DE2364984A1 - Explosive forming plant - includes shock absorbers to protect vessel from the shock of the explosion - Google Patents

Abstract

Explosive forming plant comprises a vessel contg. a die adapted to receive a blank, and a container for liq. medium, usually water, to transmit detonation energy to the blank. A splitter dissects the column of liq. medium formed by the detonation. The splitter is mounted above the vessel on a support which is connected to the splitter by means of a shock absorber. The support pref. comprises pillars on which is arranged a spring biased cross-arm carrying the splitter and mounted so as to allow its rotation about one of the pillars. Used in explosive forming of large-size intricate components.

Description

png- Dr. jur.

Frank Arnold Nix

Godparents act.

Frankfurt am Main 70

Gartenstrasse 123 2 0 D 4 9 0 4

EXPLOSIVE FORBIUlTGSA ACTION

The present invention relates to metal compression forming equipment and, more particularly, to explosive forming equipment.

This invention can be used for the non-cutting shaping of workpieces with large dimensions and complex shapes made of sheet-metal or frame-like blanks can be used.

The most successful of the invention in aircraft construction for manufacturing workpieces of any shape without
Welding of the same, which should have a highly precise shape and a fine surface, can be used. In this case, explosive forming is the most effective method there
its technology is extremely simple and just a die part,

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namely, a die, must be made.

It's an explosive molding facility. known, which contains a container with a die inserted in it, the latter being suitable for attaching a blank to it is, as well as a device housed in the container for the liquid medium, which transfers the explosion energy of the charge in this medium to the blank, and a splitting device arranged above the container for the column of liquid formed in the explosion Medium owns. Such systems are often set up in workshops.

Before the cargo explodes, a cylindrical steel hood is erected over the container and rigidly attached to it. In the upper part of this hood, the fixed splitting device is attached, which consists of two circular ring halves butting together with a semicircular cross-section, with a protrusion at the point of their collision, which is used to split and deflect the medium column in the event of an explosion. The space between the hood and the splitting device is filled with water or another liquid to increase the mass of the splitting device and to deflect the medium column in the event of an explosion. In the explosion, the column of the liquid medium, which has a large kinetic energy, hits the cracking device and transfers the dynamic load via the cylindrical hood to parts by means of which the hood is attached to the vessel

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"is attached. As a result, the whole construction the device by tensile forces "claimed, many marriage to the destruction of the system. In order to avoid serious damage, the device is made of heavy plate with a more powerful Pressure device built and is very bulky. This all causes difficulties in manufacture and during the Operation of the plant.

After the explosion, the system is dismantled with the help of a crane.

After the hood is detached from the pressing device

University

it is lifted to the assembly area by means of a crane while the die with the workpiece is being dismantled and prepared for the following operation. Of the Remains of the explosion products and the liquid medium are removed from the container.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the splitting device is rigidly connected to the vessel.

During the explosion, the charge energy, which is absorbed by the fission device, is completely absorbed by the Transfer the hood to the container. During operation, the container and the fastening pieces are highly dynamic Stresses which can cause the destruction of the system. By lifting and putting on the Hood with the splitting device before each explosion, the system performance is reduced and additional, as assembly

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4-day production area required.

It is the aim of the present invention to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks

The invention is based on the object of an explosive forming system to create with such an arrangement of the splitting device that makes it possible at the moment of Explosion of the container as well as the ceiling and the foundation of the room in which the system is installed.

This object is achieved by creating an explosive forming system which contains a container with a die inserted in it, the latter being suitable for attaching a blank to it, as well as a device housed in the container for the liquid medium, which the explosion energy in this Medium located charge on the blank transfers ₅ and has a cleavage device arranged above the container for the column of liquid medium formed in the explosion.

According to the invention, the gap device is used on a trader
ger attached, ^ is at the level of the container, and

is connected to the carrier via a damper.

As a result, the container is completely relieved of dynamic loads in the event of the charge explosion and, in this way, the service life of the entire system is extended and there is the possibility of making the container from relatively thin sheet metal. -

The connection of the splitting device with the carrier is about

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Damper allows a significant portion of the from the Cleavage device absorbed kinetic energy through the selection of elastic elements with the required stiffness 'means to absorb and dampen. Such a connection of the splitting device to the carrier enables the load weight in comparison to the known systems to 2 to 2.5 times and increase the size range of the expand non-cutting shaped workpieces.

The carrier of the splitting device expediently consists of at least two supports, on which one is sprung Cross member is arranged, which carries the splitting device and is mounted so that it is during the installation of the die can be pivoted around one of these pieces with the blank and while it is being removed from the container.

