DE2431646A1 - Heat-and wear resistant aluminium alloy - produced by powder metallurgy - Google Patents

Heat-and wear resistant aluminium alloy - produced by powder metallurgy

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Publication number
DE2431646A1
DE2431646A1 DE2431646A DE2431646A DE2431646A1 DE 2431646 A1 DE2431646 A1 DE 2431646A1 DE 2431646 A DE2431646 A DE 2431646A DE 2431646 A DE2431646 A DE 2431646A DE 2431646 A1 DE2431646 A1 DE 2431646A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
heat
alloy
produced
metals
aluminum
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Granted
Application number
DE2431646A
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German (de)
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DE2431646C2 (en
Inventor
Erich Dipl Ing Meyer-Raessler
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Mahle GmbH
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Mahle GmbH
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Application filed by Mahle GmbH filed Critical Mahle GmbH
Priority to DE19742431646 priority Critical patent/DE2431646C2/en
Publication of DE2431646A1 publication Critical patent/DE2431646A1/en
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Publication of DE2431646C2 publication Critical patent/DE2431646C2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/028—Magnesium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0469—Other heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0487—Manganese
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/90—Alloys not otherwise provided for
    • F05C2201/903—Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0813—Carbides
    • F05C2203/0817—Carbides of silicon

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The alloy, which is produced by compacting and sintering a powder mixt. of the constituents, has improved heat and wear resistance, and is suitable for piston in internal combustion engines. The Al alloy has the compn. total 5%, pref. 4% of one or several of the metals Fe, Ni and/or Cr, 0.3-5% Cu, 0.3-3% pref. 2% Mg, 0.5-5% pref. 2% Si carbide, balance Al. It contains in addn. pref. total of up to 3% of one or several of the metals Mn, Ti and/or Si.

Description

Warmfeste Aluminium-Sinterlegierung Die Erfindung betrifft eine warm- und verschleißfeste Aluminium-Sinterlegierung, insbesondere für Kolben von Brennkraftmaschinen. Heat-resistant aluminum sintered alloy The invention relates to a heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum sintered alloy, especially for pistons of internal combustion engines.

Zur Herstellung von Kolben für Brennkraftmaschinen werden gewöhnlich Aluminium- Guß- oder Preßlegierungen mit Siliziumgehalten zwischen 8 und 25 % und geringen Zusätzen von Kupfer, Nickel und Magnesium zur Härte und Festigkeitssteigerung verwendet. Derartige Legierungen weisen eine gute Verschleißfestigkeit auf, die durch den hohen Siliziumgehalt bedingt ist. Nachteilig wirkt sich dieser jedoch insofern aus, als durch ihn der Schmelzbeginn um 0 etwa 80 C herabgesetzt wird, der bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit der oben erwähnten Legierungszusätze sogar bis 0 zu 125 0 unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des reinen Aluminiums liegt. Dadurch wird die Warmfestigkeit erniedrigt und die Warmrißneigung begünstigt, Für Kolben von sehr hoch belasteten Dieselmotoren kann eine Aluminiumlegierung mit hohem Siliziumgehalt deshalb ungeeignet sein.For the production of pistons for internal combustion engines are usually Aluminum, cast or pressed alloys with silicon contents between 8 and 25% and small additions of copper, nickel and magnesium to increase hardness and strength used. Such alloys have good wear resistance, the due to the high silicon content. However, this has a disadvantageous effect insofar as it reduces the start of melting by 0 about 80 C, that with the simultaneous presence of the above-mentioned alloy additives even up to 0 to 125 0 below the melting point of pure aluminum. This will the heat resistance is reduced and the tendency to hot cracking is favored, For pistons from Very heavily loaded diesel engines can use an aluminum alloy with a high silicon content therefore be unsuitable.

Aus diesem Grunde ist schon vorgeschlagen worden, Kolben aus oberflächlich oxidiertem Aluminiumpulver herzustellen.For this reason it has already been suggested that pistons be made superficially to produce oxidized aluminum powder.

