DE25241C - Manufacture of wood ash coke - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

The analysis of a blast furnace slag carried out by Hefs at Justus von Liebig's instigation from the Concordia hut near Bendorf am Rhein, communicated in Wedding Percy, Eisenhüttenkunde, Vol. II, p. 597, has led me on the way to work in the blast furnace from a Charge, which contains phosphoric acid, to transfer this into the blast furnace slag and so on to produce a pig iron which is wholly or almost wholly free of phosphorus and at the same time remains free of silicon.

My proposal in 1879 to use a more basic slag in blast furnace operation, as was mostly customary up to then, it was only possible in part to achieve the desired result Goal, but was one of the first steps on the right path.

Just as important, and ultimately decisive, was my realization that in the operation of one Charcoal blast furnace compared to that of a coke blast furnace, both merging the same ore oil, Working with the same quantity of the same lime addition, in the charcoal furnace a furnace free of phosphorus and silicon Pig iron was blown like in a coke oven.

The cause of the different phenomena was not the one prevailing in the coke oven higher temperature compared to the lower in the charcoal furnace, but apparently had to lie in the properties of the different fuel.

From the enclosed tabular compilation of the analyzes by Efolz and Coke ash shows how very different these ashes are composed. In it is According to my experience, to look for the different effects, which when used, undoubtedly obtained from charcoal versus coke.

In order to make the latter equivalent to the former, since the combustible carbon is in is equal to both, I intend to make coke in which the ash constituents are are artificially altered to be equal to those of the composition of the ashes of charcoal close.

For this purpose, first the amount and then the composition of the relevant coke-containing ash can be determined by analysis.

A calculation can then be used to determine whether and how much potash is missing in this ash Soda, lime, magnesia, possibly how much of these substances are replaced by barite can be and how much of the available materials in which the The aforementioned constituents are contained, the fuel materials used for the manufacture of this coke must be added; so that the coke made from this mixture should have such an ash that the latter will do so becomes basic like the ash of the wood from which one is to use Would have made charcoal.

The greatest possible crushing and intimate mixing of the coal to be coked (this alone or mixed with other mineral or vegetable fuels) and the aforementioned Surcharges should be taken very carefully, and this can be e.g. B. done by careful Möllerung or in a mortar machine, a centrifugal mill, by hand, etc.

Analyzes of wood or Charcoal ashes.

(Based on Dr. E. Wolff's "Asehenanalysen".)

a ι b beech a 2 b O, 2I a 3 b a .4 b abies 0.38 ^a 5 b picea a 6 b a 7 b 0.20 From all- 2 = the the
ι to the end oxygen Bases 2IO the end the from 7 Bases Fa _L Jaw, Spruce , Roth- Abies Weifstanne Abies lichen 14 analyzes Mini Analyzes
6 incl. = Ashes of oxygen ras birch Pine fir excelsia Pinus
Λ t » pectinata Laying pine Oak 7X ever mum 12 analyzes that Acids Oak wood silvatica 16.38 Betula ι ς is 15 20 Pinus 8 43 2.31 Pinus 21.22 Quercus 0.43 Maxi calculated means middle Acids 3.8s alba 8.68 Pinus 6.90 5.3 ° 0.80 13.98 pumilia 1, O ₄ " robur 5.65 mum 2.11 49.48 45.79 silvestris 30.60 29.41 58.65 43.36 75.45 1.84 1.46 0.49 12.54 11.59 6.50 6.30 3.99 12.25 4.49 2.31 I3, i5 21.91 Pure ash. . . 0.64 0.64 1.34 10.00 8.60 5.88 6.85 2.6o 0.22 2.58 . 0.57 O, 54 - 3.37 1.07 In it ent 7.53 I4, O3 4.40 12.40 4.59 5.49 3.55 11.95 3.46 21.22 22.00 - I, " 0.17 keep : 18.42 O, 57 2.59 5> ² ° 22.00 2.42 59.85 1.28 I, 8i I,! 6 24.46 0.85 - - Potash 1.26 7.78 11.58 0.85 Ig, n 12.00 1.70 36.18 14.86 IO, 87 10.02 3.34 13.05 0.78 77.93 0.14 12.44 - Baking soda ... 62.14 O, o8 1.65 0.54 1.30 15.5 ° O, 43 0.14 0.09 24.46 O, l6 Ο, οι 14.86 1.14 3.54 - - Limestone ... 4.55 Λ Q
4 °, 47 62.10 7.60 1.41 40.49 77.9 ² 15.50 0.55 46.03 1.66 1.30 - Magnesia. . . O, 75 7, ² 7 10.42 10.10 2,6ο 8.08 0.85 14.03 0.78 8.43 5, ° 7 10.27: 21.58 o, 94 . 26.15 Iron oxide. . . 4.59 0.76 6.50 6.79 1.45 - 10.10 0.04 3.7 ² - 100: 1.66 : 670 Phosphoric acid. O, 5S 5.34 6.24 0.30 1.43 4.12 1, I ₄ 36.18 Oxygen ratio 6.28 Sulfuric acid. 5, ° 9 I, 3O 1.3 = 3.5 ² 1.56 1.43 2.77 3.9o Silica. . 0.19 l6.35 3, ° ² 5, ² ? 5.44 9.5 ' IOO chlorine O, 2i 0.04 0.29 0.02 - from ) I.

