DE2417134A1 - DEVICE FOR PROCESSING ACTIVE COAL - Google Patents

Description

TAKEDA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD., 27, Doshomachi
2-chome, Higashi-ku, Osaka , Japan.

Device for processing activated charcoal

The invention is concerned with a device for the preparation of activated carbon from carbonaceous material, in particular a shaft furnace, the reaction chamber 'is divided into several series-connected ^A ufbereitungs departments or zones.

A multi-stage reaction vessel working with a flowable medium for processing or preparing activated charcoal is known per se. Generally points
such a multistage reactor has several upright activation columns or stages, each with
two adjacent parts of these stages are in communication with one another via an overflow pipe, and the first and last part of these stages are each connected to a supply and discharge line. Each overflow tube opens into an upper section of the step at one end and a lower section at the other end
of the interior of the subsequent stage, so that carbonaceous material obtained in the first-mentioned stage

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has been activated, via the overflow pipe into the following Stage flows or flows. In this way, the one to be activated, entered in the first stage, runs or the material to be reprocessed through all successive activation stages until it is issued as activated carbon from the lower section of the last activation stage.

The well-known multi-stage fluidized reactor. The ones mentioned Art works satisfactorily in itself, but is relatively complex in its technical nature Structure and can therefore not easily be adapted to changed production needs. Furthermore, the Arrangement of the upright activation columns usually made so that they are in a circle around a Heating nozzle are arranged around, from which they are heated to higher temperatures; therefore, it is practically impossible to eliminate activation stages from the reaction system or to increase their number, in order to enable the production of activated carbon of various quality levels in this way.

Accordingly, it is a major concern of the invention to provide a processing device for production of activated charcoal, which is easier to obtain Allows activated carbon to be adapted to different requirements. A reaction chamber is divided into several Activating sections connected in series, so that in this way the disadvantages with known reaction systems are affected, are switched off.

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The invention is also intended to provide a processing reactor of the type mentioned, in which immediately below the reaction chamber, a combustion chamber is formed and divided into heating compartments, the number of those which corresponds to activation compartments; this allows carbonaceous material in the activation compartments treated and processed individually. It is also a feature of the invention that each partition in the Activating device has an opening by virtue of which one activating compartment communicates with the next, wherein the opening is arranged in the partition wall in the vicinity of the bottom of the activation compartment.

Furthermore, the processing device according to the invention should be able to be modified in a simple manner if the production of activated carbon with different degrees of quality is desired. Finally, the processing reactor according to the invention should assembled at relatively low cost and without significant impairment of functionality and can be changed.

For this purpose, the invention proposes a processing device in which a reaction chamber is formed which is divided into several, for example three, processing compartments by partitions. The first compartment and the second or middle compartment and the second and third or last compartment are each through each other Openings in the partitions between the first and the middle compartment or between the middle and the last compartment connected.

Furthermore, the processing compartments can be varied in their volumes, whereby the time spent in each Compartment can be kept essentially constant.

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The processing device according to the invention also has immediately below the reaction chamber, a heating chamber or combustion chamber, with a perforated Gas distributor is arranged between the reaction chamber and combustion chamber. The heating chamber is further by similar Dividing walls divided into heating compartments, the number of which corresponds to that of the preparation abexle in the reaction chamber corresponds, with a heating compartment located immediately below a processing compartment.

The heating compartments are insulated from one another and steam nozzles and burners are provided for each heating compartment, so that heating is possible under individually controllable operating conditions.

The opening in each partition in the reaction chamber with the exception of those between the first and last preparation compartments have the shape of a tunnel of circular m cross-section, the tunnel in the direction of the subsequent processing compartment is inclined downwards.

The stated features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment after emerge more clearly, reference being made to the accompanying drawings. Show in detail;

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the processing device for activated carbon, the is equipped with the features of the invention;

Fig. 2 shows a cross section along the line II-II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a partition in the reaction chamber of the Reactor of Figure 1; and

Fig. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of a Trehn wall with modified passage.

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The device according to the invention shown in the figures comprises a shaft furnace 10 in which a chamber is formed and through a perforated gas flow distributor 13 is divided into a reaction chamber 11 and a combustion chamber 12. How best to From Fig. 2 recognizes, the reaction chamber 11 is again in a first, a middle and a last compartment 11a, lib and lic divided by partitions 14a, 14b and 14c, which can each consist of one piece. So that a conversion of the device in the sense of a Increase or decrease in the number of processing compartments within the reaction chamber 11 is easily made can be, each of these partitions 14a, 14b and 14c can consist of several refractory blocks, during the Shaft furnace 10 has an access opening or door, not shown, through which one or more people the reaction chamber 11 can enter.