The use of a swiveling, sprung cross member, which carries the splitting device, makes it possible without Use of large hoists the container space for the at the To clear the die for assembly work to be carried out and to partially relieve the supports at the moment of the explosion.

The cross member with the splitting device does not require any Assembly area, as it is permanently on the supports above the container.

In one of the variants of the invention, the splitting device consists of a conical shell, the Tip facing the container and which is filled with a viscous mass, with the edges of the shell flanged and down-

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are bent, while the apex angle of the shell depends on the size of the charge and the volume of the liquid Medium, which transfers the explosion energy to the blank, is selected.

Such a shape of the splitting device makes it possible to split the column of liquid medium smoothly during the explosion and to deflect it by 180 °.

This causes the medium particles to self-brake.

In another embodiment of the invention, the splitting device is formed by a perforated truncated cone envelope surrounded by flanged and bent-down edges, their smaller diameter is slightly larger than the maximum diameter of the splitting device.

The presence of a perforated envelope favors the self-braking of the particles that are thrown out in the explosion Medium and completely prevents the said medium from entering the workshop. This is achieved by that the medium flow after deflecting the same at the flanging of the cone of the splitting device on the perforated Shell is smashed to fine splatters and that after passing the shell holes he hits the oncoming Medium meets. There is an additional braking of the medium and a partial relief of the damper the splitting device.

Another variant of the splitting device

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consists in that the splitting device by a truncated cone half is surrounded, which on the larger base to the outside and on the smaller to the inside through it formed truncated cone is umörde-Lt, with the inward part of the envelope beaded into the truncated cone is perforated.

Such a construction of the splitting device is used in cases when the load is at the maximum value, for which the system is calculated approaches. With a relatively small volume of the liquid medium and more significant kinetic energy of the same during the charge explosion enables such a splitting device to close the damper relieve.

In order to facilitate assembly, the splitting device is expediently attached to a plate via which the splitting device is connected to the damper.

It is useful in cases when the column is liquid Medium has a relatively small cross-section to use a splitting device that has one on the base of the cone adjacent, spring-loaded rod, which is guided through an opening provided in the plate, so it can be displaced vertically with respect to the plate at the moment of the charge explosion. Such a one Construction of the splitting device makes it possible to partially relieve the damper.

The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying

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The drawings are described in detail "; it shows

1 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the axis of the explosive forming system according to the invention

Fig. 2 is a section along line H-II of Fig, I, which shows the assembly used to pivot the cross member on an enlarged scale,

3 shows a longitudinal section through the axis of the assembly H ^ äe-r Fig. 1, which shows the assembly for holding of the cross member on the column on an enlarged scale,

4 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the axis of the explosive forming system with the gap device _{3 surrounded by a perforated shell}

Fig. 5 In a schematic representation, a longitudinal section through the axis of the E ^ losivformungsanlage with the. on a spring-loaded rod-seated splitting device,

6 shows a SoImItt according to JiInLe VI-VI of FIGS. 5 and

Fig _β 7 * 5 enblick system shown in Fig Jto & in the explosion "

The Explosivfoxmungsanlage contains a container 1 (Fig ₉ 1) inserted into the ground , on the bottom of which sits a fireclay 2, which serves as a base for a die 3 mounted on it. In the die 3 there is a blank 4

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used. The die 3 is surrounded by a collecting line 5 with nozzles 6 for supplying liquid medium which transfers the explosion energy to the blank 4. In the present case the production of a product with a closed outline is considered. Therefore, a liquid medium is poured into the cavity of the blank 4, which is inserted into the die 3, in order to transfer the explosion energy to the blank 4. As a rule, water is used as the liquid medium.

In the center of the water volume located in the cavity of the blank 4, a charge 7 is arranged, which is attached to a (not shown) cross piece, which rests on the die 3, is suspended *. The size of the charge 7 is in Dependence on the material and on the dimensions of the blank 4 and on the shape of the future product chosen·

Above the container 1 on the rager 8 there is a splitting device 9 for the water column created in the explosion.

The container 1 consists of a cylindrical frame 10, which is completely set in the ground. In the lower part of the container 1 sits the fireclay 2, which consists of a steel frame 11 filled with reinforced concrete. The frame 11 of the bulkhead 2 is through from below (according to the drawing) a flat steel floor 12 closed, on which a steel

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concrete reinforcement is welded on. The top of the chamotte 2 "consists of a solid steel plate 13 which is placed on a rubber layer (not shown). The frame 11 of the Schabotte 2 is connected to the frame 10 of the container 1 by a horizontal grid 14 for the water drainage. the Schabotte 2 is placed on a bedding which contains a layer of gravel 15 and a layer of sand 16. The frame 10 of the The container 1 rests on a concrete bedding 17 »which serves as the bottom of the container 1. In the frame 10 is at the level of the grille 14 a door (not shown) is provided through which the operator enters the system and which is an underground door Locks off the corridor that leads into the room in which the control panel of the system is installed.

