DE2347460A1 - ARMS CONTROL SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

DIPL.-ING. LEO FLEUCHAUS DR.-ING. HANS LEYH

DIPL.-ING. BHNST RATHMANN 2347460

Munich 71, Sept. 20, 1973 Melchlorstr. 42

: MO79P-1O2O

Motorola, Inc. 9401 West Grand-Avenue Franklin Park . Illinois V.St.A.

Weapon control system

The invention relates to systems and devices for controlling from projectiles, bombs or the like to earth targets. It specifically applies to such systems and devices which the target sends out radio signals in the X-band or at a higher frequency,

Directional beam systems for guiding projectiles or similar weapons to earth targets are already known. These well-known Systems and devices are unwieldy, expensive and complicated. It is therefore the object of the invention to provide an improved Specify floor guidance system of the type mentioned, which avoids the known disadvantages of the prior art, and which, in contrast, is simple, cheap, light, small and very effective. Furthermore, the missile control system is to of the invention not due to malfunctions and other false

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Punk signals can be disturbed.

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This object of the invention is achieved by a control system for controlling a projectile in azimuth and height towards a radiating target, a series of sensors being provided on the projectile, the receive the radiation and are able to distinguish the information about azimuth and altitude; through a processing circuit for the signals picked up by the sensors}

through a first series of high-speed switches, one of which is between one of the sensors and the aforementioned processing circuit is switched, wherein devices are provided to the respective switch in the on and To switch off state}

by a series of elements for sampling and storing electrical signals, one for each of the named sensors, these elements receiving the signals from the processing circuit;

by devices for switching the respective scanning and storage element on and off;

by an azimuth signal comparator and an altitude signal comparator;

through a second series of fast switches, each of which one is connected to one of the named scanning and storage elements, the second one being provided for the azimuth A series of fast switches with the said azimuth signal comparator and those for the altitude of the second series fast switches are connected to said treble signal comparator;

by means on each of the high-speed switches of said second series for turning the respective switch on and off;

through - 2 -

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by a pole control circuit connected to said first series of fast switches and with the on and off switches of said sampling and storage elements to switch associated with said first series and to switch the scanning and storage elements on and off simultaneously and one after the other} by connecting said pole control circuit to the control connections of said second series of fast switches, which successively compare the azimuth signals in the azimuth signal comparator and the Altitude signals in the altitude signal comparator is caused f by means for forwarding the output signal dea called azimuth signal comparator to the azimuth controller and the output of said height-to-signal comparator to the altitude control.

According to a further embodiment of the invention is a Control system for guiding a projectile in azimuth and Provided altitude towards a radiant target with the following features:

A series of Pühlern to be placed on such a projectile, which are exposed to the punk radiation at the same time and distinguish between azimuth and altitude signals; Device to successively at continuous intervals of time to sample the signals on the sensors and to store the sampled values until all sensors are sampled in each cycle are;

Devices that are effective after this sampling period and which compare the stored azimuth data and the stored altitude data;

and means for transmitting said compared azimuth data to the azimuth controller and for transmitting the Altitude data for the altitude control. ■

According to a further development of the invention, devices for improving and increasing the signal ratios are on the Pühlern, devices for finding a threshold

- 3 - ■ value

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value of said] signals, devices for preventing the sampling and storage of signals which do not at least have the threshold value and means intended for cutting off foreign pulses.

Further embodiments and the advantages of the invention are contained in the following description of the figures. Show it:'

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a bomb which is directed according to the invention to a target}

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a control system according to the invention ;

3 shows a series of timing diagrams for a better understanding of the operation of the invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a specific Component of the circuit according to the invention}

Fig. 5 shows a series of waveforms with direct and reflected pulses of different sizes}

6 shows a schematic representation of another component of the device according to the invention; and

Fig. 7 is a timing diagram useful in understanding the operation of the invention.

As the drawing shows, the invention includes a control circuit 10 (FIG. 2) for insertion into a bomb 11, or a similar projectile, which in FIG. 1 is aimed at a bridge 12 where the bomb is guided by the radio beam ^, the transmitter 14 hidden on the bridge floor

is shining. - 4 -

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is blasted. 5 *

The falling bomb shown is only intended as an example and it is clear that the invention can also be applied to bombs, missiles and other projectiles. It can also be applied to any other moving object or object. Also, the radio radiation _{h can be} a direct beam from one or more transmitters, a beam that is reflected from nearby objects, or both types at the same time.

The radar or radio beam 13 can be represented, for example, as a pulse 15 which is intended to be transmitted by the on-board mechanism to be received and to operate this to the bomb 11 to the predetermined Target point to direct.