Damit konnte eine Anhebung des Schmelzbereiches auf den des reinen Aluminiumwerkstoffes (658 0C) erreicht werden.This enabled an increase in the melting range to that of the pure Aluminum material (658 0C) can be achieved.

Allerdings hatten Kolben aus derartigem, als "SAP" bekannt gewordenen Sinterstoff keine zufriedenstellenden Verschleißfestigkeiten.However, pistons made from such a thing became known as "SAP" Sintered material does not have satisfactory wear resistance.

Aus der DT-AS 1 207 631 sind nun warmfeste Aluminium-Sinterlegierungen bekannt, die zur Verbesserung der Warmfestigkeit neben Aluminium hochschmelzende Metalle enthalten.From DT-AS 1 207 631 there are now heat-resistant aluminum sinter alloys known to improve the heat resistance in addition to high-melting point aluminum Contain metals.

Durch über 12 % hinausgehende Anteile an diesen Metallen ist zwar eine zufriedenstellende Verschleißfestigkeit zu erreichen, die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und die Dehnungsfähigkeit werden jedoch schon durch einen Zusatz über 10 % stark beeinträchtigt. Gerade diese Eigenschaften sind aber für einen Werkstoff für mechanisch und thermisch hochbelastete Bauteile wie Brennkraftmaschinenkolben unabdingbar.Due to the proportion of these metals exceeding 12%, it is true to achieve a satisfactory wear resistance, the thermal conductivity and the extensibility, however, is already increased by adding more than 10% impaired. However, it is precisely these properties that are mechanical for a material and components subject to high thermal loads such as internal combustion engine pistons are indispensable.

Aus der Patentschrift DT-PS 2 253 282 ist auch noch eine Aluminium-Sinterlegierung bestehend aus insgesamt 5 bis 10 % einem oder mehreren der Metalle Eisen, Nickel und/oder Chrom, 0,5 bis 5 %, vorzugsweise 2 %, Siliziumkarbid (SiC) und Rest Aluminium bekanntgeworden. Diese Legierung weist neben einer hohen Warmfestigkeit zugleich eine gute Verschleißfestigkeit, Dehnungsfähigkeit und Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf und ist damit insbesondere für Kolben von Brennkraftmaschinen geeignet.From the patent specification DT-PS 2 253 282 there is also an aluminum sintered alloy consisting of a total of 5 to 10% of one or more of the metals iron, nickel and / or chromium, 0.5 to 5%, preferably 2%, silicon carbide (SiC) and the remainder aluminum known. This alloy has a high heat resistance at the same time good wear resistance, elongation and thermal conductivity on and is therefore particularly suitable for pistons of internal combustion engines.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Warmfestigkeit und die Verschieißfestigkeit noch weiter zu steigern. Diese Auf gabe wird erfindungrgemäß durch eine Aluminium-Sinterlegierung gelöst, die besteht aus: weniger als 5 %, vorzugsweise weniger als 4 %, eines oder mehrerer der Metalle Eisen, Nickel und/oder Chrom 0,3 bis 5 % Kupfer 0,3 bis 3 % vorzugsweise 2 % Magnesium, 0,5 bis 5 %, vorzugsweise 2 % Siliziumkarbid (SiC) und Rest Aluminium.The invention is based on the object, the heat resistance and to increase the wear resistance even further. This task is according to the invention by a Dissolved aluminum sintered alloy, which consists of: less than 5%, preferably less than 4%, of one or more of the metals iron, nickel and / or chromium 0.3 to 5% copper 0.3 to 3%, preferably 2% magnesium, 0.5 to 5%, preferably 2% silicon carbide (SiC) and the remainder aluminum.

