management of economic and / or ecological Respect is cheaper.

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The following examples serve to illustrate the invention without restricting it thereto. In it mean Percentages by weight and the temperatures are given in degrees Celsius.

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example 1

Appara door:

A dyeing apparatus (as described in Swiss Patent No. 538 303) was equipped with a VARIAN 620 L process computer with a real-time clock magnetic tape unit, Teletype and magnetic disk with movable head is connected. It was both the liquor temperature as well as the temperature of the block continuously with a platinum resistance sensor (Rosenmount PY 100), which measures over a linear measuring bridge (414L / 3 / AA / H) with a 4% digit (BCD) digital voltmeter is connected, measured. The transmission spectrum the fleet was continuously monitored with a VARIAN-Techtron 635 D spectrophotometer with an additional wavelength programmer registered. The digital data was transferred to the process computer via the DIM (Digital Input Module) brought there to be used by this by means of suitable software for calculating the control values. the The calculated control values for the temperature were transferred to a solid state relay via the DOM (Digital Output Module), which switches the heating on or off as required. The block was heated with four heating cartridges. His The temperature was always kept below that of the liquor so that it served as a cooling unit. The fleet was with a Phi1ips Thermocoax heater. The transfer function these meshed control loops were calibrated

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and built into the software. The transmission spectra of the individual dyes were determined as a function of their concentration and the temperature measured and stored as calibration data on magnetic tape, in order to then calculate their Concentration during the staining to be retrieved from there (using such concentration determinations was the temperature is optimally regulated). The concentration of dyes that do not obey the Lambert-Beer law, was made using an iteration process specially designed for this purpose certainly. To regulate the temperature, which the dyeing speed in the subsequent time at each Taking into account the point in time, the following equation served as the basis

there

A degree of exhaustion in 7 «,

R gas constant

E * apparent activation energy

T temperature

t time

G frequency factor

e base of the natural logarithm

where E * and G based on measured values from the near past

unity were constantly recalculated by means of a regression calculation and used for the control (self-adapting!).

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Dyeing process:

In 200 ml of an aqueous liquor of 87 ° that
is 0.01 N each of acetic acid and sodium acetate, and 0.03 g
of the yellow dye of the formula

CH

• \

Cl

0.02 g of the red dye of the formula

CH ι

NN L _n

/ ^CH 3

CH,

2 V

Cl

and 0.03 g of the blue dye of the formula

^CH 3 °

N = N

N CH,

V _n

CH CH

ZnCL

contains 5 g of a fabric made of polyacrylonitrile fibers

(R)

(Orion 75), which wraps around the material carrier sleeve.

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The initial liquor circulation rate is 8 rotations per minute, the pump output is kept constant and 2.157 _O per minute is entered as the extraction rate and the temperature is regulated according to the above equation.

As can be seen in Figure 1 below, the draw rate for each of the three dyes is from the 3rd to the 39th minute (reaching the boiling temperature) constant, which is not the case without the use of a process computer.

O
C. • I. ι ι ι • *** ^^ ■ •• ■ «ι> ·« cn ■ η
Γ - * ο
ea rn I · · < O
ο co UJ
to CJ III I.

° 'KiT ⁴ ' (rw) " ^Ι2 ' ^{Ι6 # Μ} ·" ⁴ " ^Μ * ³² '^"^<0#<4 · ^<8>

Fig. I.

• The temperature-time diagram for this dyeing process is shown in Fig. 2.

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TIME CIS.)

Fig. 2

The dyed material is rinsed hot and cold and dried. In this way, a very uniform Bordeaux color is obtained.

In this example it should be noted that the transmission spectrum of the blue used in particular The dye is strongly temperature and concentration dependent and does not follow the Lambert-Beer's law. This special behavior is taken into account by the software used. The function of the extinction coefficient the temperature and concentration were assumed to be linear.

** " ^a ox ^{+ a} u ^{c + a} 2; J

E = extinction coefficient at the wavelength

⁰ XX regression coefficient c concentration T temperature

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The regression coefficients a. are shown in Table 1 for the blue dye.