In addition to the direct radio beam 13, there may be a number of other radio beam paths passing through Reflections of the signal on an object or a surface are caused. As an example - for the reflected Paths, the ray 16 is shown which includes a path region 17 that is closest from the transmitter to the one lying reflective surface, e.g. of the river or stream 18 is enough. The reflected path 16 is around the distance 17 longer, so that the pulse 19 is drawn as an example of the beam 16 behind the pulse 15 and thus a indicates a certain time delay.

It is an object of the invention to provide a control circuit, which allows the bomb control mechanism between the first, direct pulse 15 and the second pulse 19 if the leading edges of these impulses are no more than about 6 meters apart. That means, that the bombing mechanism is able to detect errors or between points that are no further than about 6

meter - 5 -

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Meters apart, possibly even less, to distinguish. Taking into account that punk rays 30 cm per nanosecond, ao that means that the circuit on board the bomb work in a maximum of 20 llanoseconds and the necessary Must generate control signals. Therefore the circuit 3 - ** elements be very fast.

In addition, the circuit must be small on the whole so that it is housed in a small compartment in the bomb can be and not reduce their carrying capacity for explosives. For the same reason, she is not allowed to need a lot of energy for their function. In addition, the use of the control circuit on many bombs requires that the total cost of the control circuit must be very small. The circuit must be used in all weather conditions work in rain, fog, clouds, snow, darkness or other unknown conditions. The fact that the transmitter 14 generates microwaves, for example in the X-band in the order of 10 GHz or higher, serves the same purpose.

The transmitter 14 can be of any known embodiment for generating of frequencies of the type mentioned and should be so small that it can easily be placed on a bridge, a bunker or a can be hidden from another object to be destroyed. The transmitter can be attached to the target in any known manner e.g. it can be left there by troops moving on, it can be secretly by a Spy attached or by a parachute or the like be dropped off; be discontinued; be deducted; be dismissed. ·

There can also be more than one target in close proximity, each of which has a transmitter carrying a signal from the same Emit frequency like that intended to be destroyed by a particular bomb. After the bomb hit a directed towards a specific goal, it is destined to that

Goal - 6 -

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Hit the target by watching what it broadcast Receives the radio signal while detecting the signals broadcast by the other targets in the neighborhood and excludes. The ability to resolve signals that are approximately 20 nanoseconds or less apart in time, is, as shown, sufficient for this purpose.

i'ig. 2 shows four sensors, e.g. broad jet inks 21, 22, 23, 24, which can be attached to the nose of the bomb in an offset manner, as shown in FIG. 1.

Antennas 21 and 23 can, for example, control the height of the bomb, while antennas 22 and 24 control the azimuth check. More or fewer antennas or probes can be used according to the particular circumstances. the Altitude control is identified by reference number 25 and azimuth control by reference number 26 in FIG.

The sensors 21, 2-2, 23 and 24 are each through the lines 27, 28, 29 and .31 are connected to the inputs of switches 32, 33, 34 and 35. The outputs of switches 32, 33, 34 and 35 are each connected by lines 36, 37, 38 and 39 with a conductor 41, which in turn by a Line 42 is connected to the input of the processing circuit 43.

The output of processing circuit 43 is through the line 44 connected to a line 45 and also to lines 46, 47, 48 and 49 with the inputs of the scanning and storage

circuits 51, 52, 53 and 54, respectively. The outputs of the Sampling and storing circuits 51, 52, 53, 54 are connected by lines 55, 56, 57 and 58 with switches 59, 61, 62, respectively respectively 63 connected. The outputs of switches 59

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and 62 are each connected to the inputs of a comparator circuit 66 by means of lines 64 and 65. Likewise, the outputs of switches 61 and 63 are each connected through lines 67 and 68 to the inputs of a comparator circuit 69 connected »The output of the comparator 66 is connected via line 71 to the input of an integrating circuit 72 and thus to the altitude control circuit. Likewise, the output of the comparator circuit 69 with the line 75 is connected to the input of the integrating circuit 74 and so connected to the azimuth control circuit.

The switches 32 and 35 can be of any known, for this Be appropriate to the purpose; in a preferred embodiment- ^ · However, in the form of the invention, they are known, fast-switching integrated circuits. Their on and off states are controlled by means of suitable voltage pulses or voltage values on the lines 75, 76, 77 and 78 and thus from the line 78, which is connected to the pole control circuit 81, of which the Control signals are delivered.