Durch den für sich bereits in der älteren nicht vorveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung P 23 38 723.7 vorgeschlagenen Magnesium-Zusatz wird ermöglicht, daß die Härte und die Warmfestigkeit durch eine Wärmebehandlung (Vergüten) weiter gesteigert werden können. Den Wert von 3 % vom Gesamtgewicht der Legierung soll der Anteil an Magnesium nicht überschreiten, da andernfalls der Schmelzbeginn und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit zu stark erniedrigt würden. Innerhalb der angegebenen Grenze bestehen dagegen nur geringe Auswirkungen auf den Schmelzbeginn.By not pre-published for itself in the older Patent application P 23 38 723.7 proposed magnesium addition is made possible that the hardness and the high temperature strength through a heat treatment (quenching and tempering) further can be increased. The value of 3% of the total weight of the alloy should be do not exceed the proportion of magnesium, otherwise the start of melting and the thermal conductivity would be reduced too much. Within the specified limit on the other hand, there are only minor effects on the onset of melting.

Die entscheidende Erkenntnis der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, daß bei einem Zusatz der Metalle Kupfer und Magnesium in den angegebenen Grenzen bereits ein Anteil von weniger als insgesamt 5 % an Eisen, Nickel undZoder Chrom ausreichende Härte- und Festigkeitswerte erreicht werden.The crucial finding of the present invention is that that with an addition of the metals copper and magnesium within the specified limits already a proportion of less than a total of 5% of iron, nickel and Z or chromium sufficient hardness and strength values can be achieved.

Insoweit unterscheidet sich die vorliegende Erfindung grundsätzlich von dem Gegenstand der DT-PS 2 253 282 sowie demjenigen der älteren Zusatzanmeldung P 23 38 723.7, wonach ein Anteil von mindestens über 5 % an Eisen, Nickel und/oder Chrom hinsichtlich einer ausreichenden Härte- und Festigkeitssteigerung für unabdingbar gehalten wurde. Der erfindungsgemäße Kupferanteil erweist sich im Vergleich zu den anderen genannten Metallen hinsichtlich einer Vergütbarkeit der betreffenden Legierung als besonders vorteilhaft.In this respect, the present invention differs fundamentally of the subject matter of DT-PS 2 253 282 and that of the earlier additional application P 23 38 723.7, according to which a proportion of at least over 5% of iron, nickel and / or Chromium is indispensable in terms of a sufficient increase in hardness and strength was held. The copper content according to the invention is found in comparison to the other metals mentioned with regard to a quenching and tempering of the alloy in question as particularly advantageous.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können noch Zusätze bis zu 3 % an Mangan, Titan und/oder Silizium vorgesehen sein. Diese erhöhen die Vergütbarkeit und die Festigkeit weiter.In a further embodiment of the invention, additives up to 3% manganese, titanium and / or silicon can be provided. These increase the remuneration and the strength continues.

Das Aluminiumpulver und das Kupfer-, Eisen-, Nickel- oder Chrompulver und das Magnesiumpulver können getrennt voneinander hergestellt werden und dann mit dem Siliziumkarbidpulver vermischt und gesintert werden. Bessere Festigkeitseigenschaften stellen sich jedoch ein, wenn das eingesetzte Pulver der metallischen Bestandteile durch Versprühen einer Schmelze einer entsprechend zusammengesetzten Vorlegierung hergestellt ist. In einem so hergestellten Werkstoff, welcher zur Gruppe der sogenannten metastabilen Legierungen zählt, ist der Anteil der Schwermetalle im Aluminium infolge der raschen Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeiten weitgehend gelöst und zwar in größerer Menge als dem Zustandsdiagramm entspricht. Das Siliziumkarbidpulver wird vorzugsweise mit dem metastabilen Legierungspulver gemischt. Die so entstandene Pulvermischung wird dann in üblicher Weise preßgesintert, vorzugsweise also heiß verdichtet bzw. warmverformt.The aluminum powder and the copper, iron, nickel or chrome powder and the magnesium powder can be prepared separately and then mixed with the silicon carbide powder and sintered. Better strength properties however, arise when the powder used contains the metallic components by spraying a melt of an appropriately composed master alloy is made. In a material produced in this way, which belongs to the group of so-called What counts for metastable alloys is the proportion of heavy metals in aluminum as a result the rapid solidification rates largely resolved and in greater Amount than corresponds to the state diagram. The silicon carbide powder is preferred mixed with the metastable alloy powder. The resulting powder mixture is then press-sintered in the usual way, preferably hot-compacted or thermoformed.

