DE2362759A1 - Drivable fertilizer spikes - comprising non-fibrous NPK fertiliser and thermosetting binder - Google Patents

Abstract

A hard, rigid fertiliser briquette of shape and strength such that it can be driven into the ground consists of a non-fibrous NPK fertiliser and a water-insoluble cured thermosetting resinous binder. Sustained release of nutrients to trees and bushes. Thermosetting resinous binder is pref. urea-formaldehyde (es. with HCHO: urea ratio 1.38-1.8:1) and the fertilisers may include urea, ammonium nitrate, mono-ammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate, normal superphosphate and potassium sulphate as well as trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese, barium, zinc and molybdenum.

Description

The invention relates to a fertilizer thorn of the genus specified in the preamble of the main claim, as well as a manufacturing process for it.

Such fertilizers! Thorns are hammered into the ground, in order to fertilize this in the surrounding area continuously at a low and even speed, so that trees, Bushes and the like plants nutrients are available stand.

A fertilizer mandrel is already known which has such mechanical strength and such impact resistance should show that he hammer with a steel head can be driven into hard soil to fertilize trees and other plants. This mandrel consists essentially of EPE-E nutritious materials, including phosphoric acid, and asbestos fibers. The reacts during production

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Phosphoric acid with the asbestos to give a mandrel which has a relatively porous and friable core which is surrounded by a non-porous and also not friable shell. A seal made of foam rubber or the like is placed over the end of the dome and a metal cap is placed over it. IT disadvantageously the well-known mandrel cannot always be driven into the ground even with this protective cap. In addition, the quality is not consistent if the spike contains considerable amounts of non-fertilizing substances Substances, and it is also not consistently break-resistant (US Pat. No. 3,057,713).

A fertilizer product is also known which has the shape of a cold chisel. It's in the composition Similar to the fertilizer mandrel described above, except that magnesia is used instead of asbestos. The magnesia reacts with phosphoric acid to form a binder. The source of nitrogen is a water-soluble one Urea formaldehyde resin introduced, known under the Trade name "Urea-Form". The desired conical shape is achieved by extrusion. In some ways solidified The mass builds up so quickly after mixing together phosphoric acid and magnesia that it's worth hammering in or driving in the required environment is not possible is as necessary for an economical production on a large scale. Furthermore, the disadvantage part has to be taken into account, that the product has a large proportion of non-fertilizing substances, such as ground Coke (U.S. Patent 3,647,416).

It has also been suggested many times to fertilize products with the help of intricate and expensive supports drive into the ground. For example, for one

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Fertilizer pile a protective blanket and a rigid cap has been proposed (U.S. Patent 3,502-4,558). You also have one Support for a cylindrical fertilizer product in proposal brought to the indentation of the fertilizer product to ease into the ground with the sweetness. Such a fertilizer stick has the disadvantage that it only has a special device can be brought into the ground (US Pat. No. 3,290,821).

The invention is based on the object of providing a fertilizer mandrel as specified in the preamble of the main claim Art to create, which from relatively cheap and in sufficient measure available Material and is easy and simple to manufacture, a long shelf life and such mechanical strength as well as having such an impact resistance that it is driven into harder soil without damage without supporting aids, high fertilizer values and such a solubility being guaranteed are that the fertilizer values are maintained over the entire service life of at least one year in which the fertilization evenly and at the desired slow speed.

This task is the same as in the identifying part of the main claim specified features solved. Beneficial Further developments of the fertilizer mandrel according to the invention are characterized in claims 2 to 5.

The fertilizer mandrel according to the invention can produced in a simple and easy manner by the method according to claim 6. Advantageous embodiments of this Process are characterized in claims 7 Όη <1 8.

First, a non-chartered or "green" Fertilizing.tteldorn made from materials such as which are suitable as HPK sources and are preferably not in fiber form, and made of a resin binder, which substances are all available in sufficient quantities, are relatively cheap and easy to interact with can be mixed and briquetted to a "green" mandrel, which is sufficient for crumbling-free handling Has strength and relatively at room temperature can be cured in a short time. The hardened fertilizer mandrel is cheap to manufacture and easy to transport, has a good, especially a long shelf life and does not break easily, but is on the contrary hard and massive, so that it can be driven or hammered into a harder ground without breaking or crumble or suffer any other damage. It then provides adequate plant nutrients, via the entire service life of at least one year evenly and at the desired low speed.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing, for example, the single figure of which shows the manufacture of fertilizer mandrels illustrated schematically.