These partition walls 14a, 14b and 14c rest with their lower side on the gas flow distributor 13, while their upper side essentially end at the top of the reaction chamber 11 and in the illustrated embodiment are arranged in a substantially Y-shape (Fig.2).

The partition walls 14b and 14c between the first and the intermediate compartment 11a and lib and between the intermediate and the last compartment lib and lic have passages 15a and 15b at the lowermost portion of each partition wall near the manifold 13. As can best be seen from FIG recognizes, each of these passages 15a and 15b in the partition walls 14a and 14b preferably has the shape of a Tunnels of essentially circular cross-section, but can also form a tunnel with a different cross-section.

A screw conveyor 16, which can also be

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port belt o, like conveyors can be replaced, leads through the outer wall of the shaft furnace 10 into the first compartment 11a, so that it is filled with carbonaceous material can be charged, which is to be processed and fed from a funnel 17 in a constant amount can. The carbonaceous substance introduced from the funnel 17 by the screw conveyor 16 into the first activating compartment 11a Material passes through passage 15a into the middle compartment lib and then through passage 15b into the last compartment lic, while it is fluidized and increasingly activated or processed, which is further down is received. The carbonaceous material found in the last compartment lic, flows through an overflow line 18 in the wall of the shaft furnace 10 as activated carbon into a collecting container, not shown, into which the overflow line 18 opens at one end, while the other end of the overflow line 18 is in the last compartment lic opens. Note that the inlet to the shaft furnace 10 is at the mouth of the screw conveyor 16 is above the outlet opening opening into the drain line 18.

The individual activation compartments 11a, 11b and lic are with the environment via an exhaust air line 19 in connection, which extends over the top of the shaft furnace 10 to the outside and allowing gases to flow out of the compartments during the treatment process.

The combustion chamber 12 immediately below the reaction chamber 11 is also divided into heating compartments 12a, 12b and 12c, two of which are shown in FIG. The combustion or heating chamber is divided by such a number of partitions 20a, 20b and 20c that corresponds to the number of partition walls in the reaction chamber 11, so that a heating compartment for each reaction compartment is available. In the cross-sectional view in Fig. 1 • in

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only one of the partitions 20a ... 20c is shown. the Heating compartments 12a, 12b and 12c stand individually with burners 21a, 21b and 21c above flame openings 10a, 10b and 10c in connection, which are formed in the shaft furnace 10. Each of the burners 21a, 21b and 21c may be carbonaceous Heat material in the associated activation part to a required temperature, essentially through flames ejecting from the burners into the respective heating chamber belonging to the burner beat.

The heating compartments 12a, 12b and 12c are also provided with steam nozzles 22a, 22b and 22c via individual steam lines 23a, 23b and 23c in connection, which open into the associated heating compartment 12a, 12b and 12c. These steam nozzles 22a, 22b and 22c are in turn connected to a common steam source via steam lines 24a, 24b and 24c and with a common air source (fan) via air lines 25a, 25b and 25c in connection also connected to the exhaust pipe 19 by an associated duct system 26a, 26b and 26c to a part of the gas located in the exhaust duct 19 to the steam nozzles 22a, 22b and 22c due to the pressure difference to feed, so that the heat energy carried along by the exhaust gases to heat the steam generated by them can be exploited.

Note that the flame nozzle 10b, the burner 21b, you nozzle 22b and the lines 23b, 24b and 25b in the Drawings cannot be recognized.

As can best be seen from Fig. 2, the compartments 11a, lib and lic have different volumes, which are in the Decrease sequence from the first compartment 11a to the last compartment lic, so that the dwell times of the fluidized Masses of carbonaceous material in these compartments

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lla, llb and lic kept essentially the same as one another can be. Expressed differently; because with increasing processing the apparent density and particle size of the carbonaceous material decrease, the fluidization of the masses of carbonaceous material decreases in the middle and last compartments 11b and lic to, relative to the respective preceding stage, if the volumes these compartments 11a, lib and lic kept the same became. If the volumes of the compartments lla, lib and lic would not be individually selected appropriately in terms of decreasing apparent density and particle size that result in the fluidized mass of carbonaceous material in each subsequent stage, i. in the middle compartment and in the last compartment 11b and lic would not be properly and insufficiently processed.