The die 3, which is surrounded by the collecting line 5, is placed on the bulkhead 2. The latter consists from a pipe laid in the form of a horizontal ring with the nozzles 6, which are located in the upper part of the collecting line 5. The nozzles 6 are built so that the amount of water and the direction of the water jet depending on the dimensions and the construction of the die 3 as well as the size of the load 7 can be regulated »The collecting line 5 is on the frame 11 of the bulkhead 2 attached and connected to a pressurized water line.

The container 1 is covered by a lid 18 with an opening 19, which are used to install the die 3 in the container 1 and

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is used to remove the same from the container 1, covered.

The opening 19 is surrounded by a railing 20 in order to avoid accidents frustoconical shell 21, which with its smaller base is welded on the cover 18 around the opening 19 and with its larger base area on the frame 10. The cover 21 is used to focus the water column and the explosion products · In the space between the cover 21, the lid 18 and the frame 10 are lighting devices and television cameras for monitoring the explosion process and the assembly of die 3j blank 4 and load 7

The splitting device is located on the carrier 8 above the container 1 9 attached. The carrier 8 consists in this case of two supports 22, which are placed on a concrete substructure and with the container 1 are not connected. A crossbeam 23 rests on the supports 22. According to the invention, the crossbeam 23 is cushioned and so arranged on the supports 22 that he is around one of them during the assembly of the die 3 with the blank 4 and can be swiveled while taking it out of the container 1 »

On the support 22 - in this case on the left support (according to the drawing) - around which the cross member 23 is pivoted is, a locking ring 24 (Fig. 2) with a spring 25 is attached, on which the cross member 23 rests. On the end protruding over the cross member 23

the support 22 is fitted with a spring 26 which is

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NEN locking ring 27 is attached.

A locking ring 24 (fig. 3) with a spring 25 is attached to the upper part of the right-hand support 22 (according to the drawing), on which a sleeve 28, which is connected to the cross member 23, rests A spring 26 and a locking ring 27 are also attached to the end of the support 22.

The sleeve 28 has a keyway on its inner surface, in which a spring wedge (not shown) is inserted to the Rotation of the sleeve 28 to prevent the support 22. A corresponding groove for this spring wedge is made on the support 22. On the outside of the bushing 28, a cantilever arm 29 is attached, which has a step-shaped recess to allow in they use a bracket 30 rigidly attached to the cross member 23 to be able to.

A lock 31 fastened to the cantilever arm 29 is used to hold the bracket 30 in the recess of the cantilever arm 29 intended.

The closure 31 has a cylindrical housing 3.2 with a core 33 and a spring 34 # placed on it The (according to the drawing) upper end of the core 33 ... protrudes into an opening that is formed both in the cantilever arm 29 and in the bracket 30 is executed. In this way, the cross member 23 is retained.

In the middle of the cross member 23 is on dampers 35

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(Fig. 1) the splitting device 9 for the water column, which when the explosion arises, arranged · Any known construction suitable for this purpose can be used as the damper be used·

In one embodiment of the invention, the splitting device 9 consists of a conical casing 36, the tip of which faces the container 1 and is filled with a viscous mass, for example bitumen, in order to increase the mass of the splitting device 9. The hand of the cone shell 36 is flanged and bent downwards. The cone tip angle of the splitting device 9 is selected as a function of the amount of water that is thrown out during the explosion and of the size of the charge 7. In each concrete case, the size of the angle is determined on empirical ^ e ^ e . The distance between the splitting device 9 and the load 7 is selected depending on the same factors.The change in position of the cross member 23 with the splitting device 9 along the supports 22 can be made by moving the locking rings and 27 and a corresponding selection of the springs 25 and 26.

In another embodiment of the invention, the cone of the splitting device 9 is additionally perforated Truncated cone envelope 38 (Fig. 4) surrounded with flanged and downwardly curved edges. The smaller diameter the sheath 38 is slightly larger than the maximum diameter of the cone of the splitting device 9 for the sake of convenience assembly.

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The maximum diameter of the truncated cone shell 38 is in Depending on the diameter of the upper part of the water column created by the explosion, selected * The latter Diameter in turn depends on the size of the charge 7 and the Mass of the ejected water.