Function: Epsilon = Al * conc. + A2 * temp. + A0

LAMBDA Al A2 A0 VARIAIiZ AROUND EPS 700 6.640E-01 1) 2.304E-03 -5.t83E-01 3.951E-03 670 3.331E-01 1.136E-02 -5 .788E-01 2.462E-03 640 -1.650E + 00 3 • 7 ¹ * 0E-02 4.517E-01 6.769E-02 6l0 -2.665E + 00 5.200E-02 3.316E + 00 1.924E-01 580 9.899E-01 -1.203E-02 2.325E + 01 6.746E-02 550 2.726E + 00 -ΛΛ93Ε-02 2 .746E + 01 6.253E-02 520 1.335E + 00 -1.755E-02 1.135E + 01 2.187E-02 * »90 6.518E-01 -1.646E-03 2.853E + 00 5.949E-03 460 3.121E-01 3.241E-03 2.800E-01 2.385E-03 430 1.450B-01 3.993E-03 -4.720E-01 2.464E-03 U00 2.592E-01 2.532E-03 -1.003E-01 2.213E-03 370 3.842E-01 3.U02E-03 -2.012E-01 2.458E-03

6.64PE-01 means 6.64θ · 1Ο ~

Example 2

With the aid of the apparatus and method described in Example 1, 6 g of Helanca tricot are made Polyamide 6.6 dyed in 240 ml of an aqueous liquor with a pH value of 5.5, which contains per liter: 0.3 g of the blue dye of the formula

SO ₃ Na

CH ₂ -NHCO

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0.3 g of the yellow dye of the formula

Cl

N = N-

SO ₃ Na

Jl Jl ^CH 3

-Cl

3 ml acetic acid 82% and 37.3 ml sodium hydroxide IN.

The initial temperature is 51 °, the circulation speed the fleet is 2 per minute. As the highest permissible but to be observed from the faster drawing dye The rate of absorption of the dyes was set at 1.70% per minute.

Fig. 3 shows the absorption speed of the two dyes

■ t · · ■ ·

6. 12. 18. ' 24, 30, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72.

KIT (KIS.)

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The two dyes cannot be combined well. In a mixture, the blue dye absorbs faster than that yellow. Note that from the fourth minute to the 43rd minute the blue one, from the 43rd minute to the 60th minute the yellow dye is exhausted at the specified rate of 1.70%, based on the initial amount, per minute. The boiling temperature is reached after 60 minutes.

Fig. 4 shows the temperature profile of this dyeing process:

CJ.

S-

S "

Pi-

"ϊΓ"

ΊϋΓ

24.

"W. Έ.

ec!

η.

2ElT (KIN.)

Fig. 4

After a total of 90 minutes of dyeing time, the material is rinsed hot and cold and dried. You get in this way a very uniform blue-tinged green Coloring.

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ZS-

You dye with the dyes used in this example according to the usual dyeing process, i.e. with linear increase in temperature (1 ° per minute), you get an extension as shown in Fig. 5.

Γ2 ί * 8 Π 30 36 «2 48 5 4 6 0 6 6 1

Fig. 5

Although the time required for the dyes to exhaust is about the same in both cases, one gives linear heating always means a higher pull-out speed, at least for a short time. This lies with this experiment at 3.33% per minute compared to 1.70% per minute in the invention Procedure (fig 3). Too high a pull-out speed causes unevenness and is therefore unsafe.

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Example 3

Instead of the dyes used in Example 2, 0.05 g of the red dye of the formula is used

so ₂ -o- <f Vn = N

SO ₃ Na

and 0.5 g of the blue dye of the formula

CH ₂ NHCOCH = CH ₂

T "SO ₃ Na

and proceed exactly as described there for the rest. The rate of exhaustion of the faster dye is set at 1.66% per minute. The initial temperature is 50 °.

The dyes can be easily combined. The desired extraction speed is maintained from the 4th minute to the 40th minute (reaching the boiling temperature), as the following Fig. 6 shows:

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ei 1

C. 5.

Fig. 6

1

ID. IS.

—Τ; 1 1 1 1 1! Γ "

20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 5ϋ. 55. EO.

TIME (m

The temperature profile for this dyeing process is shown in Fig. 7:

I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1;

0. 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 30. ^. 40 _T 45. 50. 55. TIME (KIHJ

Fig. 7

After rinsing with ice and cold water and drying, an even, reddish-tinged blue color is obtained.

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Add 20 ml to 140 ml of softened water a 0.1 M phthalate buffer solution of pH 5.0. To be 0.175 g of the blue dye from Example 2, yellow'st in 40 ml of water. The temperature of this dye liquor is 46 °. The material carrier sleeve on which 5 g of Helanca tricot made of polyamide 6.6 are wound is now introduced into the pump circuit and the start command flir the regulation of the dyeing process given. The circulation speed the liquor is 8 revolutions per minute, the extraction rate of the dye is 1.75% per minute Minute entered.

As Fig. 8 shows, the extraction speed after five minutes is linear up to a degree of extraction of 80%, ie until the boiling temperature of the liquor is reached.

