DE2507657A1 - CONVERTER SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to converter systems, in particular filling systems, namely sensing transmitter and receiver systems for use in sensing measurements from locations remote from the transmitter.

The conventional arrangement for using a plurality of remote transducers including remote transmitter facilities uses radio frequency transmission and variable frequency signals to interact with a single receiver to display a changing parameter. A conventional form of a transformed one The parameter is that of the temperature measurement. In environments where many ΐ / andler transmitters are in constant use Working within a relatively close proximity is extremely difficult for a receiver unit, between the different to distinguish between different "transducers transmitted signals. Furthermore, the use of a changing Frequency to display changing parameters necessarily lead to the use of a receiver, that is capable of receiving the transmitted frequency range. So it is necessary to reconcile the recipient repeatedly, to ensure that the transmission frequency matches the recorded frequency. In

5098 3 5/0732

In an environment operating a plurality of transmitters, it is often necessary to avoid overlapping to cause each of the transmitters of transmitted signals to transmit over a different frequency range, whereby either a plurality of receivers or a single receiver is necessary to respond to the reception each individual transmission frequency must be matched. Furthermore, the relatively high power consumption leads to conventional Transmitters to require large battery power supplies or shortened battery life, thereby the use of such units in a Kiniaturisiorunc and portability-demanding environment. In an environment, e.g. the medical field, is the use of a portable low-power transmitter from relatively small size, which can be attached to the human body, its temperature changed and to be transferred, very desirable.

It is therefore the main object of the invention to provide a converter system provide that uses a wirelessly connected transmitter and receiver and is not based on radio frequency transmission.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plurality of transducer transmitters that can be connected to a single Collaborate receivers who do not require special tuning for each transmitter and who are able to to distinguish all sent signals from each other.

The aforementioned objects are achieved according to the invention by using an electrostatic or capacitive one Coupling between the transmitter and the receiver and by means of the transmission of information between them an asymmetrical square wave or an aperiodic pulse train, by choosing a relatively low frequency the pulse train within the listening area in.

-33-

509835/0732

sentence to the radio frequency range can be a single Use receivers to read the signals from a dialed transmitter without the need to adjust the frequency by EmpiCänger server.

The advantages of the aforementioned arrangement over a conventional andler-transmitter-receiver system are obvious, especially in the field of medical instrumentation. By using a thermally sensitive ^T .iandler transmitter, which has a relatively low power consumption, a relatively small electronic circuit can be constructed in such a way that it can be attached to a suitable temperature-giving area of a patient by means of a suitable IC adhesive. The receiver can then be used as a small, battery-operated unit that a nurse or assistant can bring next to the bed to monitor the patient transmitter output. In this way, the nurse or assistant can determine the patient's temperature without disturbing them. Furthermore, the 'transducer transmitter can be switched to continuous operation as soon as the patient is admitted to the hospital, so that the nurse or assistant can determine the patient's temperature as desired, without inadmissible waiting time, as is the case with conventional mercury thermometer heating technology is required. The clinical as well as the economic desirability are thus evident.

The aforementioned items and the brief description will be more understandable through the following, more detailed description and drawing. In this demonstrate: '

1 shows a block diagram of a converter-transmitter-receiver system according to the invention j,

50983 B / 0732

Pig. 2A is a circuit diagram of a multivibrator that is temperature-dependent for asymmetry Components used;

Fig. 2 B shows a modification that leads to an aperiodic pulse train, which is an asymmetrical Waveform provides;

Fig. 2C shows a preferred form of multivibrator used in accordance with the invention provide a waveform suitable for direct coupling to the antenna and has the added benefit of low energy consumption;

3 A-E show the waveforms generated according to the circuits 2 A, 2 B and 2 C are generated;

FIGS. 4 A, 4 B show preferred types of receivers which are connected to the transmitter elements according to FIG cooperate;

5 A-E waveforms generated according to receivers according to Figures 4 A and 4 B are generated;

Figure 6 is an analog meter display showing can be used with the receivers of Figure 4;

FIG. 7 shows a digital output display device which can be used with the receiver according to FIG. 4B is; and

Figure 8 shows an alternative form of circuitry required to achieve a positive output in accordance with the use of that shown in Figure 2B Transmitter in connection with the receiving unit shown in Fig. 4A.

