DE2361834A1 - Boiler plant with fresh air shaft - has opening to atmosphere in region of opening of flue gas shaft at chimney top - Google Patents

Abstract

Boiler plant has a fresh air shaft supplying combustion air to the boiler, to which is connected a flue gas shaft; both shafts open into the atmos. The fresh air shaft opens into the atmosphere in the region of the opening of the flue gas shaft. Preferably the boiler end of the fresh air shaft is connected to the boiler, which is heated by a liquid fuel or gas burner; the boiler end of the fresh air shaft is connected to a combustion air inlet of the burner. The boiler is in a closed space, into which opens the boiler end of the fresh air shaft. The optimum burner setting is as effective as possible under all operating conditions.

Description

"Heat generation system and shaft component as well as viewing shaft for this"

The invention relates to a heat generation system Boiler, supplying the combustion air to one of the boilers-r the fresh air shaft and one connected to the boiler Exhaust shaft, with both the Prischluftschäeht and the Exhaust duct open into the atmosphere as well as a duct component

'and a shaft for it. . '■, -

With conventional heat generation systems, the boiler sucks, its combustion air from the environment in which it is installed; is, for example, a Helzraura located in a basement. Such a boiler room usually has some openings, through which the combustion air can flow in.

It is already known (DT-Gbm 7 227 557) _; to design a ventilation pipe for a heating system in three dimensions. In the case of this'"training, the exhaust duct and a vent duct concentric to it for the boiler room open into the atmosphere in one plane, while the mouth of the

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central fresh air shaft also above the building roof but a substantial part below the mentioned opening level of the exhaust duct and the ventilation duct lies. ·. '"

If you look at the training of Heat generation systems or with the ventilation pipe according to the DT-Gbm 7 227 537, for example due to wind influences or The draft conditions of the flue gas duct change due to temperature changes, fresh air is supplied to the boiler and flue gas discharge no longer optimally coordinated.

The invention is based on the object of providing a heat generation system to develop the type mentioned at the beginning, that an optimal burner setting once found As largely effective as possible under all operating conditions remain.

To solve this problem is in a generic heat generation system it is provided that the fresh air duct opens into the atmosphere in the area of the exhaust duct mouth.

This ensures that fresh air inlet and exhaust gas outlet lie in the same flow field and thus due to wind influences Changes in pressure generated are distributed evenly to the fresh air shaft and affect the exhaust duct. The same applies to train improvements or deteriorations due to changes in the Ambient temperature. If, for example, due to high wind

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velocities the pressure at the mouth of the exhaust shaft decreases; the outflow of the "exhaust gas is facilitated, the inflow of combustion air - J ^ dO eft- ^ Ws e1iwer% y ^; " so 'ciäß - ■■ eln'e-' -ö schadstoffaipe: setting of the _t , boiler: beihehal ^ n, bleJLfet _; «; pie, ^; The heat generation system always works with almost the same pressure difference between the fresh air inlet and the exhaust gas outlet ;; '"·.

A further advantage of the invention deV training Ainet ¹ Warmeerzeugungs'aniage actual a * improvement in efficiency, as is preheated to einen'die Verbfennungsluft before it flows into the boiler, and second, the budget and thus auch'im regard AiAF efficiency advantageous burner setting continuously ⁷ is used. .

A particularly simple design of the heat generation system. provides that the boiler-side end of the air shaft simply opens into the boiler room, from which the boiler can then suck in its combustion air. However, this presupposes that the boiler room is at least approximately airtight, that is, it would be designed as possible without openings and only with a tightly closing door. According to an advantageous development of the invention, the boiler-side end of the ^can: fresh air duct to the boiler, for example by means of a pipe or hose sufficient cross-section, connect. In this way there is no need for a tight boiler room.

