DE2505897A1 - PROCESS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF GUELLS AND SEWAGE SLUDGE - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to .ein a method for biological Processing of slurry and sewage sludge by adding solid carbon carriers.

The invention consists in that a solid carbon carrier, preferably straw or household waste, is added to the manure or sewage sludge. The mixture is intensively mixed and aerated by a rapidly rotating agitator. Due to the turbulence and the aerobic fermentation, the substrate is warmed up. According to the invention, it is essential to maintain a temperature in the range of 25 40 ⁰ C, which, with an appropriate duration of treatment, ensures the destruction of weed seeds and germs, as well as elimination of harmful side effects on plants, animals and the environment.

The object of the invention was to find a method that could produce manure (manure-urine mixture from agricultural livestock) or fresh sewage sludge (from conventional sewage treatment plants) processed in such a way that the product is not a nuisance Odor shows that it can be used as farm manure for all agricultural crops, and that

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it is processed for feeding to farm animals can be. It is particularly important that dangerous ·; Pathogens are destroyed by the process that the macro and micro nutrients are not lost, and that these are available in a biologically favorable form as plant nutrients or as feed.

The novel method of the present invention is detailed as follows described:

dB liquid manure (cite the manure-urine mixture from agricultural groove) or fresh sewage sludge from conventional sewage treatment plants is relatively nitrogen-rich. In order to ensure the replenishment of microbe nutrients, a solid carbon source is added, which shifts the C / ii ratio in favor of carbon. The addition of the carbon sources should take place in such a way that a V / erb of the C / N ratio of at least 5 ^; Ί steered towards v / ird. It has also been found that the optimum C / N ratio is between 5 ^: 1 and about 15 ^: 1, preferably about 10: 1. With this ratio, the ratio of carbon to all other nutrients is expanded and improved at the same time.

The choice of carbon sources or suppliers will be different primarily depend on the nature of the substrate. When used in agriculture for processing liquid manure Mainly and for the first time ground straw, sawdust and ground household waste are used. In the application of the process in sewage treatment plants, the use of fresh, ground household rubbish as a carbon source is recommended.

The desired C / N ratio can easily be achieved by adding about 2-4% by weight of the simple carbon sources, e.g. B. straw or sawdust, based on the volume of the substrate added v / ground. When using household waste, the proportion of preferred

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wines 5 - 1; 0% by weight, v / eil garbage usually already has a certain nitrogen content. ^;

What is essential for the discovery is that carbon swells (Straw, household rubbish, etc.) finely grind the fresh substrate (Liquid manure or sewage sludge). With the right one In the course of the fermentation process, or if the ratio of carbon to nutrients is correct, it fluctuates initially at 6-9 the pH value drops by approx. 7.

According to the invention, the liquid mixture is preferably aerated by a rapidly rotating agitator (Speed over 1,000 rev / back) in a special fermentation tank. ■ The agitator has an intensive, uninterrupted mixing and ensure ventilation of the entire mixture. According to the invention are the speed of the agitator, its immersion depth as well as the diameter of the fermentation tank to match each other so that a vortex is created whose suction effect the Prevents the formation of compact foam on the surface, does not allow a floating cover and an intensive influx of air guaranteed. The oxygen content in the mixture should reach at least 0.4 mg per liter. Are cheaper higher oxygen levels of 3 - A- mg per liter, which is can be achieved by means of the intensive mixing and ventilation described.

Intensive and even ventilation of the entire substrate is guaranteed according to the invention only in the thin liquid area dilute. Experience has shown that the dry matter content should not exceed 10%. Substrates with a higher dry matter content cause too great a mechanical effort for adequate ventilation and. Blending.

The turbulence and the biological activity cause the substrate to be heated. According to the invention, the maintenance of a temperature between

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25 and 40 ⁰ C necessary in various respects. Maintaining the prescribed temperature range is possible by changing the speed of the stirring device, by insulating the container, by adding more carbon carriers, if necessary by briefly interrupting the ventilation (intermittent ventilation).

