DE2417756A1 - Filled prefabricated wall erection without formwork - with insulating cladding materials braced together for filling storey-high with concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose is to erect insulating and cladding wall material components, normally subsequently suspended on a form-sheathed concrete wall, prefabricating them and bracing them in three dimensions, so that they serve both their normal purpose and fulfill the role of formwork, serving as basis for a massive concrete wall and reducing transport difficulties. They are filled with statically effective massive concrete, up to a storey height. The bracing of the empty elements is effected by components comprising two vertically mounted wooden battens, and horizontally fitted wire clamps introduced into cutouts on alternate sides of the battens and with hooked ends driven into them. Styropor hard foam, fibreglass or other suitable heat-insulating material may be applied on the outside of external walls.

Description

F u l l- F e r t i g b au w a n d Purpose of the invention: Purpose of the invention is it, insulating and cladding wall building materials, which are usually applied afterwards a concrete wall that has been switched off can be hung, prefabricated in such a way -and to brace in three directions that they also anticipate their actual task can take over the function of a large-area element formwork, so that the No need to set up and dismantle a core control on the construction site.

Problem: The need to remove labor costs from building sites and to relieve time-consuming handicrafts, inevitably has the advent of Prefabricated and assembly construction methods promoted.

The prefabricated construction could have some disadvantages of the traditional construction methods dismantling - but on the other hand it has again brought about its own typical disadvantages.

During the development of the prefabricated filling method, the knowledge assumed that the main disadvantages of both the light and the severe Prefabricated construction methods have their origin in the fact that this is for a static and building physics Functionality required, high mass weight of the outer and inner load-bearing walls either insufficiently available (lightweight prefabricated house) or too early in the walls is brought (heavy concrete large panel assembly construction).

If the mass weight of the wall elements is too low (as in the case of lightweight prefabricated houses) there was a lack of load-bearing capacity, stiffening, airborne sound insulation, and heat storage capacity and fire protection.

The special problems lay in the correct arrangement of the used Materials (in order to maximize static and building physics functionality reach) and in the secure bracing of the empty wall shells on both sides, which had to keep any concrete pressure on the wall coverings that had been applied in advance.

With the material arrangement shown in the claims and This. pending problems be solved.

Description of the material arrangement and change in relaxation: Fig. 1 of the patent drawings 1 = clamping element according to Fig. 2 (M = 1: 2.5) 2 = plate strips. storey high. preferably 25 cm wide.

preferably made of plywood, hardboard - or some other for the Material suitable for the purpose 3 = insulation material backing on the outside, preferably Se made of styrofoam, fiberglass or rock wool panels, or other, for this purpose suitable materials 4 = wall cladding, preferably made of an expanded metal made of ribs, or another suitable reinforcement material reinforced lime-cement plaster shell, or other materials suitable for this purpose.

Fig. 2 of the patent drawings 1 = clamping element from vertically arranged Wooden slats and wire tensioning hooks, which are arranged horizontally from slat to slat are (M = 1: 100) 1.1 = alternate cuts in the wooden slats of the tensioning elements which make it possible that the alternately driven clamping hooks (1,2) always stand in the middle of the slat through the tensioning element (M = i: 1) 1,2 = tensioning hooks made of twisted material on both sides, rigid wire rods in the required dimensions. (M = 1: i) advantages the wall arrangement shown with the innovation: a) Statics The arrangement enables a monolithic concrete core filling using a concrete pump or hose bucket, so that Mainly unreinforced concrete can be used. The core concrete strength can be changed by varying the length of the tensioning wire, as can the quality of the core concrete.

Reinforcing bars can be used vertically and horizontally where necessary prefabricated to be woven into the cavity of the prefabricated filling wall. But it is also possible that reinforcement cages in the desired places after Assembly of the empty wall elements from above into the From this sub-functionality This results in the inevitable limitation of the prefabricated house lightweight construction methods to mostly free-standing low-rise buildings.

On the other hand, large-area wall elements are already prefabricated With a high mass weight away from the building site, this makes it more difficult Transport and assembly manipulation extraordinary and thus inevitably reduced (at least in certain height ranges) the economic viability of their application.

The transport reinforcement required for this, the heavy transport etc. the heavy days can be economically only when creating high Justify buildings, since the transport reinforcement is based on the already necessary Concrete reinforcement can be counted and here also higher i.e. heavier ones Cranes have to be equipped.