-13-509835 / 0732

Referring to Figure 1, there is illustrated the transducer-transceiver system used in accordance with the invention. As can be seen, a plurality of transmitters T-, T ₀ , T-, etc. are each provided with a plurality of converter inputs TD, TD ₀ , etc. For temperature measurement, the transducers can be temperature-sensitive components such as resistors or capacitors located at the height of a human body whose temperature is to be measured. The transducer signals are converted into an electrical reproduction within each of the transmitters converted and fed along the output lines 01, 02 and 03 of the respective output electrode S, which for

the purposes of the description are referred to as antennas TA _n , TA ₀ , TA ₇ . ι dj

etc / A receiving unit R is provided with a receiving electrode, which for the purposes of description will also be referred to as an .Antenne RA, and an output indicator I. If it is desired to determine the output of any of the operating transmitters, the receiving antenna RA in brought the proximity of the desired one of the transmitter antennas TA ₁ , TA ₀ , TA, etc.

In certain environments, particularly for use in a hospital, it is particularly desirable for all transmitters match so that a single measuring instrument can be used to measure the temperature to observe all patients under the supervision of an assistant .. In this situation as well as in In other situations that require similar measurement criteria, it becomes necessary to limit the transmission range in order to avoid interference to be avoided by neighboring transmitter units. It was found that this was due to an electrostatic or capacitive coupling between the transmitter and the receiver at low frequency instead of radio frequency can be reached. The use of the capacitive coupling antennas allows a reliable and wireless Form of transfer with a relatively low

-6-509835 / 0732

Interference pattern by simply moving the receiving antenna in close proximity to the transmitting antenna is being worked on. Furthermore, the use of such a system allows the continuous operation of all transmitters, so that the need to turn it on when a reading is desired is avoided.

Referring to FIG. 2, various transmitter devices to illustrate the operation of the invention.

Referring to Figure 2A, a basic electronic temperature sensing circuit is illustrated. This sensing circuit represents a standard multivibrator, the outputs of which at points A and B are shown in the graphical relationships of Figures 3A and 3B. In this circuit, the time period t-, according to FIGS. 3A and 3B, is determined by and proportional to the product R-iC-, and the time period tp is determined by RpCp. Resistors R ₇ and R _1x bias the reciprocating switches represented by transistors Q ₁ and Q ₂ . The mode of operation of the multivibrator is the usual one and does not need to be explained. By using temperature-sensitive resistors and capacitors, the times t ^ and t ^ can be made temperature-dependent. It can be seen that the temperature dependent frequency of the output of the circuit can be measured by any conventional frequency measurement system. However, a disadvantage of using frequency measurement as the basis of reception lies in the fact that the frequency generated by a multivibrator in free running is dependent on the voltage applied to the whole circuit. Furthermore, for battery-powered operation over the period of a normal hospital stay or in the case of inaccessible or other remote use, a change in the supply voltage due to battery exhaustion must necessarily be exceeded.

-7-509835 / 0732

■ wind to enable satisfactory operation. "If the resistance R- is chosen so that it has a temperature coefficient which _{deviates from the temperature coefficient of R 0} , the ratio of the periods t- and t _{o will be} temperature-dependent, but independent of the supply voltage. In other words Although the frequency of the waveform generated by the multivibrator illustrated in Fig. 2Δ will change as the voltage changes, the ratio of the periods t- and tp does not change in accordance with the supply voltage, but only with Alternatively, it is possible to use capacitors such as C _n and Cp with the same results that have different temperature coefficients. Furthermore, a combination of different coefficients for both resistors and capacitors is possible and offers the greatest sensitivity the resulting display.

The capacitive coupling between transmitter and receiver requires a rise and fall ratio that occurs at the transitions of the multivibrator, which must be relatively large in order to provide adequate coupling across the capacitive gap. The conventional astable multivibrator shown in FIG. 2A leads to a relatively slow rise ratio, as can be seen from FIG. 3A, at the beginning of the t - pulse or, according to FIG. 3B, at the beginning of the t _o pulse. As a result, the ratio of t- to t _{2 is} difficult to determine because of the indeterminate connection between t- and tp, as can be seen very clearly from FIG. 3B. The low rise ratio leads to a change in the measured period.