For explanation it should be noted that the ashes of analysis 4b from a spruce (Rothtanne), which was 220 years old, and should come from this The unusually high content of silicic acid can probably be explained. The location and soil on which they grew may also have contributed to this to have. The birch 2 b does not deny its origin, mostly on swamp soil

growing where bog ore occurs in the soil, turf ore, with the highest Phosphoric acid content. Compared to the following figures from coke ashes and slag analyzes, give the same to the smelter A lot to think about and good information about previously unexplained phenomena in the smeltery, especially when using oak charcoal.

Analysis of coke ashes from coals

of the mines:

Carolinenglück I.
1862 2
1862 3
1862 middle
the end
1,2,3 16.59 14.07 1.5.14 I5.26 ₇ 100: 88.55 4th
1864 -9. α
<"_ cn chess
ickau lidatioi
stfalen U
UJ Blast furnace slag 14.656 115.4 Thomas 11.15 133.2 Thomas Hoerde.
oxygen 14.346 173 ,! at
Bochum 46.46 47.7 ° 47.31 47.157 44.80 ia Stei
iSochun S ^
^ H 1 - taxi
have to Forest
Between Consc
We η Loui
lesien - 12,061 Converter slag
from 2.00 Converter slag
from 5.9 ² ° 3.cn6 33-91 34.8 ° 34, s ° 54,437 26.00 Maria Anr
at I Heinitz
Saart C: O
P. 33.0 = 50.82 Königi
NS from - 7, = 77 Middelsborough
oxygen 9, ° 3 - Silica not determined 0.45 0.40 0.51 0.454 3.5 ° 47th ° 4 Si, * « 5Ϊ.43 18.24 28.09 38.47 Cöncordiahütte
oxygen 21.65 2 iK 11.10 • - ■ not determined - • - ■ - I i8 27.99 25.27 32.91 20.10 2, H 20.86 27.48 - O _; 2O2 4.37 1.99 track Clay - - - ' 2.38 3. «° 2.67 18.41 25.78 - ■ 3, " So." - • 2 6t: 25.47 6 12 9.84 - 3, '° Limestone ...... 19.00 8.88 - - 0.99 2.59 3, ° 3 2.44 2.687 25.62. 15.81 0.91 - O, 8O9 10.69 1.98 11.25 - - Magnesia ...... the mean surrenders 17.28 12.33 11.57 11.62 - 5.442 4.36 4.4 ° 7.003 Ratio of oxygen - 12.43 1.51 ■ - - 8.80 Iron oxide . 0.43 ■ _: - - - - 3) 59 7.74 , - .— 9.66 - Iron oxide . - 15.51: 20.66 1.15 - 12.923: 22.372 Manganese oxide .... 4.18 20.098: 23.193 100: 100: Phosphoric acid .... 100: 100: a) sulfuric acid. 83.4 b) Calcium Sulfur
Titanic acid - Zwickau and Silesia are
basic, the other three
are angry. Remainder (alkalis?). . . 100: the end 81.4

From these and the above calculations it can be seen how cheap a larger salary respectively. a stronger surcharge of lime earth respectively. of magnesia the absorption capacity of an ash or slag for phosphoric acid

even if the potash and sodium content in the charcoal ashes are taken into account wanted to leave out of consideration. The mean from the 12 wood ashes then offers a very interesting comparison with the converter slag from Hoerde.

Claims (1)

There is no need for further discussion that this is the case it is more advantageous to be as pure as possible, free of ashes or through. careful washing cleaned To use hard coals to represent such coke, so on the one hand only low Quantities of the aggregates are required and on the other hand the coking ability is not is adversely affected and the coke produced remains firm and viable. I do not use clay, because there is usually too much in the It contains bituminous coals and on top of that the basicity of the alumina according to my latest Studies of the silica compared to is low. When mixing the additives to be used, consisting of: a) from alkalis and b) from alkaline earths, either the substances mentioned under a) and b) can both be in the dry state or both in a dissolved state, or one group in a dissolved state, the other in a dry state be. As a rule, water is used as the solvent. However, other solvents are not excluded. The following are preferably used:! .Carbons Potash, 2. carbonate of soda, 3. carbonate of lime, 4. carbonate of lime magnesia, 5. carbonic magnesia, 6. carbonic barite, namely the substances under 3., 4., 5. and 6. predominantly in the raw, ground state. But they can also be burned first, as a result of which the carbonate of the earth is converted into caustic lime, caustic magnesia and caustic soda is brought about, and then be powdered in a suitable manner by grinding or by disintegrating in the air and by sprinkling with water. The substances mentioned under 3., 4., 5. and 6. can only be used after “after burning” can be turned into a paste by extinguishing with plenty of water. In one or that In other of these cases, the mixture of these substances under 3., 4., 5. and 6. with the Fuels are done with the addition of the alkalis under 1. and 2., dry in powder form or dissolved in water. You can also add the substances under 3., 4., 5. and 6. individually or in a mixture to the fuels to be coked in one of the ways described above, and then the two alkalis under 1. and 2., dissolved in water, the incorporate the finished coke, if this should appear expedient, and both alkalis mixed in the appropriate ratio as those found in wood ashes according to the analyzes given.
- The production of coke from this batch takes place in the usual way in coke ovens or in retorts of any shape or in any operating mode. PATENT claim: Production of coke, the ashes of which are artificial, corresponding to the ashes of charcoal, are composed.