DE247011C

DE247011C -

Info

Publication number: DE247011C
Application number: DENDAT247011D
Authority: DE

Description

KAISERLICHES A IMPERIAL A

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Eisen unmittelbar aus Erzen in der Weise, daß zur Reduktion der Eisenerze und gleichzeitigen Einschmelzung des dabei entstehenden Eisens reiner Sauerstoff gleichzeitig mit einem anderen Gase vermischt oder getrennt in die in einen besonderen Kohlenraum eingetragene Steinkohle eingeblasen und der dabei resultierende Gasstrom dem gesonderten Schmelzraum zugeführt wird.The subject of the invention is a process for producing iron directly from ores in such a way that for the reduction of iron ores and simultaneous smelting the resulting iron is pure oxygen at the same time as another gas mixed or separated into the hard coal entered in a special coal room blown in and the resulting gas stream fed to the separate melting chamber will.

Es sind bereits Verfahren bekannt geworden, bei denen Gasströme zur Reduktion der Erze verwendet werden, und wobei Brennstoff einerseits und Erze und Zuschläge andererseits in getrennten Räumen untergebracht sind.There are already methods known in which gas flows to reduce the Ores are used, and with fuel on the one hand and ores and aggregates on the other are housed in separate rooms.

Bei diesen bekannten Verfahren bestand jedoch die Schwierigkeit, die Dicke der Brennmaterialschicht so zu bemessen, daß sich Kohlenoxyd und Kohlenwassersoff einerseits und Kohlensäure andererseits in einem richtigen Verhältnis zueinander befinden und zugleich eine genügend hohe Temperatur erzeugt wird, um eine vollständige Reduktion der Erze zu sichern.In these known methods, however, there was a problem with the thickness of the fuel layer to be measured in such a way that carbon oxide and hydrocarbon on the one hand and carbonic acid on the other hand are in a correct one Relationship to each other and at the same time generates a sufficiently high temperature is to ensure a complete reduction in ores.

Diese Schwierigkeit wird bei der Erfindung dadurch beseitigt, daß nicht Luft, sondern reiner Sauerstoff Verwendung findet, um durch die energische Verbrennung der Kohle bei Abwesenheit von Stickstoff und Kohlensäure eine kräftige Reduktion der Eisenerze zu erzielen.This difficulty is eliminated in the invention in that not air, but Pure oxygen is used by the vigorous burning of the coal in the absence of nitrogen and carbonic acid, a strong reduction in iron ores to achieve.

Zur Vermeidung der bei Anwendung reinen Sauerstoffs leicht auftretenden Übertemperatur, die nicht nur eine Schmelzung der Erze, sondern auch des Ofens selbst herbeiführen würde, wird nach dem neuen Verfahren gleichzeitig mit dem reinen Sauerstoff noch ein anderes, stickstofffreies Gas eingeführt, welches entweder nur durch seine niedrige Temperatur oder auch durch Umsetzung mit dem vorhandenen Brennmaterial die Temperatur, die durch die Verbrennung der Brennmaterialien in reinem Sauerstoff entsteht, so weit herabsetzt, um schädliche Einwirkungen auszu- schließen und nur die Durchführung der gewollten Reaktion zuzulassen.To avoid the overtemperature that can easily occur when using pure oxygen, which would melt not only the ores but also the furnace itself, according to the new process, another, nitrogen-free gas was introduced, either only because of its low temperature or by reacting with the existing fuel, the temperature generated by the combustion of the fuel is produced in pure oxygen, reduced to such an extent as to have harmful effects. close and only allow the desired reaction to take place.

Es sind bereits ähnliche Verfahren, die ein möglichst stickstofffreies Gas erstreben, be- , kannt, doch scheitert ihre Anwendung in der Praxis daran, daß die Erreichung der erfor-' derlichen hohen Temperaturen, wenn überhaupt, so doch nur unter solchen Umständen möglich ist, daß die gesamten Anlagen in kurzer Zeit zerstört werden. Es sind auch bereits Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wassergas vorgeschlagen, die zur Verbrennung des Brennmaterials sehr sauerstoffreiche Luft gleichzeitig mit Wasserdampf einführen wollen. Von einer Anwendung des so gewonnenen Gasgemisches für die Zwecke der Eisenerzeugung ist aber niemals die Rede gewesen.There are similar methods that seek a nitrogen-free as possible gas loading, stripped, but their application fails in practice because the achievement of the require 'sary high temperatures, if at all, yet is only possible under such circumstances, that the entire system will be destroyed in a short time. Processes for the production of water gas have also already been proposed, which want to introduce very oxygen-rich air at the same time as water vapor in order to burn the fuel. However, there was never any question of using the gas mixture obtained in this way for the purposes of iron production.