_ ι

± n Fig. 2B is an "experienced in reducing this change illustrated. In addition to the conventional cross-coupled first and second switching stages Q-,

-Q- 509835/0732

and Qp, which form the multivibrator, a capacitor-diode circuit is coupled to the two points Δ and B to produce the sharply rising pulse illustrated in FIG. 3C. The characteristic illustrated in FIG. 3C represents the output pulse which occurs at point C in the circuit each time the voltage at point A due to the turning on of transistor Q-, via capacitor C ₇ to base Q ₇ as a result of the Effect of the diodes D -, / Dp drops. A similar pulse occurs at point C every time the voltage at point B drops due to the turning on of transistor Qp via capacitor Cr to the base of transistor Q-, due to the action of diodes Ώ -. / Ώ,. The resulting waveform is shown in Figure 3C. As can be seen, the waveform of FIG. 3C consists of a pulse train with alternating long and short periods corresponding to t- and tp », which is characterized by sharply rising peaks, the ratio of the gaps being determined in accordance with the temperature coefficients given by the resistances R-, and R ₀ or by the capacitors C, and Cp can be determined in the same way as described in connection with FIG. 2A. This pulse train can be sent by connecting point C to the antenna for coupling to a receiver and constitutes a suitable aperiodic pulse train.

It can be seen from the foregoing description that the ideal waveform will be a waveform which has an output that only consists of the time ratio between t- and tp and the shortest rise time that is possible for maximum capacitive coupling across the antenna gap. In Figure 2C, one is preferred Circuit illustrated for generating a suitable waveform. The circuit illustrated in Figure 2C consists of double cross-coupled transistor

-9-509835 / 0732

Mating. The cross-coupling of the on-off switching action of the transistors is such that Q ₁ and Q ^ are switched on, while Q ₂ and Q ^ are switched off and vice versa. The use of this circuit leads to a noticeable reduction in the switching time as well as to a reduction in the power consumption of the circuit. The resistors R- and R ₀ or the capacitors CL and C ₀ can again be used to determine the temperature ratios by means of different temperature coefficients. Other possible arrangements are described in further details. In operation, the "resistors R-, and R ^" perform a similar function to the resistors R-, and R- in Fig. 2A, namely that of biasing Reduced value and supplemented by the addition of resistor-capacitor-transistor circuits R ( _{-C 7} Q ₇ and Rg Cr Q ^ _1. In operation, when the transistor Q _{0 is} switched on, the voltage drop at a point B ¹ switches the transistor Q-, from and at the same time the transistor Q-, as a result of the action of the capacitor C- in. The low effective resistance of R _v and Q ₇ leads to a rapid rise in the voltage at the point A ^1. The base current flows through the resistor Rj- maintains the voltage at A ¹ after the effect of capacitor C ₇ decreases. A similar effect occurs at point B ¹ when transistor Q-, is turned on again and transistor Qp is turned off. The effect of capacitor C ₇ , when the transistor Q ^ is turned on, leads to the switching off of the transistor Q-. The resulting high resistance of resistor Rz and transistor Q ₇ allows very little current to flow through transistor Q- ,, and therefore the power consumption of the circuit is very low. As noted above, low power consumption is an important and desirable feature for maintaining battery life, especially with

-10-

509835/0732

Use with continuous transmission at a remote location, such as 3. on a patient's body for the transmission of temperature data. The complementary transistor pairs can be converted by C / MOS inverters replace with a corresponding reduction in energy consumption. In this case, a higher Supply voltage may be required.

As mentioned earlier, this is the ratio of the time periods temperature-dependent between the switching of the transistors and the converter. By choosing the capacitors C-, and Cp Kiit small temperature coefficient en, des Resistance R-. with a negligible temperature coefficient and the resistance R- with a large negative temperature coefficient (such as a thermistor device) the time frame t- ^ can be almost constant and the period tp decrease with the temperature. The ratio of the pulse width of t- to the pulse period So t-, + tp increases with increasing temperature. In an environment such as a clinical thermometer in which only limited change is required the ratio change almost linearly with the temperature change and can be used for the temperature display.

The output waveforms at points A 'and B ^f are shown in Figures 3D and 3E and clearly illustrate the highly desirable characteristics of a transmitting device used in accordance with the present invention.