Um die Kerbwirkung möglichst gering zu halten, ist es zweckmäßig, daß das eingesetzte Siliziumkarbidpulver eine kompakte, kugelförmige Gestalt oder abgerundete Kanten besitzt. Eine gute Benetzung dieser Teilchen durch die übrigen Legierungsbestandteile und damit eine ausgezeichnete Verankerung im Gefüge kann durch vorheriges Verkupfern oder Vernickeln erreicht werden.In order to keep the notch effect as low as possible, it is advisable to that the silicon carbide powder used has a compact, spherical shape or has rounded edges. Good wetting of these particles by the rest Alloy components and thus excellent anchoring in the structure can be achieved by prior copper or nickel plating.

Claims (2)

PatentansprücheClaims 1. Warmfeste Aluminium-Sinterlegierung, insbesondere für Kolben von Brennkraftmaschinen, bestehend aus insgesamt weniger als 5 %, vorzugsweise weniger als 4 %, einer oder mehrerer der Metalle Eisen, Nickel und/oder Chrom, 0,3 bis 5 % Kupfer 0,3 bis 3 %, vorzugsweise 2 % Magnesium, 0,5 bis 5 %, vorzugsweise 2 % Siliziumkarbid (SiC) und Rest Aluminium.1. Heat-resistant sintered aluminum alloy, especially for pistons from Internal combustion engines, consisting of a total of less than 5%, preferably less than 4%, one or more of the metals iron, nickel and / or chromium, 0.3 to 5 % Copper 0.3 to 3%, preferably 2% magnesium, 0.5 to 5%, preferably 2% Silicon carbide (SiC) and the remainder aluminum. 2. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h -net, daß sie zusätzlich noch insgesamt bis zu 3 % eines oder mehrerer der Metalle Mangan, Titan und/oder Silizium enthält.2. Alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -net, that they also have a total of up to 3% of one or more of the metals manganese, Contains titanium and / or silicon.
DE19742431646 1974-07-02 1974-07-02 Heat-resistant sintered aluminum alloy Expired DE2431646C2 (en)

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DE19742431646 DE2431646C2 (en) 1974-07-02 1974-07-02 Heat-resistant sintered aluminum alloy

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DE2431646A1 true DE2431646A1 (en) 1976-01-22
DE2431646C2 DE2431646C2 (en) 1982-07-29

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0079749A2 (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-05-25 MPD Technology Corporation Dispersion strengthened mechanically-alloyed aluminium-based alloy
WO1995004880A1 (en) * 1993-08-11 1995-02-16 Alcan Deutschland Gmbh Piston for internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines
CN103421973A (en) * 2013-07-16 2013-12-04 沈军 Preparation technique of nanostructure aluminum nitride reinforced aluminum matrix composite by powder metallurgy

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NICHTS-ERMITTELT *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0079749A2 (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-05-25 MPD Technology Corporation Dispersion strengthened mechanically-alloyed aluminium-based alloy
EP0079749A3 (en) * 1981-11-12 1984-04-25 MPD Technology Corporation Dispersion strengthened mechanically-alloyed aluminium-based alloy
WO1995004880A1 (en) * 1993-08-11 1995-02-16 Alcan Deutschland Gmbh Piston for internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines
CN103421973A (en) * 2013-07-16 2013-12-04 沈军 Preparation technique of nanostructure aluminum nitride reinforced aluminum matrix composite by powder metallurgy
CN103421973B (en) * 2013-07-16 2016-08-10 沈军 Nanostructured nitridation aluminum reinforced aluminum matrix composites powder metallurgy preparation technique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2431646C2 (en) 1982-07-29

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