DE2348913A1 - LIGHTING DEVICE - Google Patents
LIGHTING DEVICEInfo
- Publication number
- DE2348913A1 DE2348913A1 DE19732348913 DE2348913A DE2348913A1 DE 2348913 A1 DE2348913 A1 DE 2348913A1 DE 19732348913 DE19732348913 DE 19732348913 DE 2348913 A DE2348913 A DE 2348913A DE 2348913 A1 DE2348913 A1 DE 2348913A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- light
- reflector
- angle
- lighting device
- diffuser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/06—Optical design with parabolic curvature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/25—Projection lenses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/25—Projection lenses
- F21S41/275—Lens surfaces, e.g. coatings or surface structures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/28—Cover glass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/285—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S41/24 - F21S41/2805
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/321—Optical layout thereof the reflector being a surface of revolution or a planar surface, e.g. truncated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
- F21S41/331—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of complete annular areas
- F21S41/333—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of complete annular areas with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
- F21S41/334—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors
- F21S41/335—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors with continuity at the junction between adjacent areas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
- F21S41/334—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors
- F21S41/336—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/162—Incandescent light sources, e.g. filament or halogen lamps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
- F21W2102/30—Fog lights
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
Description
PatentanwältePatent attorneys
Dipl. Ing. F. Weickmann,
Dipl Inr.·-.'.-ii' 'Wi-, [:ir.!.Phy?. Or, K. Fincke
«p|.lna.f./..f.-3ii.!t:--^:-"-:A-le«n.B.Huber
Ü München 27. Möhlstr. 22Dipl. Ing.F. Weickmann,
Dipl Inr. · -.'.- ii '' Wi-, [: ir.!. Phy ?. Or, K. Fincke "p | .lna.f ./ .. f.-3ii.! T: - ^ : -" - : A- l e " n .B. Huber Ü Munich 27. Möhlstr. 22
DÜCELLIER et Die.DÜCELLIER et Die.
23, Rue Alexandre-Dumas23, rue Alexandre-Dumas
P-75 Paris XIeP-75 Paris XIe
BeleuchtungsvorrichtungLighting device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, bestehend aus einem Scheinwerfer mit einer Lichtquelle, einem Streuglas und einem Reflektor.The invention relates to a lighting device, in particular for motor vehicles, consisting of a headlight with a light source, a diffuser and a reflector.
Bei den bekannten Beleuchtungsvorrichtungen für Kraftfahrzeuge ist es bekannt, daß man zur Verbesserung der Verteilung des von den Scheinwerfern des Kraftfahrzeuges ausgesandten Lichtkegels Scheinwerferglaser verwendet, die mit Prismen oder mit Rillen unterschiedlicher Radien ausgestattet sind, wobei deren Ausgestaltung von der gewünschten Lichtverteilung entsprechend der Größe des herzustellenden Lichtkegels abhängt .In the known lighting devices for motor vehicles it is known that to improve the distribution of the emitted by the headlights of the motor vehicle Light cone used headlight glasses with prisms or are equipped with grooves of different radii, the design of which depends on the desired light distribution depends on the size of the light cone to be produced.
Die Größe des Lichtkegels ist selbstverständlich vom Ausgangs^ winkel des Lichtkegels abhängig, und bei klein dimensioniertenThe size of the light cone of course depends on the output ^ depending on the angle of the light cone, and with small dimensions
409818/0782 ;■409818/0782; ■
Scheinwerfern erreicht man maximal nur einen Winkel von>80°. Bei der Anwendung dieser Technik ersche.int es schwierig, den Radius der Rillen weiter zu vergrößern, um einen noch größeren Lichtkegel zu erzielen, was unbedingt für einen guten Wirkungsgrad der Scheinwerfer, insbesondere der Nebelscheinwerfer, notwendig ist, welche besonders eine maximale Strahlenverteilung bei einer gleichzeitig maximalen Lichtkonzentration erfordern.Headlights can only be reached at an angle of> 80 °. When using this technique, it seems difficult to increase the radius of the grooves even further To achieve a cone of light, which is essential for a good efficiency of the headlights, especially the fog lights, what is necessary is, in particular, a maximum beam distribution with a maximum light concentration at the same time require.
Die Erfindung bezweckt, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die diese Forderungen erfüllt und betrifft daher eine Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, bestehend aus einem Scheinwerfer mit einer Lichtquelle, einem Streuglas und einem Reflektor, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Reflektor von zwei Paraboloidteilen gebildet ist, deren Rotationsachsen zwischen sich einen bestimmten Winkel einschließen und sich in ihren Brennpunkten in einem Punkt schneiden, der auf der Achse des Reflektors liegt und annähernd mit dem Zentrum der Lichtquelle zusammenfällt.The invention aims to create a device that meets these requirements and therefore relates to a lighting device, in particular for motor vehicles, consisting of a headlight with a light source, a diffuser and a reflector, which is characterized in that the reflector is formed by two paraboloid parts, their axes of rotation enclose a certain angle between them and intersect at their focal points at a point which extends to the axis of the reflector and approximately coincides with the center of the light source.
