DE2432866A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INDICATING THE FORMATION OF GAS BY MEANS OF ELECTRODES - Google Patents

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INDICATING THE FORMATION OF GAS BY MEANS OF ELECTRODES

Info

Publication number
DE2432866A1
DE2432866A1 DE2432866A DE2432866A DE2432866A1 DE 2432866 A1 DE2432866 A1 DE 2432866A1 DE 2432866 A DE2432866 A DE 2432866A DE 2432866 A DE2432866 A DE 2432866A DE 2432866 A1 DE2432866 A1 DE 2432866A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
voltage
level
accumulator
gas formation
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE2432866A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE2432866B2 (en
DE2432866C3 (en
Inventor
Bruno Yngve Nilsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boliden AB
Original Assignee
Boliden AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boliden AB filed Critical Boliden AB
Publication of DE2432866A1 publication Critical patent/DE2432866A1/en
Publication of DE2432866B2 publication Critical patent/DE2432866B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2432866C3 publication Critical patent/DE2432866C3/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H02J7/00718—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current in response to charge current gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Description

Boliden Aktiebolag Stockholm/Schweden Boliden Aktiebolag Stockholm / Sweden

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anzeige der Bildung von Gas mittels ElektrodenMethod and device for indicating the formation of gas by means of electrodes

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Anzeige der Bildung von Gas mittels Elektroden, insbesondere zum Anzeigen der beginnenden Gasbildung an den Elektroden beim Laden eines Akkumulators. The invention relates to a method for indicating the formation of gas by means of electrodes, in particular for indicating the beginning Gas formation on the electrodes when charging an accumulator.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der Übergangszone zwischen dem Elektrolyten und der Elektrode infolge von Gasbildung auftretende WiderstandsSchwankungen durch Differentiation der Klemmenspannung hinsichtlich der Zeit ermittelt und ausgewertet werden.The inventive method is characterized in that in the area of the transition zone between the electrolyte and the Electrode resistance fluctuations caused by gas formation can be determined and evaluated by differentiating the terminal voltage with respect to time.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich weiterhin auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Anzeige der Gasbildung beim Aufladen von Akkumulatoren.The invention also relates to a device for performing the method according to the invention for displaying the Gas formation when charging accumulators.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist gekennzeichnet durchThe device according to the invention is characterized by

409885/1028409885/1028

ein erstes Differenziergerät und ein zweites Differenziergerät zur zweifachen Differentiation der Klemmenspannung des Akkumulators, einen Gleichrichter und einen in Reihe damit geschalteten Filter, der von dem zweiten Differenziergerät beaufschlagt wird und an einen Vergleicher eine Gleichspannung abgibt, die ein Maß für die Intensität der Gasbildung im Akkumulator ist, wobei der Vergleicher eingestellt ist, um das Niveau der an ihn gelieferten Gleichspannung zu messen bzw. abzutasten und in Abhängigkeit von diesem gemessenen Gleichspannungsniveau das Ladegerät entweder ganz abzuschalten oder den von dem Ladegerät abgegebenen Ladestrom fortschreitend zu reduzieren, um während des Ladevorganges in den Akkumulator ein niedriges konstantes Gasbildungsniveau aufrechtzuerhalten» a first differentiator and a second differentiator for two-fold differentiation of the terminal voltage of the Accumulator, a rectifier and a filter connected in series with it, which is from the second differentiating device is applied and delivers a DC voltage to a comparator, which is a measure of the intensity of gas formation in the accumulator the comparator is set to measure or measure the level of the DC voltage supplied to it. and, depending on this measured DC voltage level, either switch off the charger completely or to gradually reduce the charging current delivered by the charger in order to be able to use the accumulator during the charging process to maintain a constant low level of gas formation »

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Figur näher beschrieben, die ein Schaltungsdiagramm in Blockform wiedergibt.The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the figure, which is a circuit diagram in block form reproduces.

Eine Batterie B soll mittels eines Ladegerätes 5 in Form eines Konst'antstrom-Generators aufgeladen werden.A battery B should by means of a charger 5 in the form of a Constant current generator are charged.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist an die Batterie B und das Ladegerät 5 angeschlossen, um während des Ladevorganges die Gasbildung zu überwachen bzw. zu messen. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung umfaßt ein erstes Differenziergerät 1, ein zweites Differenziergerät 2, einen Gleichrichter 3, ein Filter 4, die alle in Reihe liegen, und einen Niveauabtastvergleicher 6, der zur Steuerung des Ladegerätes 5 dient.The device according to the invention is connected to the battery B and the charger 5 to during the charging process to monitor or measure the gas formation. The device according to the invention comprises a first differentiating device 1, a second differentiator 2, a rectifier 3, a filter 4, all of which are in series, and a level scanning comparator 6, which is used to control the charger 5.

