DE2417080A1 - GRADIENT DIRECTIONS FOR DISPLAYING DIRECTIONS OF INCIDENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC OR ACOUSTIC WAVES - Google Patents

Description

ρ ¹ 'ICED. KRUPP GESMiLSCHAf ¹ T ΜΓΓ Beschrt / KKTER LIABILITY in Essen

GRADIENT BEARING SYSTEM FOR DISPLAYING ONE OF ¹ ALL-DIRECTIONAL TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC OR ACOUSTIC WAYS

The invention relates to a gradient bearing system for Display of directions of incidence of electromagnetic or acoustic waves, consisting of four transducers, which are arranged in pairs at right angles to one another and their distances from one another are small Wavelength of a maximum receiving frequency that can be received of the waves, the converter via control amplifier with a summation circuit, which is a 90 ° phase rotation element is connected downstream, and are connected in pairs, each with a differential circuit.

To display the direction of incidence of waves coming from a single direction onto the gradient bearing system occur, differential voltages at the outputs of the differential circuits are deflection units of a cathode ray tube and a sum signal which is in phase with it at the output of the 90 phase rotating element is supplied to a light key input. On the cathode ray tube screen

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does a line appear whose direction? the Einfallsrichtunp *! indicates the waves of Sir naloue "Ie. With such a system it is _t iedoch not possible to have multiple signal source s display at different incident directional toads, as the line on the screen of the cathode ray tube to the SChv / erpunkt the Sipnalquellen It is already known to perform a frequency selection of the received waves to separate several incidence directions, as is described, for example, in the German Publenlepiunpsschrift 2 059 155, in which it is assumed that, for example, acoustic signals from several sound sources have significantly different frequencies In order to separate the individual sources of incidence of the wave energy of the different noise sources, a frequency selection is carried out before the display :.

Such a device has, however, the decisive one Disadvantage that each noise source is different Frequency spectra must be drawn up in order to be able to display them separately to be able to reach. Noise sources with the same frequency spectra cannot be separated, it happens an indication of their acoustic center of gravity.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a

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fVr * p.rH pntpnT! «·; 1 ηw t ^ ^ ₁ Tn Anz.ein-p v _Ori Rinfallsri Oh-1; τηη · οη e] e ^ tronaPTietischer ode "^ nhir.tirr.her waves ηιοη-nerer Si n-npj nnol 1 en jvn create, he doT ¹ without T ^ nrve ^ nBpi.ei'tion it is always guaranteed that under-C-οv - i arii -ic ^ e Ί'Ίΐητ'ρ.Ί Π priohturK'eo of Si ^ nal sources also rn-1 i ;. "- Ί oirvhen Preniien ^ sriei ^ tren safely an ^r " e7, ei rt v: earth.

iHeno task is solved according to the invention by the fact that the · Ansranr of the Pbasendrehrlieds with the Tiin. ^ nrv ¹ · "• ines Verstörjce ^ s rpsapnen ^ eschalt, whose verrt ^ '^ -'nnr" nroOorfiona]. a F P ^ odnld; From the distance of one trader and the maximum frequency of Enrnfann-s is established that ^: > red er "DiffereTi ^ Rchal dor a MuT t-ip] i ornamental circuit * ra ^ Vi ^ es held j st, with a second Rinfanrr the one I -ui tir-Xiz.i.erschal tunn · with a Simis Funicbi ons ^ boar for ρπηρπ ⁷³ Ot, ^1?. ti on sv / inhel O ^ and a r.weiter Ei.nr ^ n ^ P ₁ ViOi- RT FuI tin ^ i?, I switched with a cosine function nnsrfiber ¹ for- de ¹ " ¹ Eotationsv / inkel -T ^ znnnmmenreschaltet. there·? a! 'ontimii er] i adjustable angular position— <■ ·!'. "!. ed füT" d.en ^ otationsviinlrel Ύ with the _> Sinus-'ü ¹ function- • pi -. ^ p τ, -nd the ¹ The fact that the sine funct τ onsr ^ rorbnnd en is that the off-Hnpe dor FultinHizierschai tunpen with the Einn- :: _n - _on a first adder scarf "- switches together and that the first adder holds. °: and do the Verntö.rker a second adding scarf - is resclialtet,

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wherein a display device with the second Adding circuit and the angle actuator connected is.