The test results show that if the prescribed Temperature an end product is achieved that is free of unpleasant odor, as it is with conventionally treated. Sewage sludge or untreated manure is common. This makes a significant contribution to environmental protection. The end product is either completely odorless, has a faint earthy odor or is reminiscent of the odor of brewer's yeast.

Compliance with the prescribed temperature range is guaranteed also, as the test results prove, the "\ fepnichtimg of weed seeds commonly found in sewage sludge or manure occur. This allows the end product to be used as an organic fertilizer for agriculture without having to fear weed infestation.

At the treatment temperature prescribed according to the invention and with a corresponding treatment time, harmful germs ^{1 are} destroyed. The test results have shown that Salmonella, which were artificially added to the starting substrate, were only detectable in small numbers after 48 hours of treatment and no longer detectable after 2 hours of treatment. This in a temperature range of 27 - 39 ⁰ C. This sanitizing essential in comparison · turn manure or sewage sludge as fertilizer or as the basis of feed.

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The addition of a cheap carbon carrier prescribed according to the invention, first of all a waste product such as straw meal or ground household garbage, brings about a biological bond of nitrogen and phosphorus. The in the starting substrate in different l ^? orm of existing nitrogen (mainly as urea, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium ions, etc.), which is lost to a large extent in the usual treatment processes and which is largely responsible for the unpleasant odor, is caused by the controlled, aerobic fermentation of the present Process mainly built into amino acids (proteins of the microorganisms promoted by aerobic fermentation). This fact emerges from Appendix II, table of the amino acid content in liquid fertilizers in various fermentation processes.

If you look at Table I in more detail, it is noticeable that the nitrogen content in the controlled aerobic according to the invention Fermentation has increased significantly even above its original value in the substrate. This surprising, through the Process itself inexplicable increase goes back to the participation of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, which find a suitable nutrient medium and favorable growth conditions under the process conditions and accordingly Convert atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen compounds. Thus, the process leads.

1. For the first time to a complete recirculation of nitrogen and

2. In addition, to an unexpected, economical meaningful nitrogen enrichment.

The biological binding of nitrogen prevents the well-known unpleasant odor when applying liquid manure on agr. Cultural areas. The biologically bound nitrogen also has the further advantage that it is in the soil better 'and the plants over a longer period of time

is available. The same applies to phosphorus, potash and other plant nutrients. This increases the risk of Leaching of these nutrients and the pollution of the Waters with agricultural fertilizer diminished.

The slow acting nitrogen source of the aerobic, according to the Treated liquid fertilizer procedures described guaranteed in particular, balanced plant growth and contributes to maintaining soil fertility.

The resulting from fertilization with the process product, sustainable conservation of soil fertility is going under among other things from series tests, which in an agricultural enterprise under comparable conditions have been carried out: an increase in the plant yield of up to 25% was achieved.

From the broad spectrum shown in Table II, the high content of amino acids, results for the invention Product has another use, namely as animal feed. Have the first attempts at feeding the value of the product as a source of protein in animal nutrition has already been confirmed. In the time when the world market If there is a lack of feed protein, the said possible use comes great importance too.

The duration of the treatment of the substrate (aeration and mixing) depends on the source material and the intended use. The treatment time is invention-3-6 Days. When used as a fertilizer, the lower treatment times are used, when processing a longer treatment time is to be used for feed, to ensure complete sanitation. In the further required starting material with a low

Nitrogen content a shorter treatment period (e.g. cattle manure), - substrate with a high nitrogen content (e.g. Pig manure), requires a longer treatment period.

If you compare the new process with composting, which has been common practice since ancient times, you can see it is inter alia due to the short duration and low workload (for composting approx. 1 year and periodic redeployment of the heap), a complete conversion of the substrate (never achievable with composting), homogeneity and hygienization de «product, and easier management and control of the fermentation process (both practical with composting impossible), be it in terms of composition, oxygen content or temperature of the suspension.