Beim Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird so gearbeitet, daß die Klemmenspannung des Akkumulators in den in Kaskade geschalteten Differenziergeräten 1 und 2 zweifach differenziert wird. Das erste Differenziergerät leitet die Klemmenspannung in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit ab, und das zweite Differenziergerät leitet hinsichtlich der Zeit die zeitliche Ableitung ab, die von dem ersten Differenziergerät 1 erhaltenThe operation of the device according to the invention is carried out in such a way that that the terminal voltage of the accumulator in the cascaded differentiators 1 and 2 is doubled is differentiated. The first differentiator derives the terminal voltage as a function of time, and the second Differentiating device derives the time derivative with regard to time that is obtained from the first differentiating device 1

40 9885/102840 9885/1028

wird. Die auf diese Weise erhaltene zweite zeitliche Ableitung der Klemmenspannung hat positive und negative Abweichungen bzw. Schwankungen und wird in dem Gleichrichter 3 gleichgerichtet und in dem Filter 4 gefiltert. Die von dem Filter 4 erhaltene Gleichspannung ist ein Maß für die Intensität des Gaserzeugungsprozesses in dem Akkumulator, und dessen Gleichspannungsniveau wird in dem Vergleicher 6 abgetastet bzw. ermittelt. Die in Frage stehende Gleichspannung wird in Abhängigkeit von der Erhöhung der Gaserzeugung in dem Akkumulator während des Ladeprozesses anwachsen,,will. The second time derivative of the terminal voltage obtained in this way has positive and negative deviations or fluctuations and is rectified in the rectifier 3 and filtered in the filter 4. The filter 4 The DC voltage obtained is a measure of the intensity of the gas generation process in the accumulator and its DC voltage level is sampled or determined in the comparator 6. The DC voltage in question is dependent on from the increase in gas generation in the accumulator during the charging process,

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bestehen zumindest zwei Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung des Aufladens des Akkumulators.With the device according to the invention there are at least two possibilities for controlling the charging of the accumulator.

Die eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß, wenn die Gaserzeugungsintensität ein bestimmtes vorgegebenes Maß annimmt, d.h. wenn die beschriebene Gleichspannung einen bestimmten Wert erreicht, der Aufladeprozeß ganz ablaufen wird. In diesem Fall ist ein verhältnismäßig hoher Ladestrom verwendet worden, und der Akkumulator ist voll aufgeladen, wenn dieses Intensitätsmaß bzw. der vorgegebene Gleichspannungswert erreicht worden ist.One possibility is that when the gas generation intensity assumes a certain predetermined level, i.e. when the described direct voltage reaches a certain value, the charging process will complete. In this case, a relatively high charging current has been used, and the accumulator is fully charged when this intensity level or the specified DC voltage value has been reached is.

Der von dem Ladegerät kommende Ladestrom I wird dann direkt auf Null reduziert, und zwar aufgrund der automatischen Steuerung des Ladegerätes durch den Vergleicher 6 in Abhängigkeit von der von dem Filter 4 kommende Spannung, die ein bestimmtes Niveau entsprechend der vollen Akkumulatorladung erreicht hat.The charging current I coming from the charger is then reduced directly to zero due to the automatic control of the charger through the comparator 6 depending on the voltage coming from the filter 4, which is a certain Has reached the level corresponding to the full battery charge.

Eine zweite Möglichkeit besteht darin, daß dann,, wenn der Gaserzeugungsprozeß, verglichen mit der zuerst beschriebenen Möglichkeit, ein bestimmtes niedrigeres Maß erreicht, der Ladestrom fortschreitend mittels des Vergleichers 6 reduziert" wird, der auf ein anderes niedrigeres Niveau eingestellt ist«. In diesem Fall wird der Umfang der Gaserzeugung in dem Akkumulator auf einem niedrigen konstanten Wert gehalten.A second possibility is that, when the gas generation process, compared to the first described possibility, the charging current reaches a certain lower level progressively reduced by means of the comparator 6 " which is set to another lower level «. In this case, the amount of gas generation in the accumulator becomes held at a low constant value.

409885/1028409885/1028

Claims (4)

