DE2437331A1 - EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING FIBER REINFORCED FORMATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

Pfenning ■ Maas · Seiler
Meinig ■ Lemke · ridicule

Patent attorneys office Bariin:

Ί Berlin 19, Oldenburgalloe 10

Berlin, July 31, 1974 Me / Le

BAKER PEkRlNS CHEMICAL MACHINERY LlMlTBD, Cooper Street, Haaley,

Stoke-on-Trent, England

Establishment ium. Manufacture of fiber-reinforced. Molding material

The invention relates to a device for producing fiber-reinforced molding material. These are the production of both plates as well as pastes, in which primarily takes place in the amplification impregnation, resulting end products can then be formed. The operational stages for preparation of the final product are optionally themselves included, such as the production of coated or laminated plates or sheets, measuring and ¹ further conveying of the. Weight or size according to certain pieces and the partial hardening.

The invention is based on the object ui to create a very versatile device lu. Without prejudicing something or the possibility of

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Celts in order of importance are to be filled with the following functions using a basic apparatus either through various applications or by adding or removing various auxiliary apparatus and Adaptation of the system to the desired purpose can be achieved;

The basic equipment should therefore be used for the continuous production of panels; for pastes, both for immediate use and those with an extended shelf life; the product should be able to be divided into continuously formed layers or pieces . B. weighed batches of pastes for molding, or in layers measured by area in plate or laminar form; for the production of layered material (e.g. polyethylene film, wood, fibers or textile) with a laminar top layer made of reinforced plastic; for the production of plastic with textile reinforcement, embedded woven wire or the like; It should be possible to manufacture these products from powdered or liquid synthetic resin as a starting material with cold or warm curing; B-stage material for the production of fully cured end products; Plastic products with directional or criss-cross fiber reinforcement.

While the above list generally indicates what by means of a basic apparatus should be achievable, it should also be possible to obtain other products. What is essential is to create a multipurpose apparatus that, or that with Replacement of auxiliary equipment, can perform various functions of the type specified above. The facility should also include any desired number of Can fulfill functions.

The object outlined above is achieved according to the invention in that at least

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at least one device for distributing reinforcing fibers, at least one Device for impregnating the reinforcing fibers with a liquid, at least one consolidation device with at least one pair of consolidation rollers are provided! wipe the impregnated material to his Solidification can be passed through, and that a FörderroUensystem for the supply from synthetic material to the surface of at least one of the solidifying rollers for the purpose of adding synthetic resin to the impregnated material Is.

In this apparatus, uncured resin material can be alleled or combined can be used with a curing agent.

Vorzugswelse If the apparatus is designed so that according to this sequence of Process steps In the facilities mentioned with the addition of further Apparatus achieved the next desired production stage can be. These additional facilities can be in an auxiliary apparatus consist, through which the material is passed successively for heating will, e.g. B. In an oven to remove excess moisture and / or for curing the solid or liquid synthetic resin system, preferably one Tunnel furnace with hot air heating, radiant heating or dielectric heating. This can be used to achieve a cure up to the B-stage before the Storage or before the final manufacturing stage, such as molding.

Optionally, the device can be designed so that the paste or Casting material desired product from the basic equipment without a liner, e.g. B. after pulling the same from the conveyor belt, for example by means of a blade is lifted and placed in the feed hopper of an extrusion machine

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nc falls into it.

In the latter pall, the extrusion machine can be designed in the form of a uniform cylinder with a wrapping device at the outlet, whereby either two polyethylene films are welded together to form a cylindrical, sausage-skin-like housing or liner, or it can be a single film similar to a cigarette machine be laid around and welded. Alternatively, the cylindrical Extrudiermaschlne with at least one self-curing or a thermosetting synthetic resin material (such as thermosetting or thermoplastic materials or solutions of emulsions in water), which serves as a binder for the reinforcing fibers before coating with the film, which is in the form of a paste , a plate, a composite mass or other composition encloses material present. The composite material can then be wound, extruded, or made available for storage, if desired.