It is noteworthy that while thermistors are discussed as the large temperature coefficient element for resistance R ^, it is clear that the use of the multivibrator of Figure 3C as a transducer should also be considered for other types of changes. So z. B. used as resistor R ₂

Thermistor

-11- $ 09835/0732

- ii -

also be a strain gauge and so the carrying out of stress measurements in the same way allow d. H. Remote converter transmission and temperature measurement. The use of a stress measuring resistor (strain gauge) would be an obvious one Advantage over conventional exercise monitoring especially of the rotating part of a machine, since the conventional use of electrical Contact brushes support the tendency to introduce noise into the transmitted signal. It should be noted It will become apparent that temperature transducers can be used for purposes other than clinical, such as monitoring temperatures at various remote locations or on rotating parts.

Circuits for reproducing waveforms generated by the multivibrator of FIGS. 2B and 2C are shown in FIGS. 4A and AB. 4A shows first and second functional _{amplifiers A 1} and Ap in a series circuit with the output of the functional amplifier Ap connected to a flip-flop FF-. The functional amplifier A- has a high gain and a non-inverting input which is coupled to the transducer antenna TA. The potentiometer P- provides a threshold value setting via a current-limiting resistor R ^ at the non-inverting input of the functional amplifier A ₁ . A feedback resistor Rg is provided between the output of amplifier A ₁ and the inverting input thereof, and another resistor Rq couples the inverting input of amplifier A- to a reference voltage level. It is clear that changes in the input signal via the capacitive antenna TA are precisely _{tracked on the amplifier A 1} and so that the amplifier output of the amplifier A _{1 is} closely related to the rise and fall ratio of the voltage on the transmitter antenna TA.

-12-R09835 / 0732

Recorded waveforms are shown in Figures 5A and 5B for Figures 4a and 4B, respectively. The waveforms in Fig. 5A correspond to the transmission of a signal by the transmitter circuit shown in Fig. 2B, the waveform of which is illustrated in Fig. 3C. The amplifier Ap in Fig. 43 is coupled as a feedback amplifier having an input resistor R-jq »a feedback resistor R ₁ - ,, a threshold _{resistor R 1} and a threshold setting _{potentiometer P 2} . The waveform of Fig. 5D corresponds to the output E ^! of the amplifier in Fig. 4B, which illustrates the reception of a signal provided by the circuit of Fig. 2C, the waveform of which is shown in Fig. 3D

The amplifier A ₂ in Fig. 4A is a comparator and is used to shape the pulses from the amplifier A-, for their satisfactory function as timing pulses, to trigger the flip-flop circuit FF- to form the square wave pulse train which 5B and 5C, with FIGS. 5B and 5C showing the outputs Q and 71 of the flip-flop FF _{1 of} FIG. 4A. It will be understood that since a ratio circuit is used, it is necessary to know which of the outputs Q or 13 should be used for the measurement. Circuitry for determining the appropriate output to be used is shown in greater detail in FIG. 8 and will be discussed in conjunction with this figure.

The amplifier A ₂ , which is shown in Fig. 4B, is also used ειΐε a comparator and includes a feedback circuit which is connected so that the state of the comparator is only caused to change when the sharp rise or fall in the output of the Amplifier A ₁ occurs. The transducer output wave is thus reproduced at the output of the amplifier A ₂ , as shown in FIG. 5E. So either the

-13-

80983 5/0732

lines according to Fig. 4A or Fig. 4B in conjunction with their suitable transmitters for generating the same Output waveform can be used as shown in Fig. 5B or C or Fig. 5E.

The receiver unit may wish to transmit the data signal either in analog form, namely by means of a measuring device or in digital form namely by means of a digital display on a luminous diode or a liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 5 shows the conversion of the converter waveform according to FIG. 3D, as it is received by the receiving circuit according to FIG. 4b, into a voltage analogous to the converted parameter. The functional amplifier A ^ according to FIG. 6 is provided with an exponential coupling circuit , which consists of the resistors R-, -r and the capacitor C ₅ and couples the output of the amplifier A ^ with its inverting input.

The input of the amplifier A ^ through the resistor R-, j is determined by a switching mechanism S- ,, which provides for the change of the input line between a source of reference potential and earth under the control of the voltage E ₁ . For this purpose, the switching mechanism S, a relay or a solid-state switch Qdgl. be.

Therefore, the output of the amplifier A _v increases exponentially, while the -Vref potential is applied, and decreases exponentially when the ground potential is applied. The resulting output voltage therefore oscillates around an average value which is proportional to the desired ratio t -, / (t-, + t _o ).