From this it can be seen why the lightweight prefabricated construction methods only with very low buildings can be used -and those- heavy prefabricated constructions only can be economical for tall buildings. In the middle height range, however -for example in the 2-5-storey buildings, especially in the urban high-density building area, where mostly an adjustment to an individual planning is required neither the light nor the heavy prefabricated construction methods are used.

In addition to conventional solid construction methods, there are still options for this the concrete cladding types. But even these do not offer a prefabricated solution, as they just like the conventional construction methods only control the shell construction - and there too a. However, the problem does not relate to the change in the shell construction, but rather on a prefabricated recording of completion work (installation deposits and wall cladding) -which can also be achieved with no type of concrete cladding is.

The solution to the problem: The solution to the problem was recognized in the fact that the Core concrete of the load-bearing walls (i.e. the statically effective shell wall part) completely from the Prefabrication process excluded - and contrary to all previous usage - first to be added to the wall last at the construction site.

While with the conventional and also with the prefabricated construction methods the erection of the load-bearing walls always with the production of the statically effective, inner one Part of the wall begins and ends with the wall cladding (plaster), the FILLER PRE-FABRICATED WALL be erected in reverse order.

The inventive idea is to use the materials that are commonly used can be retrofitted to a structural load-bearing wall, preferably empty wall prefabricated elements to form, so that they can also be used as formwork for a later, storey-high core concrete fill can be used.

Gaps are sunk, or that the empty wall elements at installation using upright reinforcement or anchor bars connected to the floor be put on.

b) Thermal protection: The arrangement shown with the innovation enables the concentration of the thermal insulation material on the outside of the wall, which is decisive for contributes to optimal physical functionality. With the changeability of the Analogous to this, the strength of the concrete core can also be changed in terms of the strength of the thermal material given, so that the always strived for full thermal protection of the outer walls depending on Climatic conditions can still be varied. The back support of the thermal insulation material by means of Plywood strips or similar

has the purpose that, in contrast to shell concrete construction, more flexible, can use lighter insulation materials with a higher insulation capacity Thermal insulation for load-bearing middle walls in prefabricated filling construction from both sides arranged layers of air are taken over, so that no thermal insulation material must be arranged, which helps to reduce the volume of the wall.

c) Heat storage Due to the thermal insulation that is completely relocated to the outside the heating (room heating) diffusing from the inside to the outside becomes effective on Prevented leakage so that it stays in the storable heavy concrete wall core. If a heat loss is caused in the room due to a heating failure, the diffuses The heat stored in the heavy core wall mass is returned to the room, thus preventing it a sudden cooling of inhabited rooms. This ideal combination is analogous to this of external full thermal insulation and internal, storable heavy concrete in summer it helps that the wall still remains in Schwerkern even with strong outside heat can stay cool for a long time and has a balancing effect on the room temperature.

d) Moisture protection: The prefabricated wall arrangement enables optimal moisture protection. Through the ideal combination of full thermal protection with outside concentration and functional heat storage can be in the heated Inside the wall, even in extreme cold outside, there is no condensation of the diffusing Room humidity.

The dew point is inevitably close to the rear ventilation zone, in that can safely extract any moisture arriving from the inside to the outside air.

This ventilation that is inevitably given with the prefabricated filling wall the outer wallcovering allows that as weather protection outside also completely dense materials (asbestos-cement boards, sheet metal, plastics, etc.) except for the preferred attached outer plaster shell can be attached.

e) Sound protection: The airborne sound protection of the arrangement shown The prefabricated infill walls created is optimal and is well within the d3 plus range.

The high level of soundproofing is largely made possible by that first a high wall core mass weight influences the airborne sound reflection g @@ stig, secondly, the wallcovering layers through air layers from the heavy load-bearing core and the supporting core formwork are separated, whereby the resonance franchise in the audible range is changed in a soundproofing manner. In addition, the soft, porous mass of the Thermal insulation material lying in the outer walls also have a sound-absorbing effect, which is in in the same way, layers of air between the wall core and wall covering are also inherent.

Structure-borne noise generated by the wall coverings (knocking, hammering etc.) with this wall arrangement only a small amount of the conductive wall core given and carried on.

f) Fire protection: The monolithic layer of heavy concrete in the walls (preferably 15 cm thick in B 160) alone takes over the fire protection and lies behind DIN in fire protection class F 90 connections and cladding with non-fire-resistant Materials no longer change the fire resistance of such walls.

g) Crack protection: The separation of Wall core and cladding also enable optimal crack protection. The wall layers can move separately according to their specific expansion, which is an essential A prerequisite for crack protection is.