Mit einem solchen Reflektor können zwei gerade und scharfe Lichtkegel erzielt werden, die nach ihrem Durchgang durch das streuglas des Scheinwerfers, welches mit Prismen oder Rillen versehen iet, in einen einheitlichen Lichtkegel umgewandelt werden, der eina gleichmäßige Verteilung und Lichtintensität mit einem Austrittswinkel von sehr großer öffnung bis zu 18O° aufweist, denn der Winkel der beiden Lichtkegel wird zu dem Verteilungswinkel hin^viadalcrx:, der durch die Rillen des Streuglases erzeugt wird.With such a reflector two straight and sharp cones of light can be achieved, which after their passage through the diffuser of the headlight, which has prisms or grooves can be converted into a uniform cone of light with a uniform distribution and light intensity with an exit angle of a very large opening of up to 180 °, because the angle of the two light cones is towards the angle of distribution ^ viadalcrx: that passes through the grooves of the scattering glass is generated.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausfüh-Further features, advantages and details of the invention emerge from the following description of an embodiment
4098 18/07824098 18/0782
SADSAD
rungsbeispiels anhand der Zeichnung. Darin zeigen:example based on the drawing. Show in it:
Fig.l einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine Beleuchtungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung, undFig.l shows a schematic longitudinal section through a lighting device according to the invention, and
Fig.2 und 3 den Verlauf, d.h. die "Isoluxkurve" eines Lichtkegels auf einem senkrechten Schirm, der vor der Beleuchtungsvorrichtung angeordnet ist, ohne bzw. mit dem Streuglas.2 and 3 show the course, i.e. the "isolux curve" of a Cone of light on a vertical screen, which is arranged in front of the lighting device, without or with the diffuser.
Die insgesamt mit dem Bezugszeichen 1 bezeichnete Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, die in der Fig.l dargestellt ist, weist in bekannter Weise eine Lichtquelle 2, ein Streuglas 3 und einen Reflektor 4 auf, auf dem das Streuglas 3 befestigt ist. Der Reflektor 4 der Beleuchtungsvorrichtung 1 wird gemäß der Erfindung und gemäß einem besonderen Ausführungsbeispiel von zwei Paraboloidteilen 5 und 6 gebildet, die miteinander mit an sich bekannten Mitteln derart verbunden sind, daß sie gegeneinander konvergieren, wobei ihre Rotationsachsen 5a bzw. 6a einen Winkel von 60° einschließen, sich in ihren Brennpunkten schneiden, wobei der Schnittpunkt auf der Achse 11 des Reflektors 4 liegt und wobei die Punkte mit dem Mittelpunkt 0 der Lichtquelle 2 zusammenfallen.The lighting device designated as a whole by the reference number 1, which is shown in Fig.l, has in a known manner a light source 2, a diffuser 3 and a Reflector 4 on which the diffuser 3 is attached. The reflector 4 of the lighting device 1 is according to the invention and formed according to a particular embodiment of two paraboloid parts 5 and 6, which with each other means known per se are connected in such a way that they converge against one another, their axes of rotation 5a and 5a, respectively. 6a enclose an angle of 60 °, intersect at their focal points, the point of intersection on the axis 11 of FIG Reflector 4 lies and wherein the points coincide with the center 0 of the light source 2.
Von dieser Vorrichtung gehen zwei gerade und scharf begrenzte Lichtkegel 5b und 6b aus, die zwischen sich einen Winkel einschließen, der demjenigen Winkel entspricht, der von den Achsen 5a und 6a gebildet wird, d.h., einen Winkel von 60°. Wenn die Lichtstrahlen der Lichtkegel 5b und 6b durch das Streuglas 3 hindurchtreten, welches mit Rillen 3a ausgestattet ist, dann erfolgt eine bestimmte Ablenkung infolge des Radius der Rillen 3a.From this device go out two straight and sharply delimited light cones 5b and 6b, which include an angle between them, which corresponds to the angle formed by the axes 5a and 6a, i.e. an angle of 60 °. if the light rays of the light cones 5b and 6b pass through the diffusing glass 3, which is equipped with grooves 3a, then a certain deflection occurs due to the radius of the grooves 3a.
