DE2348392A1 - Controller for automatic musical accompaniments - has tone signals and pulses selected by contact fields with or without contacts - Google Patents

Abstract

The controller fr automatic musical accompaniment appts has the selection for the tone signals required for base and chord formation and prodn. of further pulses, for instance to switch on the striker or accompaniment by means of contactless and/or contact correlating elements. Preferably the tone signals and pulses are determined from one or more suitable contact fields, in which the corresp. switches are fitted, for hand and/or foot operation. There may be several contact fields in parallel. Signals may be programmed and include sequences.

Description

The invention relates to an electronic

Control unit for music accompaniment machines , hereinafter referred to as "control unit" for short.

Are known music accompaniment machines, which are predominantly electronic Organs are used. Here an electronic drum kit (rhythm machine) controls the bass, alternating bass and chord accompaniment. These are determined from a keyboard « The tone signals required for this are taken from the organ's tone generators or from separate additional generators in the Keyboard selected and processed electronically (preamplifier, frequency divider, etc.).

With the mentioned riaviatur multiple contacts are operated. The number of these contacts depends on the number of chord types you want. The associated rhythm device can be combined with additional Contacts (in the keyboard) are switched on. Commissioning with a foot switch is also common.

Hit the patent application Az. P 2203182.9 from January 21, 1972 is a Accordion accompaniment machine described. It is suggested that to attach an additional keyboard to the accordion with a bracket, or to attach the necessary teacher contacts to the accordion itself. Although the mentioned bracket is a useful solution, the handiness is considerably limited. On the other hand, it is very difficult to accommodate the large number of contacts required in or on the accordion.

Another, not to be overlooked disadvantage of the previous escort machines The thing about electronic organs is the fact that one hand of the player is permanently tied to the additional keyboard. This hand would be urgently needed at least to change the organ registers and to operate the effect switch.

With a pedal - instead of the additional keyboard - a previous The accompaniment machine cannot be operated because legato play is not possible with just one foot.

With the control device according to the invention, these Naohteile are avoided. With the appropriate design of the contact fields, it can be used for the organ and in principle for every loin tour Case it is an essential player relief and aid. ^^ - ^

The selection of the Toii & ignale is no longer made on the multiple

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contacts on a keyboard, but through suitable links in the control unit itself. Simple ones are sufficient for operation Switching contacts, which are located in the contact field and are each operated with a button or a hand or push button Self-maintenance of the circuit is provided, so "needs the ochaltkontakt not continuously "to be operated. Only when a necessary change of harmony is the corresponding, next switching contact operated, a short tap is sufficient. Multiple contact spring (for hand or foot control) can be connected in parallel so that alternate operation is also possible. In order to the control device according to the invention can be adapted even better to the desired application. If the contact field is on a small, light plate, so it can easily be used on the bass side (Toe) attached to the accordion, if you can't prefers to skip the mechanical bites of the accordion at the time of manufacture, which is a huge cost - and, above all, weight reduction means. Instead of traditional accordion bass buttons the contact field to the control unit is accommodated.

With the control device according to the invention, a significant, musical disadvantage of the previous automatic accompaniment can be eliminated which must be described in more detail for clarification.

If the rhythm "7 / alzer" is set, the basic bass will automatically sound in the first bar in the 1st quarter and the fifth bass in the following bar. In the next bar the basic bass comes back, etc. Example: The key "G" (major) is pressed. The following bass sounds: 1st bar = G, 2nd bar: D, 3rd bar: G, etc. Let us assume that the G major chord is prescribed in one bar and the C major chord in the next bar. Pasu inuiJ the "G" key in the 1st cycle and the "G" key in the 2nd cycle. In the 1st bar the G-bass sounds as desired. In the 2nd bar, however, the expected C-bass does not come, but the fifth, namely the G-bass. This undesirable effect occurs in £ 50 of all cases when the keys in the circle of fifths are opposite one another. I) he Iiracheinung int also aurally falach but had bioher -. The Zakl of, chaltkontakte and not to increase An3chlüße in the keyboard still uehr be accepted.

The effect that the basic structure always starts at the right place during a waltz is referred to below and in aen nchutz claims: ait "suppression of fifths".

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The drawing shows some exemplary embodiments of the control device according to the invention.