A directional characteristic in the form of a cardioid is created from the two differential voltages at the outputs of the differential circuits and the conphase total voltage at the output of the 90-phase rotating element. This cardioid can be swiveled through 360 °. For this purpose, one differential voltage is multiplied by the cosine of the variable angle of rotation -l · and the other differential voltage is multiplied by the sine of the angle of rotation ^. These two product voltages are added together in the first adder circuit and then combined in the second adder circuit with the correspondingly amplified sum signal rotated by 90 ° in phase. At the output of the second adding circuit: the cardioid signal is available. By changing the angle of rotation Y in the angle setting member, the cardioid is pivoted.

The cardioid sensation shows a minimum when the Indentation of the cardioids in the direction of a signal source v / eist. An evaluation for noise sources is, for example, with a loudspeaker at the output of the

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second adding circuit possible, since overflow the indentation the cardioid signal becomes quieter. The angle of incidence sr ichtunc: is 0 * am as a rotation angle Read angle actuator. Of course, there is also a screen display of the cardioid signal depending on the angle of rotation T *, the from the angle actuator and from the second adder circuit is controlled.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the second adder circuit becomes two correlators downstream. The other inputs of the correlators are, "each with the output of the differential circuits tied together. Deflection units of a cathode ray tube are interconnected with the outputs of the correlators, the light key input is controlled with the sum signal shifted by 90 in phase. With a In such an arrangement, the directions of incidence of the wave energy from two signal sources can be displayed.

To display more than two signal sources separately to bring, according to a continuation of the invention, so many identical processing channels are also included Angle actuator, multiplier circuits, sine-cosine function generator, first and second adder circuit,

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Logic circuit as well as correlators constructed how signal sources are to be separated from one another. The outputs of those correlators that match their second
Input with one of the two differential switches
are interconnected with a third
The adder circuit is connected and its output signals lead to deflection units of the cathode ray tube, the light button of which is acted upon by the sum signal, which has been ^{phase-rotated by c} > 0 °.

A rotatable cardioid signal is formed in each processing channel. To an indication, ^- e of each
To bring about signal sources, the cardioids are rotated one after the other until the cardioid signal at the output of the second adder circuit is a minimum in each processing channel. The change in the cardioid signal is evaluated in a logic circuit and the angle of rotation set in the angle actuator is recorded. On the screen of the
Cathode ray tube can be recognized at which
Rotation ^{angle T 1} , while a signal source was targeted, since the bearing line on the screen is then
Cathode ray tube skips. The jump will
by hiding the signal source using the
Causes indentation of the cardioids. If on the

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Cathode ray tube screen no line weir atfrezeip; t is, - are at the individual angular actuators to read the different directions of incidence of the signal sources.

The sine function transmitter and cosine function transmitter together with the angle control element can be implemented as a sin-cos potentiometer 7.Xi according to a continuation of the invention. Another possibility is to use a ROM-Schal tun.p · (read-only-memo ry-Schaltunp :), which is laminated for function values of the sine function and cosine function prop :.

"The advantages achieved with the invention ran in particular in that, without frequency selection, a separate display of the orientation of waves of several, distant signal sources by forming the cardioid penis and swiveling the cardioids is guaranteed, with the circuits for the figure eight characteristic .and all-round characteristics of the gradient "neil system Only timeshare can be expanded. Advantageous it is that there is a reliable indication of the incidence of the wave energy even if the Sinrial aurals of different strengths to penrel.

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Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described below in more detail ". It show

1 shows a block diagram of a gradient bearing system to form a cardioid signal,

FIG. 2 shows an expanded circuit according to FIG. 1 with a processing channel,

3 shows a further development of the circuit according to FIG. 2 with any number Processing channels.

Fig. 1 shows a gradient bearing system which consists of four transducers 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b. The transducers 1a, 1b are arranged in pairs on an axis and the two transducers 2a and 2b are arranged perpendicular thereto on an axis 2. A distance d between the transducers 1a and 1b or 2a and 2b is small compared to a wavelength of a maximum receiving frequency to be received. From directions of incidence S ^ and So, wave energy from two signal sources falls onto the gradient bearing system at angles of incidence cL and β.