In the case of heat generation systems whose boilers are powered by a burner for liquid fuel or a burner for gas. are heated. '"· is preferably the boiler-side end of the PrischluftschachtBs

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connected to a combustion air inlet of the burner. Such .Check connection-can ^ See baulicbr relative -just perform because Brenner'für liquid; Brennstörfe>Dder'Br6nner · for 'gas' combustion air in .General over eiiie-defined Ansaugöffnüng ^ suck''-' - "'^ ---- ■ "' · - ' ^: ^ ■■ =' - - ■ - '-' ^ - '"■' ■ >. · ^ '^'-'- ^ - ■ - · ■ ■ - · - · ■ ■ · - ■ ■■■■■

The heat generation system is preferably designed in such a way that the exhaust shaft and the,: jPrischluftscnacht ^ ln, known per se -; Way run coaxially. In this way .a ergibt.sich, gleiclimäßige thermal expansion of the shaft ^ Total ,, the; 'deri Abgassohacht _and: de.n-, · ._ .. Prischluftschacht demonstration p .. In certain Anwendüngsfällen however, the exhaust stack and the Prischluftschacht may well also side by side or also completely separated from each other. be. A juxtaposition and in particular a coaxial guidance of the exhaust duct and fresh air duct result in the advantage that the supply air flowing through the fresh air duct for. the boiler is preheated by the drain of the boiler flowing in the flue gas duct. Apart from 'the optimal burner setting, this particularly results in an increase in the efficiency of the heat generation system. . . . ·. ,. ■

If the exhaust duct and fresh air duct run coaxially the exhaust duct is preferably provided inside one another. When the heat generation system is designed with a shaft. which together the exhaust duct inside and coaxially immediately the. Fresh air shaft, contains, can be ■ ·

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the climate of rooms, which at the ßesamtschaeh | adjoin, ■ beneficial "influence, since only low wall surface tem- - / ν temperatures occur. The latter "also applies to the fresh air steamer Surface of an overall shaft that makes up the Äfegas shaft and contains the fresh air shaft side by side.

There is an advantageous embodiment of the common shaft in that the fresh air shaft has an annular, preferably;

(DT-Gbra 72 27.557) · ■ : ^ \ ':' - '' \ - ■ '.'-.

has a known / circular, cross-section.

Such a common "shaft" is particularly easy to produce and can, for example, also be constructed in a radially symmetrical manner overall. '"-" -. ""'': ·. - ■ -'-'■;

Regardless of the mutual assignment of the exhaust shaft and the fresh air shaft are routed, "is preferred provided that the exhaust duct and the fresh air duct discharge coaxially into the atmosphere. This training offers; äen Advantage that the flow conditions in the area of the exhaust duct lining and the mouth of the fresh air shaft to a particular extent of the. prevailing wind direction. :

Particularly simple is a design of the two viewing areas, in which the exhaust duct and the fresh air duct open into the atmosphere in one plane. On the other hand, however, a ^: Re-aspiration of boiler exhaust gases flowing out of the exhaust duct into the fresh air duct can be reported particularly reliably in that the exhaust duct is a short distance above the fresh air duct.

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The shaft empties into the atmosphere, the length of the specified "Shorten the piece" should be chosen so that the exhaust shaft mouth and the fresh air shaft opening into the atmosphere are in the same flow field. For example, the Ventilation pipe according to DT-Gbm 7 227 557 these mouths generally not in the same flow field as the fresh air shaft mouth arranged relatively close above the building roof and therefore aerodynamically dependent on the reddening ratio of the building roof is affected.

A favorable development of the invention provides that the fresh air shaft opens into the atmosphere via openings extend radially to the exhaust duct. In this solution, on the one hand, exhaust gas is sucked back into the fresh air shaft avoided in an elegant way] on the other hand, especially in the case of the preferred radially symmetrical arrangement of the openings, the according to the invention intended puncture of the atmospheric side The end of the chimney is given regardless of the direction of flow.

In certain applications, a collecting device is preferred provided, which collects condensates formed in the exhaust duct. Such a collecting device is in particular then This is advantageous if a comparatively considerable preheating of the fresh air with corresponding cooling of the exhaust gas is sought will.