A "b" b. 1 shows the interaction of all units in a block diagram. This makes the task of the control unit visible. The control unit (1) is operated with hand and / or foot switches. These are housed in the contact field (2) and in the contact field (3). The contact field (2) can also be combined with the contact field (3) to form a unit. The key is determined in the contact field (2) and the type of chord in the contact field (3). Several (identical) contact fields can be switched in parallel. The tone signals coming from the tone generator (4) are selected according to the programming in the contact fields (2) and (3) in the control unit (1). The drum kit (5) is switched on by the control unit (1) when a button is pressed in the contact field. It simultaneously controls the desired bass and accompanying chords in the accompaniment machine (6). This receives the selected audio signals from the control unit (1). All processed signals finally reach the amplifier (7).

Fig. 2 shows the practical application of the invention to an accordion. The contact field with the switches for key determination (2) and the contact field with the switches for chord determination (3) are accommodated on a suitably designed plate (13). This can be attached to the accordion with the screws (14). As already mentioned, further contact fields can be connected in parallel to the arrangement of the contact fields shown here. For example, the contact field (3) can be set up for foot control and can also be used if desired. Another possibility is to attach a complete contact field (2) and (3) to an accordion and an electronic organ. This means that the accordion and organ can be played alternately in the same musical piece by one person without having to forego the automatic accompaniment. The representation of the electronic control and the connection cable has been omitted (see Fig. 5 - 14).

Fig. 3 shows the side view and Fig. 4 shows the top view of the contact field (corresponding to 2). It is very suitable for foot operation if the "black keys", i.e. C sharp, Die,? Ia, G sharp and A sharp are arranged a little higher.

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Swivel contacts can be used to determine the type of chord (corresponding to contact field 3). It is also possible to use the Design the required contact field (3) for manual operation. In addition, a similar contact field design is also available for manual operation possible (according to Fig. 3 + 4). Since · Multiple connection cables (Fontaktfeld - electronic Control) as well as the electronic control according to Fig. 5-14 are not shown here.

Fig. 5 shows the puncture of the control device.

According to the chromatic scale, at least 12 switches are required in the contact field to determine the key. For the sake of clarity, however, only 3 switches (S ^, S ₂ , S,) are shown. The remaining switches, not shown, and the associated logic elements work in the same way. For puncture: If, for example, switch S- ^ is actuated, the associated memory with the dominant memory input (9) is set. An identity element with a switch-off delay (8) can also be provided between the switches and the memories. When the switch is actuated, a signal is also sent to the delete inputs of the other memories via the OR element (10). From the output of the memory (8) belonging to S, the signal reaches all associated Uhd elements. The corresponding audio signals are also available here. These are taken from the lines or conductor tracks (F-,? -Jo). The outputs of all AND elements are connected to the associated bus lines or busbars G («fundamental tone) or MT (« minor third) or T («third) or VQ (■ = diminished fifth) or Q (- fifth).

If, for example, switch Sg is operated, the previously set memory is deleted via the OR element. As a result, the sound signals belonging to the Eu S are silenced. At the same time, the _{memory belonging to S 2} with the dominant memory input (8) is set. The associated AND elements become conductive and transmit the corresponding audio signals to the busbars (G), CMT), (T), (VQ) and (Q).

Switch S-, and the other switches, not shown, for determining the key work in analog whiteness. The keynote is at the output (AG), normally the key at the output (AT) Third, at the exit (AQ) usually the fifth.

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If switch S ₁ - is now operated, the memory with the dominant memory input (11) is set. As a result, the AND element blocks the (normal) third when an input is negated. The AND element for the minor third passes this on to the output AT, so that a minor chord appears.

If switch S- ,. actuated, the memory becomes dominant Memory input (12) set. Thereby the and-member blocks "it" negation the fifth of an entrance. The ampersand for the diminished The fifth passes this on to the AQ output. At the same time the memory (11) is set via the identity element, so that - how described above - the minor third appears at the exit AT. The result is that a diminished chord sounds.

Memory (11) and (12) are also via the OR element (10) turned off.

With switch S _Q all memories are deleted (via the OR element 10).

Various required punctures, such as the start-up of the drums, the suppression of fifths, etc. can be controlled.

In the manner shown, a triad is formed. If the chord is to consist of more than 3 tones, then in an analogous way di To multiply connecting links according to the harmony laws.