The sample and store circuits 51-54 described in more detail are controlled by suitable signals at their control inputs, which are transmitted through lines 82, 83, 84 or 85, which in turn are connected to the line 86 which is connected to the sequence control circuit 81, which supplies the appropriate control voltages as described.

The switches 59 through 63 can also be of any type suitable for the present purpose; according to one embodiment of the invention, however, they are known fast switching integrated circuits. Their on and off states are determined by suitable voltage pulses or Voltage values controlled on lines 87, 88, 89 and 91 appear. Me lines 87, 88, 89 and 91 are connected to a line 92, which in turn is connected to the sequential circuit 81

tied together

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is connected, which supplies the control signals as described.

In operation, the iJOl control circuit 81 is used to select the appropriate Switch and the sampling and storage circuits v to activate in the desired order so that the incoming signals are brought into the processing circuit 43 in the correct order. In this way only one processing circuit 43 is necessary and the problems of aligning such circuits with one another as in FIG other systems are excluded. The switch 32 is activated ^ or in its on-state at the same time that the sample and store circuit 51 and the switch 59 are also activated are; the switch 33 is activated at the same time that the sample and store circuit 52 and the switch 61 are activated are activated; the switch 34 is activated at the same time that the sample and store circuit 53 and the switch are activated; and the switch 35 is activated at the same time that the sample and store circuit 54 and the Switch 63 are activated.

The processing circuit 43, as shown, includes a mixer 93, an amplifier 94 , a compression filter 95 and an amplifier 96 between the conductors 42 and 44, which are interconnected by lines 971, 98 and 99. The output signal of the amplifier 96 on the line 44 is also connected by a conductor 101 to a threshold value detector and from there by a line 103 to the control input of the sequence control circuit 81. In the processing circuit shown, the mixer is used for the usual mixing of the incoming frequency with a signal generated in the circuit (not shown) in order to generate an intermediate frequency signal which is further processed in the circuit.

The amplifiers are of a known type and show no special features. The compression filter 95 is a type of

- 9 - component

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/ ₀ 2347 ^ 60

Component that can be used in the invention to extract the information or the desired signal from the surrounding Noise in which it appears to separate. A compression filter, such as surface acoustic wave elements, two-phase Coded elements with shift registers or other * components, · can be used for signal separation.

Surface acoustic wave elements, as will be described in more detail, can be used to delay of the received signal for a desired purpose.

The pole control circuit 81 activates (turns on) the switches 32, 33 »34 'and 35 one after the other, so that each for is switched on for about a thousandth of a second. As I said above, the signals come from the sensors or antennas 21 and 23 are ultimately compared in comparator 66 to control altitude and the signals from sensors or antennas 22 and 24 are ultimately compared in comparator 69 to control azimuth. The sequence control circuit 81 can be used by anyone be known execution form, the voltage pulses or Voltage values of the desired level and generated at suitable time intervals and in a suitable sequence.

The signal that is generated by the transmitter 14 can consist of pulse trains, the envelope of which is represented in FIG. 3 by the rectangular pulse 104. The pulse train can typically last 2.5 microseconds or less and have a peak power of about one watt or more. The radar or point signal need not necessarily have a fixed frequency; in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, it may vary by about 250 MHz or less during the 2.5 microseconds, as shown in Figure 3 by sawtooth line 105, where F _Q is 9750 MHz and F _{1 is} 10,000 MHz, for example. When such a pulse is received by the compression filter 95 it becomes 2.5

Microseconds

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Microsecond interval to 0.1, for example Compressed microseconds, with the peak power is amplified from one watt to 25 watts, without taking into account the attenuation, as shown in Pi. 3 by curve 106 is shown. The power amplification ratio of 25 is sufficient to produce the desired message signal 104, 106 to stand out from the ambient noise, since its Performance through the compression filter not in the same Way is amplified.

In Fig. 4, the compression filter 95 ^a l ^{3 e} i ⁿ surface acoustic wave element is shown, which contains a substrate or a carrier element 107 made of a suitable piezoelectric material, such as quartz, on which by a suitable method such as vacuum metal deposition or Photo-etching technique, two series of finger electrodes 108 and 109 are formed, the finger electrodes having a decreasing distance from one another, as shown. The input electrodes 98 are connected to the finger electrodes 108 and the output electrode 99 with the finger electrodes 109. Lie pulse sequence which is shown in Fig. 3 by the pulse 104 with a compound represented by the sawtooth 105 change in frequency between F ₀ and F _1, appears at the output of the compression filter x95 'on the electrodes 99 after a delay with a compressed pulse time of 0.1 microsecond, for example, and an increased power of 25 watts, for example.