^x - -14-

509835/0732

The potentiometer P ₇ in order. Dor, '"iclerstand L / ropes agent prior to the deposition of the Nullvertes to optionally the lower end of the scale gevünsclitenxalls zn estr.tten Dio size of Bezu, spotentials determined as the range of readings. , which is displayed on the Hess: erät.

In operation, the exponential feedback circuit, which consists of R., -, and C ₁ - is provided with a long time constant compared to the periods t, and t, so that the fluctuation in the output of the amplifier uh the mean value is small. The output of the amplifier A- is therefore proportional to the desired ratio ti / Ct-, + t _o ). The use of the deviation setting, which is set on the potentiometer P ^, allows a measuring range, such as the clinical .Temperature, to be reproduced on the milliammeter with such a setting, since almost the entire scale of the Instruments is used. 80 a very accurate analog display of T _e is made possible mperaturveränderung.

The analog measurement can be replaced by a digital measurement at the output of the amplifier A ₇₅ by simply replacing the milliammeter with a digital voltmeter. In this case, it may be necessary to include a filter to eliminate any fluctuation caused by turning the analog switch S- on and off.

Referring to Figure 7, there is illustrated a method of direct digital conversion of the output of a receiver. This conversion is effected using the logic arrangement according to FIG. 7, in that the process is initiated via switch S2. Closing the switch Sp causes the one-shot multivibrator OS ₁ to reset the counters GIi ₁ and and so the flip-flop. FF ₂ for the ^T ; / irk-

-15- 509835/0732

Set gates G- and Gp afterwards. The oscillator OSC generates a timer pulse train via the gates G ^ and G ₉ to the counters CH ₁ and Clip · The timer pulse train has a frequency which is greater than the frequency of the converter ε. If the counter CN ₁ overflows, its output is coupled to reset the input of the flip-flop FFp, whereby the flip-flop FFp goes into the basic position. This stops the counters CN- and Clip from working as a result of the lock now imposed on gates G- and Gp. At this point the counter CNp contains a count which is proportional to the ratio -I ₁ Ht ₁ + t _o ). By wah}. the maximum count position of the counter CIT- ,, the count at which overflow occurs, the counter CfU represents a suitable numerical representation of the required converted measurement. For example, when the body temperature is measured, the range of CN ₁ and CN, - . to change the CNp count between 95.00-110.00, which are Farenlieit degrees. Of course, Celsius degrees can also be used, and other ranges can be displayed in accordance with the converted, desired parameters. Resetting the flip-flop FF2 triggers the transfer of the count from the counter CIT ₂ to a display image separating memory DB ₁ ( display buffer), which activates the display image. The display image separating memory ΏΒ- ^ and the display image DS can be of conventional nature, such as an integrated driver circuit that excites a light-emitting diode display, liquid crystals, display tubes Op, and the like via conventional circuits S ^ and S /. Is activated.

The mono vibrator OS ₂ is also activated every time the output of the receiver drops, and the mono vibrator OG- every time the voltage rises. Each mono vibrator has a negative output pulse with a duration of approximately 3/4 of the period of the transducer wave. Because either or both of these outputs are low as long as the

-16-509835 / 0732

Wandlerv / Glle is continuously received, the output of gate G ₇ remains high. If during the sampling period a receiver is not positioned in such a way that it receives a continuous train of transducer pulses, the gate G ^ may enter a negative transition, • if the timer period of the mono vibrators OS ^ ₁ and OS ^ is exceeded, whereby the mono-vibrator OS _{1 is} caused to trigger a conversion again. This circuit thus ensures that valid readings are continuously made possible.

Regarding the analog circuit illustrated in FIG. 6 It is noteworthy that no circuits are necessary to ensure the validity of the readings are because the absence of a signal causes off-scale readings and intermittent signals cause erratic readings.

Referring to Figure 8, a phase detection circuit is used to obtain a positive output when the transducer system of Figure 2D is used for transmission. Thus, if the inverted output of flip-flop FF-, shown in Figure 4A, is switched to amplifier A, the output will be negative rather than positive. A negative output is determined by a comparator amplifier A ^, which in turn causes the flip-flop FF ^ to change its state and thus the correct receiver output in the amplifier L-? to correct the polarity of the signal. This is achieved by switching the complemented output into gate G ^ and the uncomplemented output into gate Gj-. The reception of the signal with the incorrect polarity by the analog unit shown in Fig. 6 is reversed in the amplifier A ^ and thus selects the gate G ₁ - which allows the non-complemented output of the flip-flop FF-,

-17-

509835/0732

through the gate Gg to the input in the analog display circuit to go to Fig. 6.