The duct having the fresh air duct and the exhaust duct the heat generation system according to the invention is preferably off

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- Ί -

Manhole components built up. ima. to assemble the '' building block "see; ^. on the other hand ::: isfr however also a: construction from. a single · .chach tbajuteil,:. that. either: prefabricated ..1st, or -an Vder; construction parts, is · produced ^ mpgli.chi:.. /Di.e in. .the on--: .. '.. sprüehen IU to -18 marked ■ further developments of the invention are intended to all this.' , alluded to possibilities refer to ..- '":

A particularly "favorable" shaft component in terms of the construction costs is characterized in that an intermediate wall is provided within an outer wall of the shaft component that is closed all round, which separates the fresh air duct from the exhaust duct - .--. it stands 'however =, - that ^; ^', for example, in the case of a subsequent retrofitting of an already existing heat generation system; on the inventive design of the fresh air supply - separate shafts are also possible; which only come together in the area of the exhaust shaft .. ■ ".- ... . .

A design of the shaft component is preferred in which the intermediate wall is designed as a wall that is coaxial with the outer wall and is closed all round, and the annular space between the outer wall and the intermediate wall is provided as the fresh air shaft. With this training the advantages of a low external. · wall temperature of the common shaft, a preheating of the. Fresh air and a comparatively low heat loss of the Exhaust gases achieved particularly elegantly at the same time.

Preferably both the. Outer wall as well as the intermediate

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wall of the manhole component designed as load-bearing walls. One can however, only carry out the outer wall and provide the partition wall as a relatively thin, non-load-bearing wall.

Preferred materials for the outer wall are heavy concrete, lightweight concrete or concrete lined with fireclay on the inside, while fireclay is preferably provided for the partition wall. An intermediate wall made of sheet metal and an entire manhole component, that is to say an outer wall and intermediate wall, made of sheet metal, can also be used

be favorable for appropriate applications.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a manhole component is created, that as an end piece on a shaft of a heat generation plant according to one of claims 1 to -Γ5 can be attached. This shaft component is characterized in that in the shaft component a first one which continues the exhaust shaft Flow channel and a second flow channel are provided, which continues the fresh air duct and is used as the exhaust duct

giving ring channel opens into the atmosphere. This manhole component thus creates the transition from any position of the exhaust duct and the air duct to each other zu.der favorable coaxial outlet of the fresh air shaft relative to the exhaust shaft. This is particularly common in practice be the case that the two flow channels "at the shaft facing end of the shaft component are next to each other and that the second flow channel with flow-favorable shape merges into the ring channel.

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The entire shaft for the heat generation system according to the invention becomes especially when the point of preheating the fresh air is considered particularly essential, designed in such a way that the heat transfer of the partition along the shaft changes. For example, the heat transfer the partition wall in the lower area of the shaft, that is comparatively close to "the boiler, relatively well developed, while in. upper area of the shaft of the heat transfer is chosen worse, in order to avoid excessive heat losses of the exhaust gas to avoid fresh air.

Above, in particular, prefabricated components have been implemented Manhole components exposed. It should be noted, however, that the entire shaft, especially in the attic warehousing facilities housed in buildings, can be designed as a prefabricated component. Especially in the latter. Housing the heat generation system can be in extreme cases even the entire heat generation system as a prefabricated system or as a kit made of prefabricated ones that can be coordinated with one another Form components of the type described above.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic representations of several exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an inventive

according to the trained heat generation system 2 shows a cross section through an overall shaft which contains an exhaust gas shaft and a Frisehluftschacht;

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Pig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the atmosphere-side end of a

Total shaft;
Fig. 4 - also a longitudinal section through the atmosphere-side end of an overall shaft in a modified embodiment

leadership style;
5 shows a longitudinal section through the atmosphere-side end of an overall shaft in a further embodiment, with a shaft component as an end piece on the overall shaft of

Heat generating system is put on j and Fig. 6 - a longitudinal section through the atmosphere-side end of a Overall shaft in a further embodiment with an additional shield between the exhaust outlet and the fresh air intake.