In a surface acoustic wave element, the electromagnetic energy applied to the input electrodes propagates along the surface of the piezoelectric element at an acoustic speed that depends on the frequency of the received signal. Therefore, the distance S ₁ between the adjacent finger electrodes 108 A and 109 A (Fig. 4) in relation to the distance Sp between the finger electrodes 108 B and 109 B is chosen so that the running

Time

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4-098 U / 0458

The time for the low-frequency waves differs from the transit time of the high-frequency waves by 0.1 microseconds in the case described above. The time interval can be made as long or short as desired, so that the Kompres3ionsverhältnis between the time duration of the pulse and the originally _s sprünglichen of the transmitted pulse can be arbitrarily selected. In each case there is an initial delay due to the distance S- between the finger electrodes 108 A and 109 A, which corresponds to the transit time of the low-frequency waves between the two finger electrodes.

in certain cases, the signal received from the bomb, although the pulse emitted by ctem transmitter 14 is a Has a peak power of one watt, be weakened to a lower value. In particular, there is a bridge structure 12 that yes a large amount of metal around the transmitter represents, severely weaken the transmitted signal. At a such a circumstance brings the compression filter 95 the advantage, to amplify the received signal on the value of the ambient noise, while at the same time increasing the weight and height the circuit elements is kept very small.

It is one of the advantages of the receiving system according to the invention that it has a target resolution of approximately 6 meters. That means that the receiver can distinguish between radio beams emanating from targets about 6 meters apart, irrespective of whether the radio radiation is received directly by the transmitter or indirectly as a reflected signal. In Fig. 1 iot the 3chetnatiuch represented by the fact that the Bomb 11 in the way of a direct signal pulse 15 and one reflected signal pulse 19 is located. The invention

is based on the idea that the reception system between the Can distinguish arrival of the leading edges of the two pulses. The receiving system is on the leading edge of a pulse with. appropriate performance and will respond to any other signal

reject, - 12 -

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reject that arrives more than 20 nanoseconds later ·. In Fig. 5, a directly transmitted pulse 106 is shown schematically, the one. Impulse after reception and processing through the compression filter 95. Thus this pulse has a duration of 0.1 microseconds similar to that the one in Pig. 3 is shown. The pulse 106 thus corresponds to the pulse 15 of FIG. 1 after reception and processing.

In Fig. 5 also shows a reflected pulse 106 A is shown as a solid curve with the same amplitude as the pulse i06 is shown. Under certain circumstances the reflected pulse can also be greater than the direct transmitted pulse 'if the direct transmitted pulse is more weakened is than the reflected. The dashed curve 106 B schematically represents the fact that the reflected Pulse 106 A can have a larger amplitude. The leading edges of pulses 106 and -106 A are about one half pulse length, i.e. shifted by about 50 nanoseconds.

In accordance with the inventive concept differentiates the receiver according to the invention between the pulses 106 and 106 A. It receives the pulse 106 or its leading edge and rejects the pulse 1Q6 A. In Fig. 5 is a pulse composed of the pulses 106 and 106 A or 106 B is also shown. As is to be described, activated the receiving and discriminating circuit of the invention a gate (switch), so that only the leading edge 106 C of the pulse is received with a suitable amplitude and is distinguished from the pulses which last more than 20 naseconds are received later, by the fact that the gate is switched off and so the reception of more Signals prevented. The 20 nanosecond time interval is indicated by the letter D. The rest. Part of the received composite signal pulse behind

the - 13 -

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the dashed line at the end of interval 1) of FIG. 5 is ignored.

Fig. 6 shows a two-stage reading and memory circuit to achieve the high target resolution according to the invention. The sampling and storage circuit corresponds to the defrost and Memory circuit 51 of Fig. 2 and the same reference numerals are used. The part to the left of the dashed line 112 corresponds to the sample and store circuit 51, while the part to the right of it corresponds to the switch 59 of FIG connected lines. The components of the sample and store circuit 51 include, as in FIG. 6 shown, a MOSFET element (gate) 113, a capacitor 114, a fast switch 115, an amplifier 116, and a second capacitor 117. The MOSFET element 113 has a Source electrode (possibly drain electrode) 118, a drain electrode (possibly source electrode) 119 and a gate electrode 121 as known in the art. The source electrode 118 is connected to input 46, the drain electrode to one connection of capacitor 114 at point 122 and continue with the input of the fast switch 115, which can be an integrated circuit. The other terminal of the capacitor 114 is grounded as shown.