A098 1 8/0782A098 1 8/0782
Bei dem ausgewählten Ausführungsbeispiel weisen die Rillen 3a des Streuglases 3 einen solchen Radius auf, daß eine maximale Ablenkung der Lichtstrahlen eines jeden Lichtkegels 5b und 6b erzielt wird. Die Ablenkung jedes Lichtkegels 5b und 6b hat einen Wert von annähernd 40°, der zu dem ursprünglichen Winkel dieser Lichtkegel hinzugezählt wird. Man erhält daher aufgrund einer Kombination eines solchen Reflektors 4 mit einem solchen Streuglas 3 einen einheitlichen Lichtkegel 9, der gleichmäßig verteilt ist und eine gleichmäßige Lichtintensität aufweist und sich über einen Winkel von 140 erstreckt, wobei sich der Winkel aus dem Winkel des Reflektors 4 plus dem durch die Rillen 3a des Streuglases 3 hervorgerufenen Ablenkungswinkel zusammensetzt. In the selected embodiment, the grooves 3 a of the scattering glass 3 have such a radius that a maximum Deflection of the light rays of each light cone 5b and 6b is achieved. The deflection of each light cone 5b and 6b has a value of approximately 40 °, which is added to the original angle of this light cone. One therefore obtains due to a combination of such a reflector 4 with such a diffuser 3 a uniform light cone 9, which is uniform is distributed and has a uniform light intensity and extends over an angle of 140, wherein the Angle composed of the angle of the reflector 4 plus the deflection angle caused by the grooves 3a of the diffusing glass 3.
Die Fig.2 und 3 zeigen Isoluxkurven, die entsprechend mit einer solchen Vorrichtung ohne Streuglas 3 und mit einer solchen Vorrichtung mit dem Streuglas 3 erzielbar sind und wobei die vorgenannten Vorteile sichtbar werden, insbesondere die Umwandlung der Lichtkegel 5b und 6b (siehe Fig.2) in einen einheitlichen Lichtkegel 9 (siehe Fig.3).The Fig.2 and 3 show Isolux curves corresponding with a such a device without a diffuser 3 and with such a device with the diffuser 3 can be achieved and wherein the The aforementioned advantages become visible, in particular the conversion of the light cones 5b and 6b (see FIG. 2) into a uniform one Light cone 9 (see Fig. 3).
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß der Reflektor aus zwei unterschiedlichen Paraboloidteilen zusammengesetzt ist, wenn der Platzbedarf dies erfordert, ohne daß die vorher erwähnten Vorteile dadurch verloren gehen.According to a further feature of the invention it can also be provided that the reflector consists of two different paraboloid parts is assembled, if the space requirement so requires, without the aforementioned advantages thereby lost walk.
409818/0782409818/0782
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7238022A FR2204778B3 (en) | 1972-10-26 | 1972-10-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2348913A1 true DE2348913A1 (en) | 1974-05-02 |
Family
ID=9106266
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19732348913 Pending DE2348913A1 (en) | 1972-10-26 | 1973-09-28 | LIGHTING DEVICE |
DE7335191U Expired DE7335191U (en) | 1972-10-26 | 1973-09-28 | LIGHTING DEVICE |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE7335191U Expired DE7335191U (en) | 1972-10-26 | 1973-09-28 | LIGHTING DEVICE |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE802979A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2348913A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES196602Y (en) |
FR (1) | FR2204778B3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1444597A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1003109B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3208741A1 (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-09-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Flasher light, in particular front flasher light, for motor vehicles |
DE3933411A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-18 | Daimler Benz Ag | Divided paraboloidal reflector for motor vehicle lamp - minimises central dark zone by direct transmission through Fresnel lens with peripheral reflection from inclined paraboloids |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4020080C2 (en) * | 1990-06-23 | 1998-10-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Reflector as part of a motor vehicle high beam headlight |
DE4103236A1 (en) * | 1991-02-02 | 1992-08-06 | Jenoptik Jena Gmbh | Illumination unit for copier, cine projector or projection lithography - uses extended light source in rotationally symmetrical reflector with prim. focal point and sec. focal turns in which shutter and refractive element are placed |
JP3168506B2 (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 2001-05-21 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | Vehicle lighting |
-
1972
- 1972-10-26 FR FR7238022A patent/FR2204778B3/fr not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-07-24 IT IT26957/73A patent/IT1003109B/en active
- 1973-07-30 BE BE134026A patent/BE802979A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-09-28 DE DE19732348913 patent/DE2348913A1/en active Pending
- 1973-09-28 DE DE7335191U patent/DE7335191U/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-22 ES ES1973196602U patent/ES196602Y/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-24 GB GB4949973A patent/GB1444597A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3208741A1 (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-09-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Flasher light, in particular front flasher light, for motor vehicles |
DE3933411A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-18 | Daimler Benz Ag | Divided paraboloidal reflector for motor vehicle lamp - minimises central dark zone by direct transmission through Fresnel lens with peripheral reflection from inclined paraboloids |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2204778A1 (en) | 1974-05-24 |
GB1444597A (en) | 1976-08-04 |
ES196602Y (en) | 1975-08-01 |
DE7335191U (en) | 1976-12-23 |
FR2204778B3 (en) | 1975-11-28 |
BE802979A (en) | 1973-11-16 |
IT1003109B (en) | 1976-06-10 |
ES196602U (en) | 1975-03-16 |
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