- 4 Patentansprüche - 4 claims Π J Verfahren zur Anzeige der Bildung von Gas mittels Elektroden, insbesondere zum Anzeigen der beginnenden Gasbildung an den Elektroden beim Laden eines Akkumulators, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der Übergangszone zwischen dem Elektrolyten und der Elektrode infolge von Gasbildung auftretende WiderstandsSchwankungen durch Differentiation der Klemmenspannung hinsichtlich der Zeit ermittelt und ausgewertet werden.Π J method for indicating the formation of gas by means of electrodes, in particular to indicate the beginning of gas formation on the electrodes when charging an accumulator, thereby characterized in that in the area of the transition zone between resistance fluctuations caused by differentiation in the electrolyte and the electrode as a result of gas formation the terminal voltage can be determined and evaluated in terms of time. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Differentiation mittels in Kaskade geschalteten Differenziergeräten durchgeführt wird, daß die differenzierte Klemmenspannung gleichgerichtet und gefiltert wird, und daß die dadurch erhaltene Gleichspannung, die ein Maß für die Intensität des Gasbildungsprozesses ist, zur Steuerung der Höhe des Ladestromes verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the differentiation by means of differentiating devices connected in cascade it is carried out that the differentiated terminal voltage is rectified and filtered, and that the direct voltage thus obtained, which is a measure of the intensity of the gas formation process, is used for control the level of the charging current is used. 3c Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Niveau der Gleichspannung in einem Komparator abgetastet wird, der den Ladestrom in Abhängigkeit von dem festgestellten Gleichspannungsniveau steuert.3c method according to claim 2, characterized in that the The level of the DC voltage is sampled in a comparator, which determines the charging current as a function of the DC voltage level controls. 4. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Anzeige der Gasbildung beim Aufladen von Akkumulatoren, gekennzeichnet durch ein erstes Differenziergerät (1) und ein zweites Differenziergerät (2) zur zweifachen Differentiation der Klemmenspannung des Akkumulators, einen Gleichrichter (3) und einen in Reihe damit geschalteten Filter (4), der von dem zweiten Differenziergerät beaufschlagt wird und an einen Vergleicher eine Gleichspannung abgibt, die ein Maß für die Intensität der Gasbildung im Akkumulator ist, wobei der Vergleicher (6) eingestellt ist, um das Niveau der an ihn gelieferten Gleichspannung zu messen bzw. abzutasten und in Abhängigkeit von4. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 3 for displaying the gas formation during charging of accumulators, characterized by a first differentiating device (1) and a second differentiating device (2) for double differentiation of the terminal voltage of the accumulator, a rectifier (3) and a series-connected filter (4) from the second differentiating device is applied and outputs a DC voltage to a comparator, which is a measure of the intensity of the Gas formation in the accumulator is, the comparator (6) is set to the level of the DC voltage supplied to it to measure or sample and depending on 409885/1028409885/1028 diesem gemessenen Gleichspannungsniveau das Ladegerät (5) entweder ganz abzuschalten oder den von dem Ladegerät abgegebenen Ladestrom fortschreitend zu reduzieren, um während des Ladevorganges in den Akkumulator ein niedriges
konstantes Gasbildungsniveau aufrechtzuerhalten.This measured DC voltage level either switch off the charger (5) completely or gradually reduce the charging current delivered by the charger in order to achieve a low level during the charging process into the accumulator
to maintain a constant level of gas formation. 409885/102409885/102 LeerseiteBlank page
DE2432866A 1973-07-13 1974-07-09 Method and device for indicating the formation of gas by means of electrodes Expired DE2432866C3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7309890A SE373702B (en) 1973-07-13 1973-07-13 KIT FOR INDICATION OF GAS DEVELOPMENT AT ELECTRONS SPEC. BEGINNING THERE IN AN ACCUMULATOR UNDER THEIR CHARGE AND DEVICE FOR EXERCISING THE KIT

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2432866A1 true DE2432866A1 (en) 1975-01-30
DE2432866B2 DE2432866B2 (en) 1977-12-29
DE2432866C3 DE2432866C3 (en) 1978-09-07

Family

ID=20318061

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE2432866A Expired DE2432866C3 (en) 1973-07-13 1974-07-09 Method and device for indicating the formation of gas by means of electrodes

Country Status (9)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5039999A (en)
CA (1) CA1002113A (en)
DE (1) DE2432866C3 (en)
DK (1) DK136046B (en)
FI (1) FI212974A (en)
FR (1) FR2241883B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1420586A (en)
NO (1) NO137570C (en)
SE (1) SE373702B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0181112A2 (en) * 1984-10-29 1986-05-14 Christie Electric Corp. Controller for battery charger
FR2591822A1 (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-06-19 Jullian Michel Method and ultra-fast charging devices for nickel-cadmium accumulators

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU674126A1 (en) * 1977-09-15 1979-07-15 Предприятие П/Я В-2410 Method of charging unsealed storage battery
GB2167617A (en) * 1984-11-27 1986-05-29 Electronic Research Ass Limite Battery charger
JP2007053058A (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-03-01 Toyota Motor Corp Internal pressure estimating device for secondary battery, and charge control device for secondary battery provided with the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2137038B1 (en) * 1971-05-12 1974-03-22 Comp Generale Electricite

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0181112A2 (en) * 1984-10-29 1986-05-14 Christie Electric Corp. Controller for battery charger
EP0181112A3 (en) * 1984-10-29 1987-11-19 Christie Electric Corp. Controller for battery charger
FR2591822A1 (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-06-19 Jullian Michel Method and ultra-fast charging devices for nickel-cadmium accumulators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK377274A (en) 1975-03-10
DK136046B (en) 1977-08-01
FI212974A (en) 1975-01-14
DE2432866B2 (en) 1977-12-29
FR2241883A1 (en) 1975-03-21
JPS5039999A (en) 1975-04-12
NO137570B (en) 1977-12-05
CA1002113A (en) 1976-12-21
DK136046C (en) 1978-01-02
NO742541L (en) 1975-02-10
DE2432866C3 (en) 1978-09-07
NO137570C (en) 1978-03-21
SE373702B (en) 1975-02-10
FR2241883B1 (en) 1978-03-24
GB1420586A (en) 1976-01-07

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