Fig. 6 shows one possibility how the memories can still be set. The switches are used to set the respective memories. At the same time, the signal reaches the logic element (V) via the OR element. This has the task of emitting a short pulse to erase the remaining memory. The pulse duration must be shorter than the duration of the switch actuation, but it must be long enough to safely erase the corresponding memory.

Fig. 7 corresponds to Fig. 6, except that - instead of the OR element a identity elements (e.g. diodes) are used.

Fig. 8 shows the puncture table of the control device according to the invention. The time or cycle segments 1-9 are shown. The puncture table could be extended to infinity. To switch S _Q belongs e _{Qf to} switch S ^ e ^, to switch S ₂ · ₂ »to .switch S-, e- ,. These include the memory outputs (»input · of the corresponding AND elements) a ^, B ₂ and a ,. For the sake of simplicity , only 3 (instead of 12) inputs and outputs are shown here.

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The table also does not take into account the puncture of the chord choice. However, it shows the essentials, namely that when you press any switch in the contact field, the associated switch Memory is set until any other switch is operated.

Example: The switch S ^ is actuated, i.e. e ^ = L, a- ^ = L. If this switch is released (e, = 0), a- ^ = L. Only when the next switch is actuated is a ^ = 0, the corresponding one Memory is set.

Fig. 9 shows the preselection of tone signals (if necessary). You can choose between a fifth and an excessive fifth or between a fifth and a seventh, etc. For this purpose, 12 linking element pairs are required, corresponding to the chromatic scale. Only 3 links are shown, the others are arranged in an analogous manner.

When the switch is not actuated, the signal E ^ is at output A, the signal E ₂ at A2 and the signal E, at A.

When the switch is activated, the AND elements become conductive and the AND elements block when an input is negated. _{The signal E 2} is then at output A, the signal E- at A ₂ , and the signal E at A ..

Fig. 10 shows the practical design (control part) of a LIuster device according to the invention. The sample device works with contact-based logic elements (relays with 6 changeover contacts each). It has been shown that the relay switching times are completely sufficient for the given application. Another great advantage of the relay is the favorable ratio of the open to the closed contact (ratio of insulation resistance to volume resistance).

To the puncture: The Signal first to an identity link. This has the task of avoiding contact sparks so that the switch contact is not damaged can be. Diodes, electrolytic capacitors and transistors can be used here. The sample device works with a transistor stage. The identity element can also represent an amplifier stage if the set signal has to be amplified (for example when using the normal keyboard, whereby the set signal would be resisted by the decoupling is weakened).

Has the switch belonging to the relay picked up, it receives this

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via the diode (D ₂ ) and the transistor (T ₂ ) & ^en holding current. The switch can now - but does not have to - be released until the harmony changes. The relay lasts («= memory set) until any other switch is operated. If this is the case, the transistor (T ₁ ) is turned on via the diode (D _1). As a result, the transistor (T ₂ ) is blocked, the relay that has been holding until now is de-energized and drops out. The relay belonging to the operated switch picks up at the same time. Summary: If any switch is operated, the associated relay picks up. It only drops out when another switch is operated.

The switch S _Q is connected to the P-3 side of a diode (D ₁ ) via a resistor and thus controls the transistor (Ti).

Basically, this circuit achieves the link effect shown in Fig. 5, although the link elements are different. Thus, the diodes (D ₁₎ as an OR gate, the transistor (T ₁₎ as a Hicht- ^ member and the transistor (T ₂₎ ^w ith an AND GIied with denial of Hing Anges behave.

The audio signals are selected in the luster device with 5 changeover contacts per relay. These are not shown here (see Fig. 12). Chords are also selected in the Lfuster device Relay. If a diminished chord is required, the relay for the fifth selection and the relay for the third selection are simultaneously switched on. The pre-selection of the Fifth according to Fig. 9 (fifth or major fifth) to form the excessive chords. For the makeshift formation of the seventh chords You can also choose between fifth and seventh as shown in Fig. 9, as the existing accompaniment automaton only has 3 tone inputs.