- tra.

6. 12. 13. 24. TIME (KIN.)

30. 3a. «. 43. 54. 60.

approx. Ic.

Fig.

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Fig. 9 shows the temperature profile for this dyeing process.

I 1

6. 12. 18. TIME (i'IH.)

24, 20, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 65, 72.

The dyeing is rinsed hot and cold after 90 minutes and dried. This is how you get a evenly blue in color.

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Claims (4)

Claims II, method for optimal management of dyeing processes for materials according to extraction methods using single- or multi-component dye systems, characterized in, that a) by measuring the parameters of the dye liquor that describe the process as a function of time and / or concentrations and / or temperature and / or pH value and / or of the liquor throughput the concentrations of the dyes and / or other bath components from a directly connected Process computer are calculated and that from it b) the changes in the concentration of the dyes and / or other bath components as a function of time and / or temperature, and / or pH value and / or liquor throughput can be calculated and that with these values c) process-determining parameters are calculated, the d) be used in a model that shows the functional relationships between the process-determining parameters and describes the quantities to be optimized so that one e) discrete boundary conditions taking into account the boundary conditions set and / or determined by the system itself Guide values for the variable temperature and / or pH value and / or pump power is obtained, and that one f) applies these as set values to the dyeing system, with which a self-adapting direct digital control of the dyeing 60 9-8 41/0625 2531U2 aggregates is achieved, which an optimal exhaustion of the individual dyes in terms of economic and / or technical criteria guaranteed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one or as the process-determining parameters several of the following parameters can be determined: dyeing speed, apparent activation energy, combinability, diffusion rate, frequency factor, apparent Adsorption equilibrium constant. 3. Method according to patent claims 1 and 2, thereby characterized in that dye solutions are used. 4. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that dispersions of Dyes used. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a dye multi-component system is used, which is the Lambert-Beer Obeys the law, but its dyes cannot be ideally combined. 6. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a dye 60 9.8 41/0625 2531U2 Multi-component system is used, which is the Lambert Beer 'see law disobeyed. 7. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a system with only one dye, which is not the Lambert beer in solution 'see law obeyed, is used. 8. Method according to patent claims 1 to 7, characterized in that for the calculation the concentrations of the individual dyes calibration data are used, which are stored in the process computer are. 9. The method according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the calibration data also include non-linear dependencies of the optical density of the concentrations and as calibration functions are stored in the process computer. 10. · Method according to patent claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the calibration data also have non-linear dependencies of the optical density on take into account the pH value and as calibration functions in the process computer are stored. 609841/0625 2531U2 11. The method according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the calibration data also include non-linear dependencies of the optical density of the other bathroom components and are stored as calibration functions in the process computer. 12. The method according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the calibration data also the temperature dependence of the optical density take into account and stored as calibration functions in the process computer are. 13. The method according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the determined process-determining parameters as components of the model algorithm can be used in the form of learning matrices to optimize the coloring. 14. The method according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that relationships based on the diffusion equations are used as a model are based on or approximate them. 15. The method according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that relationships are used as the model, which the diffusion equations by means of Approximate series expansion or exponential function. 609841/0625 253HA2 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that that one uses relationships that also affect the adsorption process of the dyes and / or other bath components consider. 17. The method according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that one as a model the relationship de. Ea. * / 2RT used where c. the difference between the initial concentration and that at the time t concentration of substance i present in the liquor, G. the frequency factor of the substance i, Ea * the apparent activation energy of the substance i, R the gas constant, T mean the absolute temperature. 1 & - method according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the dyeing process is optimally carried out in terms of reproducibility. 19 .. method according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the dyeing process is optimally carried out with regard to the quality of the dyeing. 60984 1/0625 253U42 20. The method according to claim 19s, characterized in that that the dyeing process is optimally carried out with regard to the levelness of the dyeing. 21- The method according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the Dyeing process with a view to minimizing the effort for time, energy and / or consumption of auxiliary chemicals leads optimally. 22 «The method according to claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the dyeing process leads with constant dyeing speed. 23. The method according to claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the dyeing process in such a way that the dye which absorbs the fastest in each case is the one that is critical for maintaining quality Dyeing speed increases. 24. Use of the method according to claims 1 to 23 for dyeing textile materials made of wool, cellulose, synthetic polyesters, polyamides or polyacrylonitrile. 609841/0625 253HA2 25. According to the method of claims 1-bis colored natural or synthetic material. BUK / vb 4th July 1975 609841 / Ü625