Another variant of the splitting device is that the cone of the splitting device 9 is additionally surrounded by a truncated cone envelope 39 (Fig. 5), the on the larger base outwards and on the smaller inwards into the truncated cone formed by it will. The beaded edge of the larger base of the truncated cone shell 39 is bent down, during the after inside flanged part of the envelope 39 is perforated, Here the volume of the truncated cone 39 is approximately equal to the Volume of the water ejected during the explosion selected.

With each of the design variants described above the splitting device 9 is a plate 40 to connect it to the damper 35. On this plate 40 are the The cone of the splitting device 9 and the envelope 38 or 39 surrounding it are attached.

If the size of the charge 7 is close to the maximum value for which the system is calculated, it is useful to place the cone of the splitting device 9 on a spring-loaded rod 41, as can be seen in FIG

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is. The rod 41 consists of a metal rod which is guided through an opening provided in the plate 40. The cone of the splitting device 9 is attached to the lower end of the rod 41 (according to the drawing). Between the cone between the splitting device 9 and the plate 40 there is a spring 42 placed on the rod 41. The rod 41 becomes held in their position relative to the plate 40 with the aid of nuts 43 and a washer 44.

The explosive forming plant works as follows.

In the starting position before commissioning, the cross member 23 with the splitting device 9 is around the left support 22 pivoted and continued from the container 1. In the vicinity of the container 1, the die 3 with the Blank 4 mounted * The die 3 with the blank 4 is placed in the container 1 on the plate 13 of the Schabotte 2 set «The cross member 23 is pivoted around the left support 22 into the position in which the splitting device is located 9 is located above the opening 19 in the lid 18 of the container 1. When the cross member 23 is set up over the container, the bracket 30 attached to the cross member 23 enters the recess of the cantilever arm 29, which is attached to the sleeve 28, which sits on the right support 22. The bracket 30 is pushed into the recess up to the stop on the paragraph executed in it. At the moment when the openings in the bracket

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30 and coincide in the cantilever arm 29, the core 33 of the lock 31 attached to the cantilever arm 29 is pushed by the spring 34 into the opening of the bracket 30, whereby the cross member 23 is held in its position. In the present case, the mode of operation of the system is considered when a workpiece is formed without cutting, the blank 4 of which has a closed outline (consists of a frame). Here, a liquid medium, in this case water, is poured into the cavity formed by the plate 13 of the bulkhead 2 and the walls of the blank 4, which is used to transfer the explosion energy to the blank 4. The explosive charge 7 is inserted into the water poured into the aforementioned cavity and held in place with the aid of a special device located on the die 3. The size and shape of the charge 7 depend on the dimensions, the material and the shape of the future workpiece. Then, the manifold 5 is connected to a pressure water pipe and via the nozzles 6 the water begLnnt zuzuströmen forming over dtr die 3 with the blank 4, a water spray radome to partially destroy the shock wave and for the protection of the container 1 in the explosion of the

a

Charge 7 is used. Then the charge 7 is ignited on the irom control panel from the command given. The collecting line 5 is switched off from the pressurized water line immediately after the explosion. The explosion energy deforms with the help of the load

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dung 7 surrounding water the blank 4, the water the Role of a pressure stamp. At the same time that is over the cargo 7 located water is thrown upwards in the form of a column of atomized liquid with explosion products.

The one ejected from container 1 during the explosion Water column has three zones with different densities and speeds of movement.

The first zone in the top of the column is dome-shaped and consists of liquid particles, which water dust with little Create density. These particles move at super sonic speed.

In front of the dome from such water dust, a shock wave arises, which envelops this dome like a solid body by separating air and water from each other. This zone has great kinetic energy, but its duration of action is very short. The second zone - a cumulative gas / water jet - has a velocity about twice as fast as the first zone, but its density and duration of action are significantly greater. It is the main carrier of kinetic energy. The first zone of the water column hits,

if they have the flanged part of the splitting device is reached and deflected by 180 °, on its way back to the second zone. When this collision occurs atomizes the water and destroys its energy. The dusty one The liquid medium lowers and enters the container

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1 of the system, where it passes the grid 14 located under the container. The third zone -a massive wetland becomes by elastic forces and by Y / ellen, which reflected from the rigid surfaces of the die 3 and the workpiece are thrown out. This zone does not reach the splitting device 9 in practice.