It does not matter whether the product is a flat laminate, a A paste or a mass in a sausage skin-like coating is, can be an auxiliary apparatus in the form of a flat bed or a cross-section concave trough (according to the shape of the product) with a separating device or a mold for separating the material into pieces of predetermined ones Size and / or predetermined weight may be provided. The pieces will then a feed mechanism for loading the mold into a multi-mold press forwarded. The separating device or the form is preferred with a Mechanism of slitting knives for slitting the lining foils Polyethylene is provided, which, if desired, also transversely to the conveying direction

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- S-

cut. This process is carried out immediately before the material reaches a conveyor which is moving at a higher speed than the linear speed of the material supplied, so that the individual pieces or batches are separated from one another by a distance. Fixed plows can be assigned to such a fast conveyor for laterally dividing the material flow so that the material can be delivered separately in two dimensions, ie separately in the direction of movement of the conveyor and across it.

The same basic unit can therefore be used to manufacture lined or uncleared sheet material or compositions of pastes are used both continuously and in batches; also for Storing the material for future use or for feeding the product to a molding machine.

By arranging the rollers for the recovery, the lining foils after their use in compaction or heat treatment be removed; if your reuse appears economical, cleaning facilities, e.g. B. for treating with an uncured Resin solvent, may be provided.

Likewise, parts of the composite that have accumulated on the conveyor can be seen Wash off the material or burn it down by briefly exposing it to a flame.

Preferably, the main parts of the basic equipment are provided twice, one part behind the other in the direction of travel of the first conveyor are set up. This way the manifolds for the reinforcement are that

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The moistening stage and the impregnation and compaction stages are all provided in duplicate, and the solidified material is applied either alternately or simultaneously to a layer of a notch film on the belt in order to be later covered with a second notch film. If the product is a paste, however , it is only transported for extrusion into the "sausage skin" and for lining, or for direct use.

If directional gain is required, the mixer stage is used omitted, and there are uncracked fiber runners directly through the humidification. Impregnation and compression stages sent through, whereby the fuses are brought together in a predetermined manner in that through a comb or by spacing them apart The nozzles located there must be guided through so that they form a uniform mat, if a first laminate now has a specific orientation of the Has reinforcement, a second alternating laminate be placed crosswise by fuses by means of a second apparatus, the one Distribution device, a moistening station, an impregnation device and a solidification device, which can be moved transversely to the direction of flow of the first apparatus door.

With the device described, the following feature is preferred tied together. If shredded fibers are used to form the mat or for the impregnation as a fiber-reinforced paste, below the comminution device or below the comb or the nozzles as the bottom of a mixing chamber a rotary sieve in the form of a substantially highly porous, lattice-like or perforated hollow rotatable roller

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be provided. In this role is a line that is under one extends upper corner of its periphery and tu that the roller forms a movable "wall. Through this duct an air flow by means of a Blower guided, e.g. sucked, which is pulled off one or both ends of the roll. This causes the falling fiber ropes settle on the roll and form a loose mat on it. When rotating the roll reaches the lower area, from where (because it is not more held by the air sucked through the roller) them between the compaction rollers falls. With this ball, the mat can be moistened or impregnated with, such as styrene or emulsions in water or without other reagents, such as retarders or catalysts, be sprayed.

Pumping and metering systems can also be provided, if desired, in order to Synthetic resins or imulslonen in plastic or water for impregnation parts to deliver to the facility. Furthermore, funnels, agitators or shredders, if desired, can be used to form an even distribution of wood fibers and other short fibers or flakes to make an endless one Mat may be provided.

Details can be found in the following description of in the drawing schematically illustrated embodiments. Fig. 1 illustrates a device according to the invention in side elevation. Fig. 2 is a Side view of a facility with the same auxiliary equipment as in Flg. l, But for a different purpose. FIG. 3 shows in a manner similar to FIG. a system for auxiliary use with the device according to FIG. 4 illustrates an auxiliary device for use with the device

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after Pig. 1 for the production of paste material in sausage-like form. Fig. $ is an auxiliary apparatus for a purpose similar to that of FIG. 4.

