DE2444979C2 - Process for the production of fertilizers and soil improvers from black peat - Google Patents

Description

40

The invention relates to a method for producing fertilizers and soil improvers as well horticultural soil made from dried, crushed black peat mixed with lime.

Black peat, i.e. more strongly decomposed older raised bog peat, contains a large number in concentrated form organic substances that are extremely valuable for soil improvement and for plant growth are. The diverse positive effects of this type of peat on horticultural crops are well known, which is due to the presence of active ingredients, will lead.

Nevertheless, black peat is only used in small quantities for soil improvement and as a substrate because its physical properties compared to the widely used white peat, d. H. younger raised bog, o peat, are much less favorable. The particular physical disadvantage of black peat lies in the fact that its colloidal humus substance is subject to strong shrinkage when it dries out, secondary bonds (5 between the peat particles, which are likely to result in rewetting to oppose strong resistance. The water is not absorbed after drying out only very slowly, it is also much smaller in terms of quantity compared to the non-dried out Material. The original volume is also removed from the dried-out and then re-moistened Black peat not fully achieved. From this it is understandable that the black peat is not like that after extraction can be dried back strongly, as is possible with 45 a) white peat.

A method is already known, according to which black peat sod in the semi-dry state is exposed to frost exposed and then crushed in mills (frozen black peat). It creates a loose product that can quickly absorb relatively large amounts of water. The following disadvantages however, limit the use of this product considerably:

The bulk weights and thus the transport loads are relatively high due to the high water content required (approx. 65%), and they fluctuate between 350 and 500 kg / m ³ depending on the weather conditions.

Sufficiently strong and long-term frost periods are not given every winter, so that the quality t> o this product turns out differently, which in turn b) necessitates long-term storage.

If the product dries when it is used, e.g. B. on the floor surface or as a substrate, then a c) Later water absorption despite the special treatment b5 relatively slow.

There are also already known methods according to which fertilizers and soil improvers from semi-dried or dried black peat with the use of plant nutrients and Lime are produced (DE-PS 7 48716, DE-PS 57 060 and DE-OS 19 09 643).

The known processes for the production of black peat are according to the invention by a Combination of specific measures, namely strong drying and fine grinding of the Scab peat as well as the addition of lime and water ip modified in precisely defined quantities; in this way could the task underlying the invention, namely

1. Light and accurate based on the dry matter adjustable transport weights,

2. extensive independence from weather conditions and

3. Quick rewettability even after complete drying out

to be solved with surprisingly good success.

The invention consists in that the black peat, dried to 10 to 30% by weight water content, is finely comminuted and then ^{mixed with slaked lime in quantities of 5 to 20 kg per m 3 of} black peat and with 50 to kg of water per m ^{3 of} black peat.

This results in the following advantages as well as significantly improved application possibilities:

Low-cost humus supply for distant areas because, in relation to the dry matter, weight and volume are low. So z. B. for the transport of 1 t dry matter the following quantities are moved:
Frozen black peat 2.8 t,

White peat in bales

According to the invention
treated black peat

Volume approx. 7 m ³
2.5 t,
Volume 8.5 m ³

1.4 t,
Volume 3.8 m ³ .

In addition, on the one hand, the formation of calcium humate and, on the other hand, an optimal transport or use option, depending on your requirements achieved.

Humus supply in warm areas, as the humus substance, which is difficult to demolish, remains water-absorbent even after periods of drought.
Can also be used as horticultural soil and to cover the ground, as it can be quickly rewetted even after it has completely dried out. The following figures should make this clear:

Water absorption in ml / 1
air dried material 130 after after
15 minutes 1 hour 695 Black peat untreated 30th 930 Frozen black
peat 240 According to the invention
treated black peat 710

10

d) Extensive independence from the weather, especially from periods of frost, thus constant quality

The inventive use of slaked lime (hydrated lime) and water is quick Allows rewetting after drying out

In contrast to black peat that is frozen through, the process according to the invention uses dry peat Black peat run out. Dry black peat is almost exclusively in the form of burnt peat sod won. This method allows the drying of black peat in a relatively short time, and they allows the dried material to be stored outdoors.

The dried black peat is crushed relatively finely in a suitable mill. This applies to both in Sod form as well as black peat obtained in milled form. The finer the peat is crushed, the more so greater is the amount of water that can be bound in relation to the dry matter.

The crushed material is mixed with a certain amount of slaked lime [Ca (OH) _{2] in a mixer.} The faster the water absorption is to take place later, the higher the amount of lime added must be. There is a limitation due to the intended use, as the pH value increases with the amount of lime. Depending on the intended use, a certain amount of water is added to the mix. The same applies to nutrients, growth substances, etc., which can be added depending on the intended use. The mixing time depends on the mixer type. When using a Lödige mixer, the mixing time is 0.5 to 1 minute. The more intensively the material is moved in the mixer, the shorter the mixing time required.

The following basic options are available (without fertilization variants!):

1. Dried and ground black peat is mixed with lime and a small amount of water (e.g. 50 kg / m ³ ). A largely dust-free product is thus obtained. This product can be worked directly into damp soils or earths without causing dust nuisance. Water absorption and swelling takes place within a few days or hours, provided there is enough water

Example A:

350 kg dried (25% H ₂ O) and ground

Black peat = 1 m ³
+ 15 kg slaked lime
+ 50 kg of water

415 kg mixed product = about 1.2 m ³ with 262.5 kg peat dry matter,

& H. The ³ mixed product weighs 346kg and contains 219 kg peat dry matter.

2. Dried and ground black peat is mixed with lime and a large amount of water (e.g. 200 kg / m ³ ). This gives an earthy, dark-colored product that is immediately highly water-absorbent and can be used as horticultural soil

Example B:

350 kg dried (25% H ₂ O) and ground

Black peat = 1 m ³
+ 15 kg slaked lime
+ 200 kg of water

565 kg mixed product = about 1.5 m ³ with 262.5 kg peat dry matter,

ie 1 m ^{3 of} mixed product weighs 377 kg and contains 175 kg of dry peat matter.

3. The largest volume is achieved analogously to the examples AB with a water addition of approx. 250 kg according to Example C. 1 m ^{3 of} mixed product then weighs about 290 kg and contains about 125 kg of dry peat matter. Further additions of water then reduce the volume. In example C, the maximum amount of water absorbed is approx. 800 kg of water.

Example C:

350 kg dried and ground black peat =! m ³
+ 15 kg slaked lime
+ 250 kg of water

615 kg mixed product = approx. 2.1 m ³ mixed product with 262.5 kg peat dry matter,

ie 1 m ^{3 of} mixed product weighs 290 kg and contains 125 kg of dry peat matter.

In comparison to Examples A-C, the following weighs:

m ³ frozen black peat 350 to 500 kg
contains 140 to 180 kg peat dry matter,

m ^{3 of} white peat in bales approx. 300 kg and contains approx. 120 kg of dry peat matter.

Claims (2)

Patent claims: 1. A process for the production of fertilizers and soil improvers and horticultural earth from dried, crushed and mixed with lime black peat, characterized in that the black peat dried to 10 to 30 percent by weight water content is finely crushed and then with slaked lime in amounts of 5 to 20 kg each m ³ black peat and 50 to 250 kg 10 water per m ³ black peat is mixed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture obtained with plant nutrients and / or with mineral or artificial soil improvers and others Means that serve to promote plant growth is enriched.