In Pig. 1 illustrated embodiment of the invention a boiler 2 is set up in a space 6 which is essentially sealed off in a gas-tight manner. The room 6 can not be through one Enter the tightly closing door shown in more detail. The boiler 2 is fired by a burner 4, for example an oil burner.

The burner 4 sucks in its combustion air from the room 6. Of the Room 6 is connected to the atmosphere via a fresh air duct 42. The boiler exhaust gases are discharged via an exhaust duct 40 released to the environment.

The fresh air duct 42 and the exhaust duct 40 are in a common Chute 8 guided coaxially, the exhaust gas chute 4o, which is circular in cross section, differs from the exhaust gas chute 4o which is circular in cross section Fresh air shaft 42 is surrounded. The fresh air shaft 42 is separated from the exhaust duct 4o by an intermediate wall 12; between the fresh air shaft and the surrounding atmosphere

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- ■ '- ■■■ - ~. ■ - Ii - '■ _

there is an outer wall 10 of the overall structure.

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At the top, the atmosphere-side end of the Gesamtschaehtes 8 of Frischluftschdcht opens a 42über shaped in the Braüfsieht fcreisring- ^:: fresh air shaft opening 22 into the atmosphere, while a 'circular in plan view is provided Abgassehacht.müQdung 20th The fresh air duct mouth 22 and the exhaust gas mouth. 20 are iri. one level.

Fig ».. 2 shows a cross section through an overall shaft 8, where it is ehtwederriiiii a continuous shaft or around a 'composed of several prefabricated Sehacht components Shaft is: The outer wall 10 of the shaft has square outer outline in cross-section and consists of one outer concrete layer 14, on whose circular inner contour a. Fireclay lining 16 is attached. The intermediate wall 12 between the fresh air duct 42, which is circular in cross section and the inside running, in cross-section circular Äbgasschaeht. 40 is also made of chamotte. The partition 12 can either be designed to be load-bearing or supported by suitable fastening elements on the outer wall 10.

In the case of a shaft 8 manufactured at the place of use, the outer wall 10 can also be constructed in masonry with or without a fireclay lining. ^: '

In Fig. 3 another possibility is shown how 'the atmo-' spärenseltige end of the overall look can be formed according to the invention. In this embodiment, the partition wall] is 2ein pulled out a short distance over the exhaust shaft opening 22, so that the fresh air duct mouth 20 slightly above the Exhaust duct junction 22 is located. The exhaust duct 40 and the fresh

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air shaft 42 have the same cross-sectional shape as that in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment,

IhFJg.4 shows another possibility, like the one on the atmospheric side End of the overall shaft 8 designed according to the invention can be. The fresh air duct surrounding the exhaust duct 40 coaxially 42 is completed above. Fresh air is drawn in through several radial openings a short distance below the circular exhaust shaft mouth 20. Several, radially symmetrical Openings 24 which are aligned with the shaft axis and which are provided in the outer wall 10 together form the fresh air shaft mouth 22.

It should be pointed out that the configurations shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 can be ends of a shaft 8 fabricated at the manufacturing site or ends of prefabricated shaft components that are placed on the upper end of the overall shaft 8.

In Fig. 5, a shaft component 30 is shown, which as an end piece is placed on a Gesaratschacht 8, which the exhaust duct 4o and the fresh air duct 42 in an arrangement next to one another contains. The exhaust duct .40 and the fresh air duct 42 can each have a round or, for example, rectangular Be formed cross-section. The partition 12 is located between them.