It can actually happen that part of the carbonaceous material that gets into the treatment compartment Material enters the subsequent compartment without being sufficiently fluidized in the preceding compartment to be. To avoid this, the passages 15a, 15b in the partitions 14b and 14c should be at both ends Have openings that terminate smoothly with the opposite surfaces of the partition walls 14b and 14c, the Passages should cover such a shape and area that an area of 1/30 to 1/20 of that Partition wall surface 14b and 14c is filled, on which the carbonaceous material to be activated is in one of the compartments lla, 11b and lic are present. Next, the passages should be in the middle of the width of the respective Partition wall and be arranged near the bottom. Alternatively, in the cases where each passage 15a and 15b is in the form of a tunnel of rectangular cross-section (Fig. 4) the ratio of the width to the height in the area from 3: 1 to 1: 3, preferably in the range from 3: 2 to 1: 2, the further, above-mentioned

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fertilize should be fulfilled.

If at least the cross-sectional area of the passage 15a or 15b is greater than 1/20 of the surface section of the partition wall that is to be fluidized, carbon-containing Material contacted in each compartment is the processing speed, expressed as a percentage Amount of particles of carbonaceous material that have been sufficiently treated to the amount which is not and / or not sufficiently processed, decrease, so that this then leads to a reduction in product quality leads. On the other hand, if the cross-sectional area is less than the 1/30 limit, one of the Passages 15a and 15b a blockage occur, so that thereby the flow of carbonaceous material from a Compartment to the next compartment would be obstructed.

Further, in addition to the above requirements, each passage in each partition wall in the reaction chamber should be inclined downwards towards the subsequent activation compartment by an angle of 45 to 50 relative to that plane which is at right angles to the side surfaces of the partition wall within the reaction chamber 11.

In order to continue to ensure uniform preparation in each compartment 11a, lib and lic, the heights the fluidized masses of carbonaceous material remain essentially the same in the compartments, preferably equal to or less than 1/2 the height of each partition 14a, 14b or 14c. This can be achieved in a simple manner in that the carbon-containing Material flows through these compartments 11a, 11b and lic in succession, while raw material and activated carbon continuously fed from the funnel 17 via the screw conveyor 16 or from the last compartment lic via the overflow line 18 can be taken in such a way that the

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The amount of supplied carbonaceous material is sufficient to compensate for the amount of activated carbon removed as the end product from the last compartment lic.

The fluidization of the carbonaceous material masses in the respective compartments is activated by the individual upward currents of the heated gaseous activation medium from the heating compartments 12a, 12b or 12c into the exhaust line 19 through the perforated manifold 13 while the carbonaceous material in each activation compartment is heated to such a temperature that the processing or activation of the material with the treatment gas can take place.

In detail, the throughput rate of each activating gas flow through the associated activating compartment can be selected so that the rate of flux disintegration in each compartment is in the range of 60 to 70 cm per second, which in particular depends on the Particle size and its distribution depends, however, is independent of the number of activation compartments, according to the invention can be at least 2 or more. Alternatively, the activation compartments 11a, 11b and lic can also be different Have fluidization rates when desired or necessary.

The carbonaceous material mentioned above and further specified below must of course be suitable to be processed into activated charcoal, and can, for example, non-sintering charcoal, carbonized charcoal, carbonated vegetable material such as coconut shells, hickory nut shells, wood and Be fruit kernels, petroleum, coke and charcoal, the particle size can range from 26 to 42 meshes, to ensure fluidization in each compartment. The activated gas can be oxygen, air, steam, Carbon dioxide and a mixture of these substances

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hold, although steam is preferred.

The following table explains the fluctuation range of various parameters according to the number of Preparation compartments in the reaction chamber 11.

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Number of compartments

Raw material coconut-coconut-coconut

shell shell shell

Addition rate per hour 280-320 kg / h 220-250 kg / h 180-220 kg / h

Apparent specific,

weight d.Rohma- 668-675 g / lit. 668-675 g / lit. 668-6 / 5 g / lit.

terials

Discharge amount of active 180-200 kg / h 110-130 kg / h 60-70 kg / h

Apparent specific 570-580 g / lit. 530-540 g / lit. 440-460 g / lit.

the weight of the activated carbon

Product quality:

Acetone adsorption 23.1-23.8 * 26.8-27.7 * 34.7-35.1 \

Fluidization speed - 60-70 cm / see. 60-70 cm / sec. 60-70 an / sec.