A mixture of substances with the following composition is used to produce fertilizer spikes with a content of 16.0 units of nitrogen, 8.0 units of Pp ^{0 S and 8.0 units of KjO:}

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Components

nutrient

Weight (kg)

A. Fertilizers ^ /

1. IT ammonium sulfate

2. IT urea ο rm ² ^

J. IT, PoQr - Diammoniuu ^ phosphate

4. KgO - potassium chloride

(21 -0-0 (38 -0-0 (18 -46 - 0 (0-0 -62

25.0 4.9

9.3

B. Additives

5 ilicronutrients 3) 6. Pigments ^ O

1.0 0.05

G. Resin binder ■ " 7 · urea formaldehyde resin

(0-0-0)

D. Moisture 8. H ₂ O

0.0-0.8

1) 20 - lie sh.

2) "üramite" from DUPOKT or "38" from BOEDEIT or "ITitro-form" by HERCÜLES.

3) fritted trace elements, for example from FEEEO COEP.

4) For example yellow or blue dye from DuPOl ^ T.

5) 200 - Kesh.

6) "ΙΠί ^Λ -71" from HOITSAHTO for example.

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The main fertilizer components A 1 to 4 and the Additives B 5 and B 6 are placed in a mixer 1 in order to be mixed when passing through to a homogeneous cash register will. The resin binder G 7 and optionally water D 8 can be added to mixer 1 at any suitable point will. According to the drawing, these components are added after the other components have already been added have been partially meshed with each other. Preferably The nutrient supplying materials and the binder are mixed together until the particles of nutrients supplying materials are covered with the binding agent and then placed in the E-Orm cavity of a briquetting machine 2 to become.

In the briquetting machine 2, a certain amount of the homogeneous Ge-Biisch coming from the mixer 1 is in each case compressed to a solid, "green" fertilizer mandrel 3, which is preferably a pointed and a blunt Has end 4 and 5 respectively. This mandrel is then hardened, which can happen at room temperature for a period of a day. The hardening temperature can be increased to shorten the curing time.

After hardening, a hard, stiff mandrel 3 'bit with such a high mechanical strength results and such a high impact resistance that it can be hit with a steel head hammer can also be hammered into harder ground without breaking or crumbling of parts or other damage occurs, in particular no visible damage.

BATH ORIGINAL

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The mandrel 3 or 3 ¹ can be immersed with its blunt end 5 in a resin solution contained in a container 6, which solidifies after being applied to the mandrel to form a cap which has sufficient impact resistance to allow repeated striking with a steel head hammer to withstand when the capped spike is hammered into hard ground. The cap therefore causes an additional increase in the impact resistance of the ready-to-use dome. If desired, a detachable and optionally reusable cap can be used.

The quantities of HPK components specified above must be not necessarily with percentages of 16: 8; 8 but can be, for example, in percentages of 8: ^: 4, 5: 5! 5 or 15: 5! 5 are available, depending on the requirements to be met or the intended use. The higher concentrations of nutrients are preferred, if, for example, the number required per tree should be kept low by thorns.

Likewise, the above nutrient supplying materials can be replaced by other known KPK supplying materials Materials are partially or fully replaced, for example as follows:

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N - urea 46-0-0

Ammonium nitrate (MH ₄ NO-,) 35-0-0

Monoammonium phosphate I3 -52 - 0

P - monoammonium phosphate I3 -52 - 0

Triple superphosphate 0 -46 - 0

Normal superphosphate 0 -21 - 0

E - Ealiumsulphat (E ₂ SO ₄ ) 0-0 -48

Secondary nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur, which are variously different from one another Plants needed in large quantities can also be added 'if desired or considered necessary, but they are usually sufficiently available in the soil. The micronutrients are added in such a way that the desired trace elements are present in the respectively desired amount. Materials can be selected which have at least one iron, Zupfer, manganese, barium, zinc and / or Contain molybdenum supplying component.

The addition of pigments only serves to achieve this the desired thorn color.

A urea-formaldehyde compound is used as the binder used, which is said to result in a relatively insoluble structure. So this binder is not thought to contribute significantly to the N-nutrient. Only as much binder should be used as required to achieve the required mechanical strength. The one known under the trade name "TJF-7I" Binder has a urea-formaldehyde ratio of about 1.00: 1.38 to about 1.00: 1.80.

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With this or an equivalent, thermosetting resin binder, a mixture of 7 to 10 % binder and 93 to 90% HPK materials with not more than 50 % free moisture can be briquetted to a "green" mandrel of very satisfactory strength. The addition of water to the dry ingredients can be reduced to a minimum by heating the mixture of binder and HPK materials to a temperature at which the binder flows and hardening is accelerated. In the case of the binder known under the trade name "üF-71", this temperature can be around 82 ° C.

