DE2404625B2 - AGENTS FOR PREVENTING AIR POLLUTION IN THE FORM OF UNPLEAVANT ODOR OF ORGANIC MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

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Organic waste, for example latrines, manure, digested sludge and the like, are microwaves Exposed to degradation, in which, especially under anaerobic conditions, a lot of malodorous Substances are formed which cause an unpleasant odor. During the bacterial breakdown process many organic compounds are volatilized before they become carbon dioxide, methane, water, Gaseous nitrogen and mineral elements are reduced, and an unpleasant result is created Odor caused by a complicated mixture of odor-emitting substances.

The fertilizer production in agriculture and chicken breeding is very extensive. In the USA the fertilizer production is calculated at 2,000,000,000 t annually, d. H. about 10 times more than the fixed one Household, industrial and municipal waste. The manure recycling is a matter of course a very big problem in ranching. With these large quantities, another important problem arises, namely the unpleasant smell. The smell of cow dung may not be that bothersome, but in the In pigs and chickens, the smell of manure in the stalls causes air pollution that does not can be tolerated and is harmful to the zoo keeper. So this smell is for the zookeepers who Local residents and of course a very big problem for the animals themselves. The smell of fresh Manure is due to the microbial breakdown of unconsumed, organic matter in the digestive system attributed to the animals. The microorganisms in the intestines are essential for animal health of great importance. Of the substances produced by bacteria and used by animals be z. B. acetic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid and various vitamins, especially vitamin B 12. Other products of the bacteria in the intestines are malodorous substances, such as hydrogen sulfide, Mercaptans, putrescine, cadaverine, indole, skatole and ammonia mentioned. After the crap the animals left, depending on the circumstances, the same and different products educated. If oxygen is present (aerobic conditions), the bacteria break down the manure so that there is no unpleasant smell. For example, if chickens scratch a strewn floor, the manure is ventilated and no large amount of odor is noticeable. Ain't no oxygen if present (aerobic conditions) the bacteria will continue to produce unpleasant smells. Depending on the circumstances, more or less serious odor problems arise.

In pigsties, where the pigs move over canals into which the manure falls, the problems can be very serious, and when the manure emptied from the channels in containers and then on the As farmland is spread, this unpleasant smell creates new problems.

In the chicken farms, the problems are usually not that great. But you get serious if the manure is stored in a pit or container. The smell of chicken litter is even more pervasive than the smell of pig dung. Modern chicken farms number between 40,000 and 250,000 chickens, and so the smell in these big chicken farms is a very big one is a big problem that has been tried to overcome in Sweden and abroad by the fact that the manure is pumped under the surface of a large pool of water.

The same air pollution in the form of an unpleasant odor is associated with Latrines, the handling and cleaning of latrine vessels and the handling of garbage, Faulschl; in the and other moist, organic waste.

The urbanization of the landscape leaves it niciu longer to ignore the odor problem. The odor control can be done in different ways Manner, and the present invention relates to a method for eliminating these in Form an unpleasant odor present air pollution or to prevent it Air pollution from organic material occurs.

Unpleasant smells, which can pollute the air, are eliminated earlier by means of chemical substances which bind and / or adsorb the malodorous substances. The elimination unpleasant smell of organic material exposed to microbial degradation is with With the help of such chemical substances, the substances having a binding capacity are preferred are of the kind that can inhibit microbial development at the same time, or also

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with the help of air passing through the organic matter is blown, whereby the microwave culture conditions change and the fermentation products one get far better smell.

A litter for stables is known that contains a mixture of superphosphate, a copper compound and optionally an organic iron salt and a disinfectant contains (German Auslegeschriftl5 92699). With this known agent bacterial and enzymatic processes are prevented that lead to the formation mainly from ammonia, which is achieved by destroying bacteria or enzymes. An odor control agent is also known which consists of a synergistically effective mixture of a Enzyme and an iron (II) salt compound consists (German Offenlegungsschrift 21 37 657). It is the enzyme is preferably proteolytic, i.e. protein-degrading. Foul-smelling substances that have already formed cannot be rendered harmless immediately.

The invention relates to a means for preventing air pollution in the form of unpleasant odor from organic material, in particular organic waste, which is subject to microbial degradation. The invention provides that the agent consists of a 5 to 20 percent by weight of copper salt, b 25 to 60 percent by weight of nitric acid and / or a nitrate with the addition of c 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of nitrous acid and / or a nitrite, d 0 to 50 percent by weight of a acidic compound as the active component and 0 to 50 percent by weight of a carrier as the inactive component. Special configurations of the agent according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The agent according to the invention does not disrupt the microbial processes, but rather the resulting, Malodorous substances, such as mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide, are used right from the start rendered harmless. The conditions of the microbial processes remain so that no malodorous Substances are created. This is achieved by an aerobic instead of an anaerobic environment. The inventive Medium thus gives a long-term effect.

The agent according to the invention is mainly used for organic waste in the form of latrine, cattle manure, Poultry manure, compost fertilizer, digested sludge, hospital and slaughterhouse waste are used. the Invention is also suitable for the pulp industry. In the practical application of the invention Means for the said organic waste, the means comes into contact with the waste brought to be mixed with the waste or in the waste container before or after the collection of the waste.