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Each converter 1a, 1b "or 2a, 2b is over Cone amplifier 5 in pairs followed by a differential circuit 4 or 5, in which one Differential voltage of the received signals of the transducers 1a and 1b or 2a and 2b is formed. The differential voltage at the output of the differential circuit 4 corresponds to a figure-of-eight characteristic on axis 1. The differential voltage at the output the differential circuit 5 forms a figure-of-eight characteristic arranged perpendicular thereto on the axis 2.

In a summation circuit 6, the amplitude of the received signals from the four transducers 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, which are regulated in amplitude in the level amplifiers, are added to form the sum voltage, which represents an all-round characteristic of the gradient bearing system. The summation circuit 6 is followed by a 90 ° phase rotation element so that the differential voltages at the outputs of the differential circuits 4 and 5 are in phase with the sum voltage at the output of the 90 ° phase rotation element 7. The 90 ° phase rotation element 7 is followed by an amplifier 8, the gain of which is determined as a function of the distance d of the transducers 1a, 1b or 2a, 2b, based on a minimum wavelength A. of the maximum receiving frequency to be received. The gain factor is Tf. D / 2λ.

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241

It is already known to create a cardioid characteristic from an all-round characteristic and a figure-of-eight characteristic. According to the invention, to pivot such a cardioid characteristic, the differential voltage at the output of the differential circuit 4 is multiplied in a multiplier circuit 9 by the cosine of a rotation angle ΊΓ adjustable by 360. ^{The angle of rotation 1} Y v / ird is continuously set in an angle actuator 10, the output of which is connected to a cosine function generator 11.

The differential voltage at the output of the other differential circuit 5 is multiplied by the sine of the set rotation angle φ in a multiplier circuit 12. For this purpose, the multiplier circuit 12 is connected to the angle control element 10 via a sine function generator 13. The differential voltage of the differential circuit 4 multiplied by cos Ψ and the differential voltage of the differential circuit 5 multiplied by sin -Y * are added together in a first adding circuit 14 and fed to a second adding circuit 15. The second input of the second adding circuit 15 is connected to the amplifier 8.

At the output of the second adder circuit 15 appears

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a cardioid signal 16 which shows the cardioid characteristic as a function of the angle of rotation. If the angle of rotation * γ> is adjusted in the angle actuator 10, the cardioid rotates by the adjusted angular amount. This means, if the indentation of the cardioids points in the direction of incidence S, that the cardioid signal 16 passes through a minimum, since the portion of the wave energy is faded out from the direction of incidence S ^ and only the portion from the direction of incidence S ~ remains the cardioid signal at a minimum when the angle of rotation ~ γ iuj has the orientation Sp, since now the component from this direction of incidence Sp is faded out and only wave energy from the direction of incidence S, - is received. The minimum of the cardioid signal 16 is an indication that wave energy is received from the direction of incidence S ^ or Sp. The angle of rotation - ^ is then equal to the angle of incidence ck or - ß.

In the case of an acoustic gradient bearing system, a loudspeaker 17 can be used, for example, to hear the angle of rotation Ύ- at which a noise source is located. It is of course also possible to display the cardioid signal 16 on a display device 18 as a function of the angle of rotation O ^.

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Fig. 2 shows a further development of the invention. With the help of the rotating cardioids, the directions of incidence S ^, S £ of the individual sin-nal sources are masked out. For this purpose, the cardioid signal 16 of the second adding circuit 15 is fed to two multipliers 19 with a downstream integrator 20, which form two correlators 21 and 22. The second input of the correlator is connected to the output of the differential circuit 4, and the second input of the correlator 22 is connected to the output of the differential circuit 5. With the help of the angle actuator 10, the cardioid is rotated. If the angle of rotation yf is exactly equal to the angle of incidence β , the signal source is masked out from this direction of incidence S ^, since the output voltages of the correlators 21, 22 then have a phase shift from one another which is just pale the angle of incidence <Jl i ^s "t and an amount which is determined by the amplitude of the wave energy of the signal source lying at the angle of incidence cL. The line on the screen of a cathode ray tube 23 jumps from the center of gravity of the signal sources and points in the direction of incidence So. Pivots the cardioid further until the angle of rotation Y just equals the angle of incidence cL is the wave energy that is below the

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Angle of incidence ck, which falls on the gradient bearing system, is masked out, and the wave energy that reaches the gradient bearing system at the angle of incidence β is displayed.