The end duct component 30 contains a first, the exhaust duct flow channel 44 continuing in a straight line and also one

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second flow channel 46 continuing fresh air shaft 42, This second flow channel 46 essentially has the shape of a circular cylindrical gap of sufficient width and is in the area which is connected to the fresh air duct 42 -. connected, provided with an extension 34. The circular cylindrical The gap is closed at the bottom in the areas that do not adjoin the fresh air shaft 42 by the mortar joint 32, with which the end shaft component 30 rests on the overall surface 8 is placed on top.

On the side of the exhaust duct free from the fresh air duct 42 40, the outer wall 10 of the overall shaft 8 is made so thick that it is approximately the total thickness of the outer wall 10, gap width a and intermediate wall 12 of the shaft component 30 corresponds. As a result, the described simple closure of the second flow channel 46 in areas that are not the production of a Serve connection to the fresh air shaft 42, possible. The above-described extension 34 of the second flow channel 46 in FIG the area that serves to connect to the fresh air shaft 42 is shown in the form of a simple, right-angled step shown. Of course, any shaped rounding is possible at this point and it is more aerodynamic. at But simpler flow conditions can also be achieved with the level shown in the drawing can already get by.

The first flow channel 44 continuing the exhaust duct 40 opens out via the exhaust _{duct mouth 20 y} and the second flow duct continuing the fresh air duct 42 opens out via the

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Fresh air shaft opening 22 into the atmosphere. The fresh air duct mouth 22 surrounds the exhaust duct mouth 20 coaxially and lies in one plane with it. In the top view, the mouth arrangement can, for example, again be circular or circular ring-shaped, or else the. Have the shape of a rectangle with a rectangle circumscribing it.

The invention therefore gives the possibility of designing a heat generation system as a completely closed, fireproof unit, as was explained in more detail in particular in connection with FIG. 1. This enables the accommodation of heat generation systems at. from the point of view of fire safety ■ critical position in buildings as well as in the attic or relieved.

In all of the embodiments of the invention described in more detail, no additional thermal insulation of the overall shaft 8 was provided; It is understood, however, that such insulation, for example between the concrete layer 14 and the firebrick lining _l6 according to FIG. 2 without further ado within the scope of the invention can also be provided.

In the embodiment of the atmosphere shown in FIG On the side end of the Gesamtscha.ch.tes 8 is the exhaust duct 40, which is circular in cross-section, from the circular-ring-shaped in cross-section Fresh air shaft 42 surrounded. The partition wall 12 is as. bearing Wall, for example made of Eeton or concrete with an inner Fireclay lining, formed while the outer wall. 10 of the shaft 8 consist, for example, of sheet metal and not by means of «The fastening elements shown are carried by the intermediate wall 12 can be.

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A short distance below the circular exhaust duct junction 20 extends a circular baffle 50 which is attached to the outside with a cylindrical hub-like fastening part 52 at the upper end of the exhaust duct 40. The fastening part 52 and the guide surface 50 are formed in one piece; and . consist for example of sheet metal. ■, .... ... _; .. .. · - ..

The "upper end of the outer wall 10 of the overall shaft 8 lies, from the bottom on the guide surface 50. The air is sucked in via sieve-like openings 26, which are provided radially in the axially upper area of the outer wall. It is a - . Larger number of openings 2.6, which are regularly distributed over the circumference of the outer wall 10. "■

In this embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 6, a re-suction of exhaust gas emerging from the exhaust shaft mouth 20 into the fresh air shaft mouth 22 is particularly reliably avoided, since exhaust gas vortices, which are particularly formed at the edge of the exhaust shaft mouth 20 in stronger winds, are caused by the guide surface 5Ό on it are prevented from continuing to the Frisehluftschachtmacht opening 22. In addition, the guide surface 50 serving as a shield also forms an upper cover for the fresh air shaft 42. - ■ <■

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Claims (24)