The kinetic energy of the column of liquid is through absorbed the damper 35 of the splitting device 9, which are thereby compressed and a part of this energy destroy. At the same time, the cross member 23 presses under the The action of the kinetic energy, the springs 26 together, which destroy a large part of the energy they have absorbed. Etach termination of the generated by the water column Effect returns the cross member 23 under the influence of its own weight and the springs 26 back to the starting position and lies on the springs 25, which through the locking rings 24 are held on the supports 22. The cross member 23 is to the die 3 with the finished workpiece take out of the container 1, returned to the starting position. Here, the core 33 of the shutter 31 pushed down by hand, compressing the spring 34 and the opening in the bracket 30, which is connected to the cross member 23 is, leaves. Each the releasing of the cross member 23 is this by hand or by means of an electric winch around the left support 22 rotated.

Then the die 3 is made with the finished workpiece

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taken out of the container 1 by means of a hoist. As a hoist, for example, an overhead crane with several systems "served, used.

The die 3 with the workpiece is placed on the assembly area, where it is dismantled.

Depending on the size and shape of the cargo, the The amount of water and the shape of the workpiece are different constructions the splitting device 9 used

In cases where the charge 7 is flat and consequently the water column generated by the explosion has a relatively large cross-sectional area at the base, a splitting device 9 surrounded by a perforated frustoconical shell 38 is used. The central water column part, which flows down from the hand of the folded part of the conical envelope 36 of the splitting device 9, reaches the inner surface of the perforated envelope 38, flows through its openings and creates a counterpressure in the peripheral fluid column part, whereby the damper 35 is partially relieved.

In cases when the size of the charge 7 approaches the value for which the system is calculated, and the volume of water thrown out by the charge is relatively small, a splitting device 9 is used, which is surrounded by a truncated cone envelope, which is on both bases is beaded. In this case it is most expedient to mount the splitting device 9 on a spring-loaded rod 41.

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add, as can be seen from FIG.

The central water column part is a part of the collision with the surface of the splitting device 9 kinetic energy, which has the consequence that the splitting device 9 is pushed up, - compressing the spring 42 and completely blocking access to the through the Truncated cone shell 39 releases cavity formed. The water flowing down from the flanged part of the Kegelhäüle 36 reaches the inwardly flanged part of the truncated cone envelope 39, flows through the openings in it, meets

water atomized on the rising masses and partially destroys their energy. This is where the damper 35 relieved. The peripheral. The water column part washes around the shell 39 from the outside and flows from the edge of the upper flange down into container 1.

In the case of the blank 4 from a flat sheet metal exists and is horizontally attached to the die 3, water and the charge 7 are in a so-called (not shown) container for single use, with the container placed on this sheet will.

When using dies 3 with large dimensions, the blank 4 is inserted directly in the container 1 into the die or the finished workpiece from it

taken out.

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Claims (1)

PATENT STATEMENTS Explosive forming system containing a container with a die inserted in it, the latter being used for Attaching a blank to it is suitable, as well as a device housed in the container for the liquid Me medium, which transfers the explosion energy of a charge in this medium to the blank, and a Above the container arranged splitting device for the at the explosion resulting column has liquid medium, characterized in that the Splitting device (9) is attached to a carrier (8) which is located in the vicinity of the container (1), and that it is connected to the carrier (8) via a damper (35). 2 · Explosive forming system according to claim 1, there through characterized in that the carrier (8) consists of at least two supports (22) on which a sprung cross member (23) is located, \ velcher the splitting device (9) and is mounted so that it during the installation of the die (3) with the blank (4) and during the removal of the same from the container (1) can be pivoted about one of these supports. 3. Explosive molding plant according to any of the 50982 9/0014 Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that that the clamping device (9) consists of a conical shell (36), the tip of which the container (1) is facing and which is filled with viscous mass, "consists, with the edges of the shell flanged and bent down are, while the apex angle of the shell depends on the size of the charge (7) and the volume of the liquid medium which transfers the explosion energy to the blank (4) is selected. 4. Explosive forming plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the splitting device (9) surrounded by a perforated truncated cone shell (38) with flanged and bent-down edges whose smaller diameter is larger than the maximum diameter of the splitting device (9). 5. Explosive forming plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the splitting device (9) surrounded by a truncated cone envelope (39) is which on the larger base area outwards and on the smaller inwards in the areas formed by it Truncated cone is crimped, wherein the inwardly crimped into the truncated cone part of the shell (39) is perforated is. 6. Explosive forming plant according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that 509829/0014 Ze rejects that the clamping device (9) is connected to the damper (35) via a plate (40). 7. Explosive forming system according to claim 6, characterized in that the splitting device (9) contains a spring-loaded rod (41) which rests against the base of the cone and which is guided through an opening provided in the plate (40) so that it can be used at the moment of Explosion of the charge (7) vertically _y can be shifted with respect to the plate (40). 509829/0014