Depending on the outside temperature, the end product is without any Treatment can be lagged for 12-72 hours. In the case of a longer storage period, the actual fermentation tank is in the storage tank is connected downstream to ensure continuous aeration and mixing. According to the invention are suitable for this small, slow-running agitators or other air-entrainment devices. It is essential that no anaerobic Fermentation occurs, as otherwise odor emissions and nutrient losses can be expected.

treated end product can be liquid, thickened, flocculated or used dry. According to the procedure described treated manure is preferably used on the farm itself in liquid form as fertilizer. Processed sewage sludge, which is also suitable as a fertilizer, can be used in the resulting form as a liquid fertilizer, provided that the transport distances do not become too great. For larger ones Transport distances, the end product must be thickened or dried. The dried end product represents a hygienic, organic fertilizer for use in horticultural and agricultural

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economy, the word of which is determined not only by its content of main nutrients, but also by its essential content of trace elements. will. When Yex v / of the treated substrates as jJXitterraittel ending koramt VO 3 - zugsvjeise a flocculated product or a dried
Product in question.

Claims (1)

P at e.ru.t a n-s.p, r: ü ehe .. Process for the biological treatment of manure and sewage sludge in liquid form, characterized in that a finely ground, solid waste product such as straw, sawdust, household waste is used as the carbon source so that a G / N ratio of at least 5 '· 1 is achieved that the liquid mixture is intense and , » _Λ is continuously mixed and aerated in that a fermentation temperature ^1, preferably from 25 ~ 4O ⁰ C, eingehalten'wird that is used for ventilation and mixed breed rapidly rotating agitator, and in that an oxygen content in the liquid of at least 0, 4 * ing / 1 is maintained. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that cheap waste products as carbon sources in the farmer Preferably straw meal or sawdust or freshly ground refuse (garbage) from households be used. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that j that the carbon / nitrogen weight ratio to a value νοϊι 5 ^; 1 to 15 '· 1 », preferably about 10: 1, and is maintained here. ¹ V, method according to claim 1, characterized; that the plant nutrients present in the sewage sludge or in manure '.in inorganic Vovin , especially nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, as well as trace elements through microbes • into organic compounds is determined (egg.v / o i.ße) 5. VerfHhT-OU according to claim 1, characterized in that. Microbone organic nitrogen compounds _; ! XAi iin; oH ^ _ircn); . build up from air, and _{- that;} -: domit the total _. ■ The nitrogen content of the suspension is not only retained, but also becomes rrhölit. · ■ '. : ^. · ■ ■■ · - ·. ; ';: ■: ■■ ;; ■. ■■ ·'. ■ · ■ 6. The method according to claim 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that that a complete sanitization of the substrate is achieved by microbiological means, and that the end product koiiion has an unpleasant odor. 7. The method according to claim 1, 2 and / ι, characterized in that that the change in temperature and the temperature in the liquid Substrate by increasing or decreasing the intensity des' liühiviin are controlled and complied with. 8. The method according to claim 1 »characterized in that for ventilation and wiping a fast rotating? Agitator is ended, the, in a developing; appropriately dimensioned fermentation tanks including the Prevents foaming; and an intensive Belüfbun? ·; guaranteed. 