The work flow through the device (Fig. 1) can, according to an alternative, begin with the supply of reinforcing fibers l in the form of endless slivers, courier fibers or filler material through a small auxiliary apparatus which has an elongated hood 2 from which the slivers 1 parallel in operation fall next to each other on a moistening roller 3, the moistening liquid, ι. B. styrene from a trough 4 receives. From there, the moist rovings 1 are drawn between a roller 5 and a chopping abutment or a cutting roller 6 (a roller with an elastic surface), against which the latter the cutting edges of a chopping roller, not shown, work. The blades of the chopper can be arranged helically or in any other shape so that the chopped material is evenly distributed over the path of the blades. The chopper roller 7 lets the slivers 1 fall through a chamber, of which walls 8 are shown and in which a funnel-like construction of plates or baffles 9 is formed. The chopped material is blown down through the funnel mouth into this chamber, preferably by means of air supplied through grids between the walls δ. The bottom of the chamber is formed by an air-permeable rotary sieve in the form of a rotatable sieve cylinder or compressor 37 made of a wire mesh, highly porous material, finely perforated metal or the like. This cylinder is motorized. The arc of its circumference reaching under the wall 8 (as indicated at 9A) forms a movable wall of a cell delimited by a wall 9B arranged in the manner of a chord. The cell is aspirated through one or more end connections, preferably

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via the bearings of the rotating screen cylinder. The cell can be replaced by a external exhaustor sucked off, or emptied into the atmosphere, that the pressure in the chamber above it is above atmospheric pressure, For example, the air flow blown into the chamber by the turn swirling is maintained, there are also several cells we can take up and to form various reinforcements, such as B. glass fibers, asbestos, carbon fibers, Burlap fabric (hessian) etc., used to make different sizes To give strength.

In either case, the result is that a mat of fibers on the Cylinder 37 is deposited. The lower section of the cylinder is not covered by an upward stream of air traversed it, as in the area of the arch 9A is the case. Therefore, the mat of chopped material falls from the cylinder 37 between two compaction or solidification rollers lo. The reels 10 are covered with liquid synthetic resin, which is promoted by synthetic resin feed rollers II which are provided with doctor blades 12 and which the Kunsthan of conveyor rollers Pick up i3, which are immersed in synthetic resin troughs 14. The "rollers Io let the now impregnated mat fall along a path indicated essentially by a broken line 13 onto a conveyor belt 16, the linear speed is controlled according to the supply of chopped material from the cylinder 37 ago.

If a laminar product is to be produced, the conveyor belt 16 a first liner 18 of thin polyethylene from a supply roll 17 funded. One station later in the conveying direction of the belt 16 is a second lining film 19 made of polyethylene from a. Supply roll 20 on the The top of the mat is placed, which is transported on the belt 16. That so

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The three-layer laminate formed is further compacted and integrated by passing it through between a supported strand of the belt 16 and an overlying pressure-exerting conveyor, which conveyor is shown at 21 and exerts a secondary compression. From this station, the laminate on the belt 16 passes through a continuous tunnel oven 22 according to an embodiment and is cured there until the turn B state. After the heat treatment stage in the oven 22, the film material is wound onto a roll 23 for storage.

Before the. Cure until. B stage or any part of the treatment the laminate or the polyethylene filament can be rolled up by means of a spiked roller perforated to vent the material.

In Fig. 1 the doubling of the chopper, Humidifying, thickening, impregnating, drying and / or curing devices a shown. Also a Y / arm chamber (not shown) can be used to allow the impregnated material to dry, Hardening or partial hardening of the synthetic resin or substance and / or Emulslon system can be passed through. The doubling of the apparatus Is indicated in detail at 24. This either likes the conveyor speed of the material on the belt 16 or serve to maintain the continuity of supply by in the event of a unit failure Any one reason the other can be used. The band 16 has at least one scraper blade.