Der Apparat, in welchem das neue Verfahren ausgeführt wird, ist bekannt; er besteht im wesentlichen aus folgenden Teilen:The apparatus in which the new process is carried out is known; it consists in essential from the following parts:

1. dem Kohlenraum a mit durch Schieber b, b¹ dicht verschließbarem Füllapparat c und Öffnungen zum Eintritt des Gasgemisches sowie zum Austritt der erzeugten Reduktionsgase, 1. the coal chamber a with the filling apparatus c which can be tightly closed by slides b, b ¹ and openings for the inlet of the gas mixture and for the outlet of the reducing gases produced,

2. dem daran stoßenden Erzraum d mit öder ohne Gasfang, .'.·'.,2. the adjoining ore space d with or without gas trap,. '. ·'.,

Claims

3. the hearth e at the lowest point or collecting space for iron and slag with tap openings f,

4. the device for introducing the gas mixture into the coal space, such as. B.

Nozzles g, box h or the like.

The procedure itself is carried out in the following way:

After the charging area has been charged with the iron ores and the aggregate and the coal area with the fuel, the furnace is blown on. Now either separately but at the same time pure oxygen and water vapor or a mixture of these two gases are blown into the coal. The oxygen first produces carbonic acid in contact with the coal, which, however, is gradually transformed into carbon dioxide by further contact with the coal. The water vapor entering at the same time forms the well-known water gas with the coal, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon oxide gas. As already mentioned, the excess temperature generated by the oxygen is reduced by the water vapor and its decomposition, depending on the amount of water vapor entering. The reducing gas stream, consisting of carbon oxide, hydrogen and some distillation products, leaves the coal space at the temperature necessary for melting the reduced ore and passes through the ore space, first melting, then reducing and thereby gradually changing into carbonic acid and "water vapor" at last to escape from the apparatus after possibly complete conversion into carbonic acid and water vapor and transfer of its heat to the ore. The escaping gases can, however, also be caught by a gas trap and blown back into the coal space, whereby the carbonic acid also comes into contact with the coal The ores move in the opposite direction to that of the gas flow, are first preheated, then the reduction begins and, due to the absence of nitrogen and carbonic acid, proceeds extremely quickly, and finally melting takes place , and metal and slag collect in the hearth. Since the ores do not come into contact with coke, as in the blast furnace, there is no carbonization of the iron. For the same reason, sulfur contamination is less to be feared, and with a heavily calcareous charge there is a prospect that the 'phosphoric acid will not be decomposed and only little'. Phosphorus passes into iron. <

The advantages of the procedure are as follows:

1. Direct production of metallic iron, which is in the stove or in the pan receive the necessary additives for the desired quality and strength;

2. Use of coal instead of coke;

3. Great savings in coal due to full utilization of coal and direct generation of the metal without remelting, etc .;

4. low investment costs, as the ore space is no longer needed because of the added coke and can be very limited because of the intensive reduction and the expensive systems for blowers, wind heating and charging as well as for hot metal freshening omitted;

5. Rapid production of metallic iron, so relatively large production.

Ρλτεν τ-claim:

Process for the production of iron directly from the ores that are not using come into contact with the fuel, but from reducing, nitrogen-free Gases are crossed out, characterized in that the solid fuels are burned with pure oxygen and by the simultaneous supply of another nitrogen-free gas, which is either self-reducing and merely has a cooling effect due to its low temperature or turns into a reducing gas when passing through the coal is, the temperature in the gas generator is reduced so far that the reducing gases generated only those for melting and Reduction of the ores required temperature obtained.

For this purpose ί sheet of drawings.