If the agent according to the invention is mixed with manure and spread on the farmland, it works it also used as a soil improver. Through the means, the soil becomes partly copper, which often makes it copper deficiency occurring in the soil can be prevented, and partly nitrate and ammonia from Manure added in bound form, and thus both the fertilizer effect and the air means the composition according to the invention can be improved.

The invention is now explained in more detail below with reference to the following examples.

example 1

It became a composition (I) of the following composition prepared:

Nitric acid, conc.
(65% ENT ₃ ,

Density ~ 1.4 g / cm ³ ) .... 1050 g (750 ml)

Copper sulfate, crystalline .. 150 g

Sodium nitrite 5 g

Water 175 g (175 ml)

1380 g (1000 ml)

^{The 1} S composition (I) obtained in the form of an aqueous solution was used to rid liquid cow dung of unpleasant odor. The composition was diluted 10 times with water and mixed with the liquid manure stored in a container. Mixing is done by pumping the liquid manure around. 0.5 l of composition (I) was needed per 1 t of liquid manure to rid the latter of unpleasant odor.

Example 2 »5

A composition (II) of the following composition was prepared:

Sodium hydrogen sulfate,

crystalline (NaHSO * · H2O) 1400 g

Potassium nitrate 1000 g

Copper nitrate, crystalline 300 g

Potassium nitrite 5 g

2705 g

The chemical mixture obtained in dry form, i. H. the composition (II) according to the invention, was used to prevent the development of unpleasant smells from pig manure.

The composition was dissolved in water, 1 kg of Composition (II) per about 10 1 of water, and the obtained one Solution was poured over the floor of emptied and cleaned alluvial channels of a pigsty and evenly distributed. It became 1 kg of composition

(II) per 1 t of pig manure used in semi-solid form, to prevent the development of unpleasant smells in the pigsty.

Example 3 50

A composition (III) of the following composition was prepared:

Sodium nitrate 850 g

Copper chloride, crystalline

(CuCb · 2H2O) 150 g

Citric acid, crystalline 1000 g

Potassium nitrite 5 g

2005 g 60

a) The chemical mixture obtained in dry form, ie the composition (III) according to the invention, was used to rid liquid chicken manure of unpleasant odor. The com- position ⁶ S (III) was dissolved in water 1 kg of composition (III) per about 10 1 of water and the solution obtained was poured into a 200 t-making cement wells with liquid chicken manure and

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mixed in by pumping the manure around, whereby the chicken manure is freed of unpleasant odor became. 0.5 kg of composition (III) per 11 liquid chicken manure was used for this odor removal second hand.

b) The composition (HI) was used to remove digested sludge from a biological bed of a sewage treatment plant to get rid of unpleasant food. The composition was dissolved in water, with the same concentration as under a), and the The solution obtained was placed in a container with 10 t digested sludge and pumping around mixed in the sludge, whereby the digested sludge was freed of unpleasant odor. It was 0.5 kg composition (III) per 11 digested sludge for »5 this odor elimination needed.

c) The composition (II) was used to prevent the development of unpleasant gen'ch in a dry abortion. In the dry abortion, the latrine was ^{collected in a latrine vessel of the standard type ao} , and the composition (III) was available both as a dry powder and in water-dissolved form, 2 kg of composition (III) per 101 of water. After each use of the dry toilet, some of these forms of composition (III) were sprinkled and / or poured over the latrine, and the dry toilet could be kept free of unpleasant odor. 2 kg of composition (III) per 1 t of latrine were needed for this application of the invention.

Under employment relationships similar to those mentioned in the examples above, Attempts have also been made to reduce air pollution by using the method according to the invention in the form of unpleasant odor in hospitals, namely odor of Wash rooms, basins and other, smaller portable latrine vessels, as well as in slaughterhouses, namely the odor arising during colon cleansing, with the components of the composition The type and amount fluctuated within the groups of the above-mentioned substances or limit values. Man has obtained the same good results as in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments.

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Agent for preventing air pollution in the form of an unpleasant odor of organic material, in particular organic waste, which is exposed to mikrobieUem degradation, characterized in that the agent is composed of (α) 5 to 20 percent by weight of copper salt, (b) 25 to 60 percent by weight of nitric acid and / or a nitrate with the addition of (c) 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of nitrous acid and / or a nitrite, (d) 0 to 50 percent by weight of an acidic compound as active components and 0 to 50 percent by weight of a carrier as inactive component. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper salt (α) is copper sulfate, copper nitrate or copper chloride, that the nitrate is in the form of sodium or potassium salts with the addition of the nitrite, and that the acidic compound (d) is an inorganic acid or is an organic acid. 3. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that it acid as the inorganic acid nitric ^a 5, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid and / or an acid salt thereof, or containing as organic acid citric acid or acetic acid. 4. Agent according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it consists of an aqueous Solution containing 275 g of copper sulfate and 1250 HNOj with the addition of 10 g of sodium nitrite per 11 contains water.