Another alternative feature is that a fuse 25 in a Humidification unit 26 is performed, which is the main Kunsthariquelie

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blldeti This sliver humidifier fulfills the same puncture as the unit at the top of the plant In the same Pig. "As previously described, the moistened sliver 27 is conveyed between the "rollers 10". In this embodiment, however, there is no chopping; the fuse is moistened, Impregnated and compacted as an endless strand of fiber. Individual fuses can converging so that they are ultimately brought together in parallel as a substantially endless but aligned mat. If the humidification unit 26 is used in the described catfish, so parts 1 through 9 and 37 of the Pig. l removed or decommissioned.

It should also be noted that in the case of a cross-layered end product it is desired, two or more catfish produced in the described manner Laminates can be joined together using their fiber directions Stand at right angles to each other by placing chopped slivers through guide devices To be run in two or more parallel rows. Each row can swing transversely to the general direction of movement, so that a pattern like a right-angled grid is formed from the fuses will. This can then be impregnated as a whole and allowed to cure.

Another specialty is from Flg. l can be seen. This is what is undressed, composite material conveyed from belt 16 and passed through a doctor blade 28 Passed into a funnel 29, which is the inlet of an Extrudiermaschlne forms with an outlet 3o.

In Flg. 2 An essential auxiliary apparatus from FIG. 1 is shown. In this In this case, it can be used to create a chopped-up but non-twisted reinforcement by means of fuses. The fuse is in a fuse supply

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chamber 3o stored and is voa a source 3i of a humidifying agent, like styrene, moistened over a collecting trough 32. The individual damp Lots are made by a comb or an eye 33 tu of a chopping roller 34, which forms a cutting head, from where the chopped material, aligned more or less in the direction of fall, between the solidification rollers 10 falls, the turn control of the mat density as well as in Flg. l supplies will. The folds 10 are covered with liquid Kunsthan that you is supplied via Kunstharziuführwalien 11, 13 *. The "Waken l3 dive In a synthetic resin trough 14. The rollers 10 are provided with doctor blades 39. In this Now, the composite material of synthetic resin and fibers falls directly into a funnel 35, from where it is fed into an extruder machine with a trap Outlet extruder 36 arrives. The product extruded from it can be used as a plastic rod, gutter or pipe can be dried or lined for use as a supply of composite molding material (see Flg. 4).

Flg. Fig. 3 illustrates an auxiliary system for receiving a cast, composite web, which cuts it into narrow strips, layers them, weighs them and divides them into individual batches and delivers the pieces or layers for individual molding. The web 40 in its lined, laminar form is according to Flg. 3 unwound from a roll of material 53. The web is fed parallel to one another over the width of the slitting knives 41, which work above a bed 42. In a further processing stage the Auskieldungsfollen 54 are from. The mat 44 is pulled over pulleys 43 on rollers 55, so that the mat 44 runs downwards over a weighing drum 45 and from there a guide wall 46 against which a reciprocating cutting knife 47 strikes, which cuts the strips into pieces 48

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severed. The pieces 48 are picked up on a conveyor belt operated by a material throughfeed conveyor 56 which runs at a greater linear speed than the continuous product 44 so that the individual pieces are separated from one another. They are then picked up by any conveyor or press feeding device 50 which synchronously feeds each piece to a multi-head press 51. Reinforced panels or other constructions of the material are finally formed on these catfish and dried. Furthermore, a blade-like or plow-like blade 32 can be provided for forming layers in order to fold alternating strips of the laminate onto the upper side of an adjacent strip. The multi-layered laminate (with selective crosswise fiber alignment if desired) can finally be delivered in pieces.