9. The method according to claim I, characterized in that the measurement of the substrate (ventilation and penetration) mixture) .- ', - B days and vorzugsvvoi.-, «lia dosior-th Durchl.nurvcirfahron takes place. ■ 10. Vei'fahreti according to claim 1, dadiiT'ch gekennze ichent, ckili man dm; orlialtene liquid product; tmprepared odei · t-length thick as liquid; e; i concentrate used, or that it is used by i-Voeknuni-; or precipitation in Teste li'orm iil »t. · i. · -? gel iilii't. \: i rd. 11. Use of the according to the method according to one of the claims' 1 - 10 obtained product as fertilizer. 12. Use of the according to the method according to any one of the claims 1 - 10 obtained product as feed. Table II: Amino acids in liquid fertilizer in various fermentation processes ( free amino acids bound in bacterial protein, after hydrolysis) Amino acids ° / o Pig manure 1460.R 1460 1460 1460 1463.R Cattle manure 1463 1463 in dry
substance (TS) 14.2 25.2 17.9 1463 25.7 25.8 bo bo 'ν bO 18.2 M N ω φ g
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Ih U φ
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φ ¹ ^ ih t5 CJ ο
S ¹ ho O : co t, it aero
iruni gest
robe gest
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sow giä
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bO ei 0.89 0.02 0.76 2.64 0.58 C φ
3 ce 0.70 1.96 Aspartic acid 0.44 0.02 0.26 1.28 0.29 0.09 0.26 0.73 Threonine 0.33 0.02 0.24 1.02 0.23 0.02 0.27 0.64 Serine 0.98 0.02 0.87 3.32 0.63 0.02 0.93 2.06 Glutamic acid 0.37 0.02 0.26 0.70 0.20 0.11 0.37 0.50 Proline 0.45 0.02 0.43 1.38 0.31 0.02 0.46 0.84 Glycine 0.56 0.02 0.59 3.24 0.43 0.07 0.54 1.16 Alanine 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.07 0.04 Cystine 0.50 0.02 0.39 1.42 0.29 0.02 0.40 0.82 Valine 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.44 0.14 0.04 0.13 0.15 Methionine 0.46 0.02 0.34 1.24 0.28 0.02 0.33 0.64 Isoleucine '; 0.77 0.02 0.55 1.96 0.41 0.04 0.55 1.10 Leucine 0.45 0.02 0.04 0.9 0.23 0.06 0.12 0.43 Tyrosine 0.50 0.02 0.29 1.32 0.28 0.02 ¹ 0.35 0.96 Phenylalanine 0.50 0.02 0.36 1.56 0.30 0.04 0.30 0.98 Lysine 0.12 0.02 0.09 0.36 0.07 0.03 0.11 0.21 Histidine 0.72 0.02 0.32 0.82 0.19 0.02 0.26 0.79 Arginine 0.03 total 8.08 <0.34 6.05 23.60 4.88 6.12 13.97 Amino acids % <0.72 in TS Table I: pH values and total nitrogen of liquid fertilizers during anaerobic fermentation, with uncontrolled and controlled aerobic fermentation Pig manure 'uncontrolled total controlled £ pH total 1460.11 total 1460.17 total Cattle manure uncontrolled total controlled aerobic fermentation total of carbohydrates) total 1463.25 total aerobic fermentation nitrogen lerobic fermentation nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen aerobic fermentation nitrogen (Encore nitrogen 1463.14 nitrogen nitrogen si ο
ε « 1460.20.8 mg / 1 (Addition of carbohydrates 6.96 mg / 1 PH mg / 1 pH mg / 1 1463.24.8 mg / 1 1463.9.8 mg / 1 mg / 1 pH mg / 1 5210 1460.4 5.8 5210 5210 5210 1920 2090 PH 1570 2090 CD Qj PH 910 6.5 5720 6.96 5800 6.96 4480 pH pH 1580 1790 / * 6.9 1510 770 5640 6.25 5960 6.8 4420 7.49 1430 7.05 1540 * 6.96 5.4 6.4 6.2 4360 8.45 6.9 6.4 7.24 ' 1870 Raw
slurry 8.3 5800 6210 ** 6.8 1050 7.2 2000 8.39 1760 6.4 1870 1. 8.15 640 6.45 4360 7.60 1930 ** 2. 670 6.04 8.35 7.54 3. 4840 ** 8.1 870 5.4 2700 4th 8.2 590 7.3 4840 770 3020 5. 8.2 5.85 7.8 3140 6th 5840 ** 5920 4760 8.45 7.18 1360 7th 8.28 7.83 8.05 8.15 6.4 2630 8th. 6.7 8.63 9. 10. 6.08 11. 2850 ** 12th 13th 2800 14th 7.38 2390 15; 16. 7.92 17th 8.32 23 *) Measurement data relating to the raw liquid manure used in anaerobic fermentation * ♦) Threshold value for the content of bound nitrogen at a maximum of pH 7.5 cn cn oo co C05P 3-00 AT: 02/13/1975 0T: 08/14/1975