Fig. 11 shows how one button operation is possible. This may be desirable if the keypad is used in place of the mechanical passports on the accordion. With this arrangement only one switch (key) has to be operated per chord. The number of switches depends on how many chord types should appear (Zabl the switch = number of chord types X 12). The switch-r for the third selection (corresponding to S ₁ -, in Fig. 5) are omitted for the fifth selection (corresponding to S,. In Fig. 5). Pie Auu-; η «· a ('= root note, T = Ti vr , Q = fifth, 1.1 = I" oll third = ν en, 3rd fifth) are ri t the 3 et zD input of a 3-point

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chers or connected to an AND-GIi ed input. The connection of only one key is shown. For puncture: If the switch (SD) is closed, there is a Signal at (G), (T) and (Q), so that a major chord is formed. If the switch (SK) is closed, there is only one signal each (G), (Q) and (MT). The relevant minor chord appears. If the switch (SV) is closed, one signal is present (G), (MT) and (VQ) so that a diminished chord appears.

Fig. 12 shows the function of all relay contacts in the sample device according to the invention. Only one relay with the corresponding connections is shown. With all relays, only the connections to the audio signal-carrying lines or conductor tracks (P ^ ··· ^ 12) are different in accordance with the laws of harmony. As already shown with Fig. 10, _{the holding current flows via the diode (D 2} ) and the associated normally open contact. In the idle state, the audio signals _{coming from (F 1} ... F ₁₂ ) are connected to earth via decoupling resistors. The sound signals are passed on to the busbars (G), (LIT), (T), (VQ) and (Q) via the working contacts.

Fig. 13 shows the aforementioned "fifth suppression". The signals or impulses coming from the accompaniment machine (EG) to control the basic bass and (EQ) to control the fifth or alternate bass are not influenced when the switch (SW) is open. If the rhythm "waltz" is now selected, the switch (SW) is closed at the same time. The process is only not influenced if no key is pressed in the contact field, ie no signal is present (P). If a key is pressed, the AND element becomes conductive. Incoming impulses are always passed on to the output (AG). The AND element with the negative of an input ensures that output (AQ) does not receive a control pulse.

In practice this means that when a key is pressed, only the Basic bass can sound when switch (SW) is closed.

Fig. 14 shows how the drum kit is switched on in the sample device according to the invention. When the switch is closed, the drums would work continuously. However, it must start eynchronously with the first switch contact) actuation. With the incoming pulse, both transistors become conductive. _If only one transistor is used, the I CEq can prevent the drum kit from turning off.

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Claims (7)

ρ r tt ch ι s Control unit for music accompaniment machines, characterized by the fact that the selection for the accompaniment machine is based on and chord formation required. Sound signal · and dl · generation further impulse (ζ e.g. to switch on the drums or Accompanying machines) with contactless and / or contact-based linkage elements takes place. 2. Control device for Ifusik-Begleltautomat according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound signals and other impulses required for the accompaniment machine · τοη one or several, suitably designed contact fields from beds will. The corresponding switches are located in the contact fields. They can be designed for manual and / or PuS operation. 3 control device for Muslk accompaniment machines according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that several contact fields (by hand and / or foot control) are connected in parallel. 4. Control device for music automatic machines according to claim 1, 2 and 3 ν characterized in that the connection of the links is designed in such a way that a function according to the punctuation table shown in the amT drawing (Fig. 3) is possible (self-holding). This means that after actuation of any switch in the contact field dl · the audio signals coming to the output of the control device only change when another, arbitrary one Switch in the contact field is operated, whereby ·! it does not matter is whether the corresponding · Sehalter continuously * CbIs for actuation of the next switch) or is operated briefly. 5. Control device for Muslk Begleltautomat according to claim 4 »characterized in that dl · self-holding of the circuit can be permanently or temporarily canceled (e.g. with signal e _Q Fig. 8 or open switch between (T ₂ ) and (B ₂ ) Fig. 10). '* 6. Control device for Jfusik accompaniment machines according to claim l _f 2, 3 » 4 and 5t characterized by Son— and Akkerdart with only one holder (according to Fig. UL) can be determined. 5098U / 0160 7. Control device for Kuaik-Accompanying device according to the above claims, characterized in "that with suitable logic elements -" ie shown for example with Fig. 13 - suppresses the control signal for the fifth or Weehselbaß and this to the control for ä & n basic bass, if any fast in the contact field is actuated (obtaining the corresponding signals ”) and a certain switch (e.g. Eh.ytlmiu8 selector switch in the sc! ilagzeug) is actuated. 509814/0160