In Flg. 4 If the outlet 60 of the extruder 36 according to Flg. 2 shown. This extrudes a cylindrical casting material 62. From two polyethylene supply rolls 61 come two strips 61A of a polyethylene roll-out. These are guided by semicircular guides, not shown, so that the molding material 62 is enclosed for further compaction. the now adjacent edges of the strips 61A are overlapped or with yours both inner sides by means of a high-frequency welder 57 (e.g. with hot Rollers or guides) are welded together to form a sausage skin-like lining of the composite material. The end product is a ready-to-use composite molding material. Instead of a lining from two strips a single strip can be laid around, Similar to a cigarette making paper around a cylindrical shape of tobacco sets.

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Flg. 5 shows a further auxiliary apparatus in which the lined cylindrical molding material 71 is stored in a drum 70, from where it is placed between Sch Ii Uk Ling en 72 to slit the polyethylene, which the Sever lining; it is then peeled off on driven polyethylene take-up rolls 73, which practically remove the sausage-shaped material 71 pull his drum 70. The molding material 71A now exposed comes to a piece weighing and separating device, as in flg. 3, for feeding to a Press or similar molding machine.

From the above, as with a basic apparatus and a plurality of auxiliary apparatus, by selecting the machining operations, one more emerges greater variety of different products can be manufactured.

With only minor modifications, the machine can be used to line rigid or semi-rigid sheets of other material on one or both sides. Thus, the paneling of plywood, asbestos panels, chipboard, wood fiber panels or the like can be carried out with the same basic equipment; in this case the panels can be sent through the machine more or less in the manner described in connection with the first lining operation. The machine can also be used for the production of multi-layer end products in the form of panels or panels by simply moving around. In such final products, when the fibers are oriented, they can be alternately laid across. Furthermore, two-layer or multi-layer products with two or more base orientations can be produced in the manner described above, 1. B. by passing endless slivers through combs or eye guides, each row swinging out laterally so that a sliver pattern similar to one

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diagonal mesh is formed. If it is after solidification If plate material is concerned, then this can finally be made available for use, if necessary after a previous drying process.

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Claims (10)

- l6 - Claims ty Ilnrlchtung turn production of fiber-reinforced molding material, characterized in that at least one device (2) for distributing reinforcing fibers (1) in the form of endless slivers (27), short fibers or filler material, at least one device C 3, 4; 26) in order to impregnate the reinforcing fibers with a liquid, at least one solidifying device with at least one pair of solidifying rollers (10) are provided, between which the impregnated material can be passed to solidify it, and that a conveyor roller system (11, i3) for the supply of synthetic resin material to the surface at least one of the Verfestigungsrolr len for the purpose of adding synthetic resin to the impregnated material is present. 2. Device according to claim l, characterized in that between the impregnation device (3, 4) and the solidification device (10) a compression device (37) arranged for the reinforcing fibers is. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the compression device (37) has an air-permeable rotary screen, in its interior means for optionally generating a suction effect over part of the screen to form a mat of reinforcing fibers on that part of the screen, the mat dropped onto the solidification device (10) when the screen is rotated will. 509887/0655 4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that between the impregnation (3, 4) and the compression device (37) a mixing chamber (8) is arranged for the reinforcing fibers. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that a belt conveyor (16) for receiving the from the solidifying rollers (10) Coming solidified material is provided, the devices (21) for folding and pressing the material on the belt and associated devices (22; 28) for removing the material from the belt are. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that a device for transporting a tarpaulin of the solidified material (17) for placing at least one plastic release file on the belt conveyor (16) is provided. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that a device (17, 20) for layering the solidified material between a pair of plastic coating sheets (18, 19) on the Belt conveyor (16) is provided. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that an extruder (3o; 36; 60) is provided to which the solidified Material can be supplied by means of a conveyor device (29; 35). 509887/0655 - _1β . 2Α37331 9 · Device according to claim δ, characterized in that at the outlet (60) of the extruder a device (61) for wrapping the Material (62) is provided (Fig. 4). 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that telkom that a light and drying oven (22) for the solidified material is provided. 509887/0655