In this way, the Cathode ray tube 23, the light key input with the 9o ° phase rotating member 7 is connected, two lines shown, the directions of incidence cL and ß of the wave energy specify two signal sources.

To get the directions of incidence S ^, Sp, ..., S from η To display signal sources, (n-1) processing channels V1, V2, ..., V (n-1) are set up, as shown in FIG. 3 shows. Each processing channel V1, V2, ..., V (n-1) consists of an angle actuator 101, 102, ..., 10 (n-1) with downstream sine function generator 111, 112, ..., 11 (n-1) and cosine function generator 121, 122, ..., 12 (n-1), the outputs of which each have an input a multiplication interconnection 91 and 131 »92 and 132, 9 (h-1) and 13 (n-1) are connected, as well a first adding circuit 141, 142, ..., 14 (n-1), a second adding circuit 1511 152, ....,) a logic circuit 261, 262, ..., 26 (n-1)

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and two correlators 211 and 221; 212 and 222, ..., 21 (n-1) and 22 (n-1).

The multiplier circuit 91, 92, ..., 9 (n-1) Each processing channel V1, V2, ..., V (n-1) is 4-connected with its free input with the differential circuit. The multiplier circuit I3I, 1? 2, ..., I3 (n-1) is with its second input with the Differential circuit 5 connected. The second adder circuit 151, I52,. ··, 15 (n-1) is on the input side with the first adding circuit 14-1, 142, ..., 14 (n-1) and the output of the amplifier 8 and on the output side with an input, the two correlators 211, 221; 212, 222; 21 (n-1), 22 (n-1) connected, the free input of the correlators 211, 212, ..., 21 (n-1) with the output of the differential circuit; 4- and the free entrance of the correlators 221, 222, ..., 22 (n-1) are interconnected with the output of the differential circuit 5 are.

The outputs of the correlators 211, 221 are the outputs of the processing channel V1. The output of the correlator is connected to an input of a first summing circuit 24-1 and the output of the correlator 221 is linked to an input of a second summing circuit 24-2. In paler Otherwise the outputs of the rest of the processing are -

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channels V2, ..., V (n-1) connected to the two summing circuits 24-1 and 24-2, which control the deflection units of the cathode ray tube 23 whose Helltasteinpanp; with the como-phase sum input on ^ of the ^C O ° phase rotation level 7 is applied.

Kit _f ated processing channel V1, V2, ..., V (η-Ί) a cartioid is formed, which is rotated with the Winkelstellp-liedern 101, ..., 1Ο (η-1), which for this purpose with a trigger switch 25. For an evaluation period, all angle H-members 101, 102, ..., 1Ο (η-1) are set to a reference (τ Vb is set equal to zero and is grounded by the

25 anp: erep: t. The cardioid, which is formed with processing channel Vi, begins z \ i

turn. If the angle of rotation ¹ Y equals the incidence

vnnkel -ß · is and the indentation of the cardioids in the Direction of incidence; Then the output signal changes at Auspanr: the second adding circuit; I5I in Processing channel V1. This change: is made in the Lorikschaltunp: 261 ', those with the Auspan ^ der zv / eiten Adder circuit I5I is connected, aiisfsevaluated. the Lopak circuit 261 stops the angle actuator 101 and the direction of incidence Sxi v / ird through the first

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Processing channel V1 hidden. On the screen of the cathode ray tube 23, the line of which has hitherto _{indicated the center of gravity of all directions of incidence S ^, S 2} , ...., S, the line jumps around, since the direction of incidence S ^ j is masked out.

With the logic circuit 261, the trigger circuit released again and the angle actuators 102, 103, ···, iO (n-1) triggered · The with the processing channel The cardioid formed 72 begins to rotate further until the angle of rotation 'Y' corresponds to the direction of incidence Sg has reached. From the output of the second adding circuit there is a feedback to the logic circuit 262, which the Angle actuator 102 stops. The next processing channel is now excited via the trigger circuit 25, until the display on the cathode ray tube 23 again turns.