In addition, the monolithic concrete core of the outer walls is through the upstream thermal insulation material effectively protected from sudden changes in temperature from the outside, so that the thermally induced movements of the concrete core only occur slowly can. Even if the statically effective concrete core settles, the separate one prevents it Suspension of the wall coverings, the transmission of settlement cracks to a large extent.

Formwork and expansion advantages resulting from the innovation The shown wall arrangement and bracing result in: h) Purpose of the air layers: weave the already mentioned building physics and functional advantages of both sides These air layers arranged between the core and the cladding also serve to Bringing in the rising installation leads -and as an alternative space for any formwork bulges occurring in the core concrete filling.

These air cushions preserve the flat (prefabricated) wall coverings (preferably plaster shells) in front of filling pressure bulges.

i) The bracing: The tensioning elements attached with Fig. 2 of the innovation take over the essential part of the void wall tension, which is the case with the core concrete must absorb the pressure that occurs.

Preferably at a side distance and a height distance of 25 cm from the wall penetrating clamps are alternately centered in the wood of the clamping element slats clamped with their end hooks, so that the formwork pressure acting on the clamping battens is transferred to the tensile forces of the clamping hooks.

The slats of the tensioning elements standing on both sides of the wall come along the following tasks: 1.) They act as an air layer, which (according to h) purpose of the Layers of air) is inevitable with this arrangement, 2.) they form an ideal Possibility for the efficient anchoring of the clamping hooks, the ones lying on the inside Panel strips - and the plaster base to be attached outside (ribbed expanded metal plaster reinforcement) which is easily attached to it by means of compressed air stapling, nailing or screwing 3.) The tensioning element slats prevent the formation of cold bridges the clamping hooks (these end in the middle of the wood on both sides) and also dampen the impact the insulation material backing in the outer walls.

The wall plaster reinforcement attached to the tensioning element battens on both sides of the wall (horizontally laid ribbed expanded metal) does not have to be used as a formwork. That takes over however, the counter-tension when the inner formwork bulges change the lath spacing want.

Only the interaction of all in the prefabrication of the prefabricated wall elements included materials and their formation of air layers enables a quick, storey-high Concrete filling on the construction site - without risk of deformation.

j) The economy: Since technical innovations only one Real progress means if they are the profitability of the matter in hand should improve, with regard to the prefabricated filling method, also through its economic efficiency something to be said.

The economic efficiency of the prefabricated filling wall is supported on the following conditions: 1. In the case of wall element prefabrication, the labor cost-intensive Installations and wall coverings primarily included, 2. the transport weight of the empty wall elements is only 1/7 th of the final wall weight, 3. the Assembly is simple - and can be done with normal crane equipment.

Claims (1)

Claims # Prefabricated filling wall according to Fig. 1, characterized in that insulating and clad wall building materials are so arranged and braced together that they as prefabricated large-area wall elements storey high with statically effective Heavy concrete can be filled - and thereby the separate production of a No need for formwork on the construction site, 2. prefabricated filling wall according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the empty element tension mainly from tensioning elements according to Fig. 2 is effected, which consists of two vertically arranged @olzlatten and preferably 11 horizontally arranged wire clips can be formed, 3 Claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the vertical wooden slats of the clamping elements have alternating angles up to the middle of the width of the slat, in which the clamps inserted and with the hook-shaped ends in the opposite one Laths are driven, 4. Prefabricated filling wall according to claim 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that p the insides of the clamping element slats, on both sides of the center arranged clamping hooks penetrating the wall, thin, storey-high, preferably 25 cm wide board strips, preferably plywood or hardboard strips, be pinned on that they form an interior space and each on both sides connect the tensioning element slats together, 5. prefabricated filling wall after one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on the outer sides a suitable insulation material for external walls, preferably made of styrofoam rigid foam, Fiberglass or other suitable materials is deposited during this can be omitted in the case of internal structural walls, 6. prefabricated filling wall according to one or more of claims 1-5, characterized in that on the outer sides of the clamping element slats a rib expanded metal plaster reinforcement and plaster base mat in the horizontal direction is posted, which causes transverse bracing of the wall elements on the outside, 7. Prefabricated filling wall according to one or more of the claims 1 -6, characterized in that that alternatively the wall plaster cladding according to claim 6 and other wall claddings can be applied with or without counter battens