The transmitter circuits according to FIG. 2 are particularly suitable for calibration when they are shown as an integrated circuit. Thus, with resistors deposited on it, the transducer can be calibrated to produce a correct reading at two points on its scale. This can be accomplished by allowing the temperature sensitive resistor Rp to be viewed in two parts, a larger part R ₂ ¹ which is pressure sensitive and a smaller part R ₂ ". The output at a chosen point can be made up by trimming the resistor set a 1. Of course, other forms of calibration can be implemented by presetting the resistors R ₁ and R ₂ within the scope of the invention.

The capacitive coupling of the transmitter and receiver antennas can be implemented by any conventional technique. For example, the transmitter and receiver may each comprise a conductive plate or wire, which is located near the outer surface of each unit is. Coupling is thus achieved by placing the corresponding antenna of a receiver in the vicinity of the antenna a transmitter is brought.

For purposes of illustration and as examples, there is no intention of limitation circuit components with the corresponding design parameters are specified below.

Figure 2A -C ₁ : 75 pF R4: 27 k C ₂ : 75 pF Q ₁ : 2N3640 R ₁ : 150 k Q ₂ : 2N3640 R ₂ : 150 k ^V l ^: 1.5V R ₃ : 27 k

- 18 -

509835/0732

Fig. 2B - V 1.5V Figure 2C - ^R i ^: 150 k R ₁ : 150 k R ₂ : 150 k R ₂ : 150 k R ₃ : 39 <Ω R ₃ : 27 k R ₄ : 39 * Ω R ₄ : 27 k R ₅ : 220 k C ₁ : 75 pF ^R 6 ^: 220-k C ₂ : 75 pF C ₁ : 75 pF C ₃ : 75 pF C ₂ : 75 pF C ₄ : 75 pF C ₃ : 25 pF Q ₁ : 2N3640 C ₄ : 25 pF Q ₂ : 2N3640 Q ₁ : 2N3640 D ₁ : TI-51 Q ₂ : 2N3640 Q ₃ : 2N3646 Q ₄ : 2N3646 Fig. 4A - R ₇ : 1 M. Figure 4D - R ₇ : 1 M. R ₈ : 1 M. R ₈ : 1 M. R ₉ : 1 k R ₉ : 1 M. P
1· 50 k ^R 10 ^: 100 k R ₁₁ : 100 k R ₁₂ : 20 k P ₂ : 50 k

Fig. 6 - R ₁₃ : 500 k

R ₁₄ : 100 k

R ₁₅ : 100 k ^P 3 ^: 20th k C ₅ : 1 yUF

-

5 0 9835/0732

The amplifiers can be conventional differential amplifiers. For example, A-, A-, / U740, A _{0 may be} A ₂ / U710 manufactured by Pairchild Instrument Corporation.

It should be emphasized that the converter parameters that transmit can include a variety of physical states, including temperature, Elongation and other determinable quantities for which the invention is found useful.

Claims;

-20-

509835/0732

Claims (16)