In the same process, the other processing channels Vj are excited until the line on the screen of the cathode ray tube 23 no longer changes, since then. (N- ~ 1) "_-, signal sources are faded out . , 1θ (η-1) and on the screen of the cathode ray tube 23 the η directions of incidence S ^, S £, ..., S can be read

Claims 509841/0533

Claims (1)

PAO) EMT CLAIMS '1.1 Gradient bearing system for displaying directions of incidence electromagnetic or acoustic waves, consisting of four transducers that work in pairs are arranged perpendicular to one another and their distance from one another is small compared to a wavelength a maximum receive frequency that can be received frequency of the waves, the converter being connected via control amplifiers with a summing circuit, which is followed by a 90 ° phase rotation element, and in pairs with a differential circuit each, characterized in that the output of the 90 phase rotation element (7) is connected to the input of an amplifier (8) is connected, the gain of which is set proportionally to a product of the distance (d) between the transducers (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b) and the maximum receiving frequency, so that each differential circuit (4,5) is followed by a multiplier circuit (9, 12) , wherein a second input of a multiplier circuit (12) with a sine function generator (13) for a rotation angle Ο- ⁰ and a second input of the other multiplier (9) with a cosine function generator (11) for the rotation angle O ^ is connected together, that a continuous adjustable angle actuator £ 10) for the angle of rotation 'V' with the sine function generator (13) 509841/0533 and the cosine function generator (11) is connected so that the outputs of the multiplier circuits (9, 12) are connected together with the inputs of a first adding circuit (14) and that the first adding circuit (14) and the amplifier (8) a second adding circuit (15) is connected downstream, one Display device (18) connected to the second adding circuit (15) and the angle actuator (10) is. Gradient bearing system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the second adding circuit (15) is followed by two correlators (21, 22), the second inputs of the two correlators (21, 22) each being connected to the outputs of the differential circuits (4, 5) are connected so that the outputs of the correlators (21, 22) are interconnected with deflection units and the output of the 90 ° phase rotating element (7) with a light key input of a cathode ray tube (23). Gradient bearing system according to Claim 2, characterized in that, for the simultaneous display of the directions of incidence (S1, S2, ..., Sn) of η signal sources, the differential circuits (ni ·) have processing channels (V1, V2, ..., V (n-1 )) are downstream, 503341/0533 each with a sine and a gosine function generator (111, ..., 11 (n-1) and 131, ..., 13 (n-1)) and an angle actuator (101, 102, ..., 10 (n-1)), a downstream first adding circuit (141, 142, ..., 14 (n-1)), a second adding circuit (151,152, ..., 15 (n-1)) and two correlators (211., 212, ..., 21 (n-1); 221, ..., 22 (n-1) ') that the an input of the second adding circuit (151, 152, ..., 15 (n-1)) to the output of the first adder circuit (14-1, ..., 14- (n-1)) and the second input of the second adder circuit (151, ···, 15 (n-1)) is connected to the 90 ° phase rotation element (7) that the output .. of the second adder circuit (151, ···, 15 (n-1)), with the first inputs of the two correlators (211, ..., 21 (n-1); 221, ..., 22 (n-1)) is interconnected, the second inputs of the · "two correlators (211, ..., 21 (n-1); 221, ..., 22 (n-1) each connected to the output of one of the two differential circuits (4 or 5) is that the output of the one correlator (211,. ..., 21 (n-1)) as an output of each processing channel (V1, V2, ..., V (n-2)) with a first Summing circuit (24-1) and the output of the other correlator (221, ..., 22 (n-1)) as the second output each processing channel (V1, V2, ..., V (n-1)) is interconnected with a second summing circuit (24-2) are ^ where the summing circuits (24-1,242) 509841 / 0S33 with the deflection units of the cathode ray tube (23) are connected. 4. Gradient bearing system according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the sine function generator (13) and the cosine function generator (11) together with the angle actuator (10) is a sin-cos potentiometer. 5. Gradient bearing system according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the sine function generator (13) and the cosine function generator (11) are implemented as a ROM circuit. 509-841 / 0533