Expectations: 1. Heat generation plant rait a boiler, a boiler the combustion air supplying fresh air duct and a flue gas duct connected to the boiler, with both the fresh air duct as well as the exhaust duct into the atmosphere flow out, characterized in that the fresh air duct (42) is in the area of the exhaust duct mouth (20) discharges into the atmosphere (at 22). 2. Heat generating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler-side end of the fresh air shaft (42) to the Boiler (2) is connected. 3 · heat generating system according to claim 2, wherein the boiler by a burner for liquid. Fuel or a burner for gas is heated, characterized in that the boiler-side The end of the fresh air shaft is connected to a combustion air inlet of the burner. 4. Heat generating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler (2) in an enclosed space (6) is arranged in which the boiler-side end of the fresh air * Shaft (42) opens. 5. Heat generating system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the exhaust duct (40) and the fresh 509825/0123 air shaft (42) run coaxially in a manner known per se. 6. Heat generation system according to claim 5 »marked thereby- ' net that the exhaust duct (40) runs inside. · 7. Heat generating plant according to claim 6, characterized in that that the fresh air shaft (42) has an annular, preferably a known circular cross-section . ■. . 8. Heat generating system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the exhaust duct (40) and the fresh air duct (42) open coaxially into the atmosphere. 9. Heat generating system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized that the Äbgasschacht (4o) and the Fri'schluftschacht (42) open into the atmosphere in one plane. 10. Heat generating plant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that the exhaust duct (40) a short distance above the fresh air duct opening (22) into the atmosphere flows out. 11. Heat generating system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fresh air shaft (42) opens into the atmosphere via openings (24), which opens radially towards the Extend the exhaust duct (40). 509825/0123 12. Heat generating system according to claim 11, characterized in that that the openings (24) are arranged radially symmetrically. .13. Heat generation system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by a shield (50) between the exhaust duct mouth (20) and the mouth of the air duct (22), 14. Heat generating system according to claim 13, characterized in that (10) shows that the shield is designed as a guide surface. 15. Heat generation plant naoh one of claims 1 "to 14, characterized by a collecting device in the exhaust duct accumulates condensates formed. 16. Shaft component for a heat generation system after a of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that within an all-round closed outer wall (10) of the visual component an intermediate wall (12) is provided which separates the fresh air duct (42) from the exhaust duct (4o). 17. Manhole component according to claim l6, characterized in that that the intermediate wall (12) is designed as a wall that is coaxial with the outer wall and is closed all around ■ and the annular space between the outer wall and the partition is provided as the fresh air duct (42). '- 18. Manhole component according to claim l6 or 17, characterized in that that both the outer wall (10) and the intermediate ■ wall (12) are designed as load-bearing walls. S0982S / 0123 19. ■ Sight component according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized characterized in that the outer wall (10) is made of heavy concrete, lightweight concrete or concrete lined with fireclay on the inside exists, - - ■ .-. "..". "." ... 20. Manhole component according to one of claims l6 to 19, characterized characterized in that the partition (12) consists of fireclay. 21. Manhole component according to one of claims ΐβ to 20, characterized characterized in that the · shaft component axially on one or both sides can be connected to adjacent Schaohtbauteile '. 2 2. Manhole component, in particular according to one of claims 1 6 to ' 20, which can be placed as an end piece on a viewing shaft of a heat generation system according to one of claims 1 to 13, thereby characterized in that in the shaft component (j50) a first, the Exhaust duct (40) continuing flow channel (44) and a second flow channel (46) are provided, which the Prischluftschacht (42) continues and opens into the atmosphere as an annular channel surrounding the exhaust duct (at 22). 23. Manhole component according to claim 22, characterized in that the two flow channels (44, 46) on the one facing the shaft (8) End of the shaft component (30) lie next to each other and that the second flow channel (46) merges into the annular channel with a streamlined shape. 509825/0123 24. Shaft for a heat generation system according to one of the claims 1 to 15, in particular with manhole components according to a * of claims Io to 23, characterized in that the Heat transfer of the partition (12) along the shaft (8) changes. 503825/0123 Blank page