Average residence time 2 h 3 h 4 h

Temperature:

First compartment 820-830 ^e C 830-840 ^e C 840-850 ⁰ C

Second compartment ' 840-850 ^e C 850-860 ^e C 860-870 ^e C

Third compartment 860-880 ⁰ C 870-890 ⁰ C

Last compartment 890-910 ⁰ C

Opening diameter of the

Transition between the 20 at. 20 at. 20 at. Compartments in each partition in the reaction chamber

Ratio of the opening jyjg 1/30 I / 30 cross-sectional area to the
up to filling level
Area of each partition
in the reaction chamber

4 « ^{In the} middle of the partition wall width and

Reaction chamber

Angle of inclination of the transition 45 ° 45 ⁰ 45 transition in each partition in the reaction chamber

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From the above description of the invention it can be seen that activated carbon is of relatively high quality because of the multi-stage processing, can be obtained with a single processing device. Further modification of the device to increase or decrease the number of compartments can be easily carried out because each partition divides the reaction chamber into several compartments and is made of refractory blocks or bricks.

The person skilled in the art will of course appreciate a great deal about the embodiment of the invention described above Changes are common without deviating from the concept of the invention. For example, can the partition walls 14a and 14b and 14c, described above as being arranged in a Y-shape, also in a In this case, the partition walls in the combustion or heating chamber 12 should be rearranged accordingly will.

Overall, a device for processing activated carbon from carbonaceous material has been described, in which the processing is done by activatable gases, the device having a reaction chamber which is divided into several processing compartments by partition walls and has a heating chamber, which is arranged immediately below the reaction chamber and also in a corresponding number of Heating compartments is divided so that a heating compartment is provided for each activation compartment. In for each partition in the reaction chamber there is provided a downwardly sloping passage between adjacent processing compartments, with the exception of course between that first and last activation department, so that the carbonaceous Material can flow or flow from one compartment to the next. In this way-

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the carbonaceous material runs in series and one after the other the compartments, starting from the first compartment to the last compartment and is fluidized therein · The Material obtained in the last compartment is removed from the device via an overflow.

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Claims (5)

Expectations 1. Device for processing or producing activated carbon from carbonaceous material with a activating or conditioning gas, characterized by the following combination: a shaft furnace (10) with an upright chamber in it; a perforated gas flow distributor (13), the Chamber divided into a reaction chamber (11) and a combustion chamber (12); a device (14) for subdivision the reaction chamber (11) into at least two compartments (11a, lib, lic), the device at least has a passage (15) connecting two compartments; by a feed device (16) for the carbonaceous material at a constant rate to a compartment; an acceptance device (18), which is connected to a second compartment and via which the carbonaceous material in the form of activated carbon is removable; a heating device (21a, 21b, 21c) for heating the carbonaceous material in the Compartments at required temperatures; a partition means (20a, 20b, 20c) by means of which the combustion chamber (12) is divided into combustion compartments in such a way that immediately below each activation compartment (11a, 11b, lic) a combustion compartment is located, the combustion compartments are each equipped with their own heating devices; through our own feeding devices for the Gas flow to the individual activation compartments from the associated combustion compartments through the gas flow distributor (13), whereby the respective amounts of material in the activation compartments are fluidized while they are activated will; an exhaust device (19) for discharging the waste 4098U / 07U gases from the reaction chamber to atmosphere so that carbonaceous material fed to a first compartment from the compartment into the second compartment flows through the passage in the subdivision device while it is fluidized by the activating gas. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first-mentioned dividing devices from Partitions consist in which passages are formed near their bottom, the passages are inclined downwards at an angle of 45 ° to 50 ° relative to a plane which is perpendicular to the plane of the partition wall. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the removal device has an overflow line (18) having one end into the second chamber and the other end into a suitable receptacle flows out. 4. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the passage has a cross-sectional area which about 1/20 to 1/30 of the surface area of the partition corresponds to that of the fluidized, carbon-containing Material is contacted. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the exhaust pipe (19) and the individual feed devices (23a, 23b, 23c) a line system (26a, 26b, 26c) for the activating gas is switched, which allows the use of the heat energy carried along by the exhaust gases for the activating gas. 409844/0714