If the free moisture content of the homogeneous mixture placed in the briquetting machine 2 is between 2.0 and 5 * 0% 5, subsequent water evaporation is not necessary. The mandrels produced in this way can easily be removed from the molds. Each mandrel is so clean that there are no cleaning difficulties. It cures satisfactorily when exposed to an atmosphere with a temperature of 21 ° C and 60 % relative humidity for a day. The curing time can be shortened if it is heated, for example in an oven. The heating can also take place by thermal radiation or by dielectric means.

The hardening of the binder known under the trade name "ÜF-71" or equivalent in the atmosphere is 1. by a free moisture content of 2.0 to 5.0 7 °, 2. a slight pH value from fall, caused by certain acidic components in the handheld computer Iiaterialien _r, 3 · by adding small amounts of catalyst such as ammonium chloride, and 4. facilitated by the development of frictional heat during the Dornpressens.

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- 10 - 9 ^ r?

In the ones used to make the "green" dome 3 Materials, water should be available to obtain strong, atmospheric hardened product of good consistency. The primary fertilizer ingredients or components and the binder of the mixture of the preferred above Composition are hygroscopic. As a result, absorb They then, when exposed to humid weather conditions, get enough water from the atmosphere to initially absorb the Production of a "green", hardenable dome 3 good ones Allow strength. The dry materials, i.e. the binder and fertilizer components, become noticeable drained, then additional water should be added while mixing be added to ensure effective binding. In such a pail there is an addition of water between 1.5 i ^ iid 2.5 wt. 5ö based on the weight of the in the Briquetting machine 2 given mixture to propose.

An evenly hard, stiff fertilizer product with a shape, mechanical strength and impact resistance such that it is hammered into the ground without a bracket without significant breaks occurring and which has an essentially homogeneous composition, as well as consists essentially of non-fibrous particles and has NPK nutrient-supplying materials which are bound together by a substantially water-insoluble, cured, thermosetting resin binder can be produced by a process in which HPK nutrients supplying materials and a non-hardened, thermosetting Resin such as urea formaldehyde with each other mixed, for example in a pan mill, until a substantially homogeneous mixture of particles of KPK nutrients supplying material, which with uncured, thermosetting resin are covered, results whereupon the mixture becomes a briquette with a blunt and

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a pointed end is compressed, on which with a Hammer hit or which can be driven into the ground, resulting in a hardening of the thermosetting Resin into a substantially water-insoluble thermoset Resin connects.

Surprisingly, the "green", compressed product or briquette has sufficient strength to ejected from the molds, handled and before after hardening to be able to be packed without crumbling.

A granular resin binder is preferably used and added to or mixed with the fertilizer components prior to briquetting. However, it may also be a liquid resin binder are used in such a manner that a satisfactory distribution, is preferably ensured in the entire mandrel mass, further, a sufficient, but relatively small amount, for example 5 to 15 wt.% Is retained in the mandrel.

If a liquid binding agent is used, the quality of the mandrels produced with it can thereby be improved that the binding agent is evenly distributed over the surface of the dry nutrient particles, for example in a pan mill. Many have liquid binders however, undesirable properties, i.e. contain either Water or some other solvent that has to be evaporated and only polymerize at elevated temperatures.

The fertilizer components and the granular binder preferably have a particle size distribution of 20 or 200 mesh. However, other particle size distributions can also be used, as required.

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Claims (8)

Expectations 11. / Fertilizer spike, which can be hammered into the ground ft and IPK nutrient-supplying materials, thereby characterized in that these materials are evenly distributed and hardened by a water-insoluble thermosetting resin binder are bound. 2. Fertilizer mandrel according to claim 1, characterized in that ureaforaldehyde resin is present as the binder. 3. fertilizer mandrel according to claim 2, characterized in that the resin of formaldehyde and urea with a ratio from about 1.38 to about 1.8 d'onaaldehyde to 1 Urea is made. 4. Fertilizer mandrel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mandrel (3 ¹ ) consists of a mixture with 90 or 93% by weight of NPK-containing materials and 7 to 10% by weight of binding agent Mixture) is produced. 5 · fertilizer mandrel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the HPK nutrient-supplying materials are in granular form. 6. Process for the production of the fertilizer mandrel according to a of the preceding claims, characterized in that the HPK nutrients supplying materials and the binding agent are mixed together homogeneously, whereupon the mixture is briquetted under the action of pressure to form a "green" mandrel (3), after which the binder is cured. 5Q3S25 / 7. "Verfaliren according to claim 6, wherein urea ο rm aid ehydli ar ζ is used as a binder, characterized in that a powdered urea-formaldehyde resin with the EPK nutrients supplying materials is mixed. 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7? with pithy MPK-I nutrients supplying materials are used, characterized in that the mixing in a pan mill as long as is carried out until the grains of NPK nutrients supplying materials are covered with binding agent. 5Q3325 / 0SQS Blank page