- 20 - Patent claims: l. | Converter system for the transmission of sensed measured values and the like with at least one transmitter and at least one receiver, characterized in that the transmitter (T ₁ , T ₉ , T ₅ ) has a device for generating a repetitive signal waveform, an asymmetrical waveform or an aperiodic one Comprises pulse train, wherein the generated signal waveform, asymmetrical waveform or aperiodic pulse train each has a characteristic quantity which changes proportionally to the sensed quantity, and each transmitter has a capacitively coupling output electrode (TA- ,, TAp, TA ·,), and that the receiver (R) comprises a capacitive coupling input electrode (RA) which can be electrostatically coupled to each of the transmitter output electrodes (TA ,, TAp, TA ^), as well as means for converting the repetitive signal waveform, asymmetrical waveform or aperiodic pulse train into a size representation of the transmitted measured value proportional to the respective en characteristic size, asymmetry or aperiodicity. 2. converter system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter (T ,, T ₂ ...) contains an asymmetry pulse generator which comprises a first and a second stage, of which the first, first and second transistors ( Q- ,, Qp) and the second stage contains first and second transistors (Q ₇ , Q4) which are coupled in series current ratio within the stages, further means that the connection point of the first and second transistors (Q ₁ , Q ₂ ) connects the first stage to the respective inputs of the first and second transistors (Q ^, Q ^) of the second stage, as well as means for coupling the junction of the first and second transistors (Q ₇ , Q ^) of the second 509835/0732 Stage with the respective inputs of the first and second transistors (Q, Qp) of the first stage, as well as a first device for determining the time constants of the first stage, a second device for determining the time constants of the second stage, these time constants being of different sizes, and means for biasing the first and second stages such that the first transistor (Q-,) of the first stage and the second transistor (Qa) of the second stage are on while the other transistors are off, and that the second transistor (Q ₂ ) of the first stage and the first transistor (Q ^ ₅ ) of the second stage are switched off, while the other transistors (Q- ,, Q ^) are switched on, the first and the second device establish a transmission ratio that indicates the converted quantity. 3. converter system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver (R) contains a first and a second amplifier (A- ,, A ₂ ), wherein the first amplifier (A ₁ ) is a functional amplifier of high gain on which the electrostatically coupled input electrode (RA) is connected to its one input and a signal is fed back from its output to its other input, the amplifier (A-,) corresponding to the rise and fall ratio of the from the transmitter (T ₁ , T ₂ ·. ·) sent signal follows, and a _{display device coupled to the first amplifier (A 1} ) for displaying a variable proportional to the converted measured value. 4. converter system according to claim 3, characterized in that the display device comprises a further amplifier (A-,) with an exponentially operating feedback circuit (R ₁ -, C ^), the one in comparison to the asymmetrical intervals -22- 509835/0732 of the transmitted signal has a relatively high time constant, v / obei the v / other amplifier (A-) Waves- ο the asymmetrical pulses integrated and the display device indicates the integrated value as an analog of the asymmetry transmitted. 5. converter system according to claim 3, characterized in that the display device comprises a first counter (CN-,) and a second counter (CNp), further a timer pulse source (OSC), a device (G ₁ , G ₂ ) for Insertion of input pulses from the transmitter (T ₁ , T ₂ ...) and timer pulses in the first (CN,) and second counter (CN ₂ ), a device for determining a predetermined count in the first counter (CN ₁ ), a bistable circuit (FF ₂ ) which responds to an overflow condition in the first counter (CN ₁ ) and which switches off the source of the input _{pulses from the first (CN 1} ) and second counter (ClT ₂ ), a switching device ( S ^, Sj, which _{is coupled to the bistable circuit (FF 2} ), and a display device (DB, DS) which _{is coupled to the second counter (CN 2} ), the switching device (S- ,, S ^) on the bistable circuit (FF ₂ ) responds by turning off the first (CN) and the second switch (CN ₂ ) et to make the display device (DB ₁ , DS) effective and to display the content of the second counter (CN ₂ ). 6. converter system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the transmitters (T ₁ , T ₂ ...) comprises a device for generating an aperiodic pulse train, that the aperiodicity of this pulse train is proportional to the size to be converted, that each transmitter ( T ₁ , T ₂ ...) contains a capacitively coupling output electrode that a receiver (R) is provided, which comprises a capacitively coupling input electrode that can be electrostatically coupled to each of the transmitter electrodes, furthermore an input 509835/0732 -23- Direction for converting the aperiodic pulse sequence into a size reproduction of the converted size proportional to the aperiodicity. 7. Converter system according to claim 6, characterized in that the transmitter (T- ,, T2 »T ^) contains an aperiod pulse generator which _{comprises a first switching stage (Q-,) and a second switching stage (Q 2} ), furthermore a device for cross-coupling the first and second switching stages in a free-tilting HuIt! vibrator circuit, as well as a third stage (Q ^), a first coupling device (D _n , Dp) being provided which connects the first switching stage (Q ₁ ) with the third Stage (Q ^) couples in such a way that a sharply rising signal is _{generated at a point (C) in the third stage (Q v} ) when the first switching stage (Q-,) is switched in a first current direction, and one second coupling device (D ^, D ^) which couples the second switching stage (Qp) to the third stage (Qz) in order to provide a sharply rising signal at said point in the third stage when the second switching stage (Q ₂ ) is in the first current direction is switched, and a capacitive coupling output Angle electrode (TA), which is coupled to said point (C) in the third stage (Q,), a first device for controlling the time constants of the first switching stage (Q-,), a second device for controlling the time constant of the second switching stage , wherein the first and the second time constants differ from one another and the first and the second device thereby produce an aperiodic transmission ratio which reflects the converted variable. -24- 509835/0732 8. A converter system according to claim 7, characterized in that the coupling means _{comprise a capacitor (C 1} ) and a first diode (D 1) which is coupled in series between the respective stages, and a second diode which is the connection point of said capacitor (C) and the diode (D ^) are coupled to a reference potential. 9. converter system according to claim 7, characterized in that the receiver (R) comprises a first amplifier (A ^) and a second amplifier (Ap), the first amplifier of a functional amplifier (A-) with high gain and with first and second input is formed, which has a capacitive coupling input electrode, which is connected to the first input, and a signal from the output of this function amplifier is fed back to its second input and the amplifier corresponds to the rise and fall ratio of the transmitter (T ₁ , T ₉ , T ^) follows, and that an indicator for displaying a variable proportional to the converted measured value is coupled to the first amplifier. 10. converter system according to claim 9, characterized characterized in that the second amplifier (A2) is a bistable output circuit (FF ^) includes those for taking the respective bistable states by the sharply rising Signals can be triggered and that the display device has a phase sensing circuit for displaying the correct Polarity signal included in the display device. -25- 509835/0732 11. Wandlersystera according to claim 10, characterized in that the display device comprises a further amplifier (A ^) having an exponential feedback circuit (Ri *, C, -) with a compared to the aperiodic intervals of the transmitted signal has relatively large time constants, the further amplifier (A ^) integrating the square wave pulses and the display device (M ₁ ) displaying the integrated voltage level as an analog value for the transmitted aperiodicity. 12. Wandlersystera according to claim 10, characterized in that the display device has a first counter (CN ·,) and a second counter (CNp), a timer pulse source (OSC), a device (G ₁ , G ₂ ) for fading in pulses from the Sending and timer pulses in the first counter (CN-,) and the second counter (CNp) comprises, furthermore a device for determining a predetermined count amount in the first counter (CN ₁ ), a bistable circuit (FP ₂ ) which reacts to an overflow condition in the first counter (CN-,) responds and the source of the input pulses from the first counter (CN-,) and the second counter (CN ₂ ) separates, as well as a switching device (S ,, S ^) with the bistable circuit (FF ₂ ) is coupled, a display device (DS) which _{is coupled to the counter (CN 2} ), wherein the switching device, which is responsive to the bistable circuit (FFp), the first counter (CN ₁ ) and the second counter ( CN ₂ ) separates from each other and thereby the display prec ichtung (DS) to display the content of the second counter (CN ₂ ). -26- 509835/0732 13. Converter system according to claim 1, in particular for monitoring purposes, characterized by at least one transmitter (T.,) that comprises means for generating a repetitive signal waveform having a characteristic Has magnitude which varies in proportion to a sensed measured variable, each Transmitter (T- ,, T ^, T-,) an electrode device which is adapted to transmit the signal waveform with a predetermined signal intensity, by a receiver (R) which is movable with respect to the transmitters (T- ,, To »Τ · *) and an electrode device (RA), which can be capacitively coupled to the transmitter-electrode device (TA) when they is moved in their vicinity, and thereby the receiver (R) capable of receiving the signal waveform, the receiver having a device for conversion the recorded signal waveform into a representation of the measurand proportional to the characteristic Sizes included. 14. A transducer system according to claim 13, characterized in that it _{comprises a plurality of transmitters (T ^, T 2} , T- *), each of which is responsive to a sensed measured value. 15. A transducer system according to claim 14, characterized in that the majority of the transmitters (T ,, T ^, T ₇ ) are arranged at a distance from one another that they interfere with one another relatively little or do not interfere with one another _o 16. Converter system according to claim 2, characterized in that that the recipient -27- 509835/0732 which is electrostatically coupled to the asymmetry pulse generator, comprises a first and a second amplifier (A- ,, Ap) which are coupled in series, further a capacitive coupling input electrode, the first amplifier (A,) being a function amplifier of high gain, at which the electrostatically coupled input electrode is connected to its one input and a signal is fed back from its output to its other input, the amplifier (A-,) being the rise and fall ratio of the transmitter (T- ,, T ₂ ...) follows, and a _{display device coupled to the second amplifier (A 2} ) for displaying a variable proportional to the converted measured value. tfb / je - B 10 509835/0732