The gate electrode 121 receives the signal that sets or activates the sample and store circuit 51 via the Lines 82 and 86 from pole control circuit 81. When MOSFET 113 is conductive, capacitor 114, the one Has a capacity of around 20 picofarads and charges very quickly because of its small capacity. This charge on the desired value takes place in a maximum of 20 ftanoseconds. Since the Capacitor 114 only has a small capacitance, it also tends to discharge itself again quickly. During the time in which the capacitor is being charged, the switch 115 is open, i.e. inactivated. Then when the capacitor 114 is full is charged, the switch 115 is activated, i.e. closed

and - 14 - '

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and the voltage stored in capacitor 114, is given to the amplifier 116, which amplifies it and in turn supplies to a much larger capacitor 117 which has a capacitance of approximately 0.2 microfarads. This capacitance value of the capacitor 117 is sufficient * , large to keep the stored voltage therein and thus also on the line 35 until the switch 59 works and aiu voltage leads to the comparison circuit 66 as above has been described.

The time to turn on or activate the MOSFET element 115 may be 2 nanoseconds. Then the element remains switched on for 16 nanoseconds and takes about 2 nanoseconds to switch off or inactivate. So it takes a total of about 20 nanoseconds for its activity. At the end of this period, and in any case before the charge on capacitor 114 has been able to decrease significantly, switch 115 is activated by a voltage pulse on line 115A supplied by sequencer 81, whereupon the charge is passed through amplifier 116 to Capacitor 117 is transferred. After the MOSE ¹ ET element 113 is inactivated, any further signal that appears on the line is ignored and cannot really influence the following processing. Thus, it is evident that any signal received after the 20 nanosecond interval that belongs to any other target emitting radio waves more than six meters from the predetermined target, or that is reflected from nearby surfaces, will affect the operation of the Control system can not influence. The target recognition is therefore achieved by a fast-switching, two-stage sampling and storage circuit which essentially reacts to the starting edges of the received pulses.

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Pig. 7 shows a simplified timing diagram applicable to the circuit described. According to this diagram the interval between 0.000 seconds and 0.001 seconds applies to the switch 32, the sampling and storage circuit 51 and the associated switching elements, the interval between υ, 001 seconds and 0.002 seconds for the switch 33, the Sampling and storage circuit 52 and the connected switching elements, the time interval between 0.002 seconds and 0.003 seconds for switch 34, the sampling and storage circuit 53 and the associated switching elements and the time interval between 0.003 seconds and 0.004 seconds for the Switch 35, the sampling and storage circuit 54 and the associated switching elements. Each switch 32 to 35 will so opened for 0.001 seconds one after the other, the time interval controlled by the pole control circuit 81 and represented by pulses 123, 124 »125 and 126, respectively. During each of the intervals 123 to 126 a pulse 127 » 128, 129 and 131 respectively. Me pulses 127 »128, 129 and 131 correspond to the received pulses 15 of Fig. 1 and the compressed pulses 106 and 106 A of FIGS. 3 and 5.

After all-pulses 127, 128, 129 and 131 from the corresponding Channels and the corresponding voltages are stored in the capacitor 117 in "each sampling and storage circuit The sequence control circuit 81 supplies a control signal via the line 92, v / as is shown in FIG. 7 as pulse 132. The pulses 132 activate the switches 59, 61, 62 and 63, whereby the voltages on the capacitors 117 etc. to the comparators 66 and 69 are passed to compare the azimuth or altitude signal, whereupon the difference through the lines 71 and 73 are passed to the integrators 72 and 74 and from A place to get to the azimuth and altitude control circuits as described above. '-

One - 16 -

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A complete description of the operation of the system together with an additional device can best be understood by considering an example of the operation desired target is shot out works "the control circuit and the sequence control circuit 81 ensures that the ■ control pulses, arrive at the various switching elements as described. In the first moment is to be assumed that insufficient from the transmitter signal strengths are received and that the control system does not output The easiest way to understand this is by referring to the composite signal from Pig. As a result, no sign at all, so to speak ale received and the control wings of the bomb remain inactive. The threshold detector 102 can be of any known type that is responsive to amplitude and decides when a signal of an appropriate value, ie, threshold 111, is received.

After the bomb has traveled a certain distance in Towards the target, it should be assumed that the received pulses 15 and 19 (Pig. 1) either individually or together will have sufficient amplitude to exceed threshold 111. These impulses are for example represented by the pulses 127, 128, and 131 in the timing diagram of the Pig. 7. Having signals have been received one after the other, the individual sampling and storage circuits operate and the voltages are stored on capacitors 114 and 117 in each channel.

Viewed - 17 -

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If one now considers in Fig. 7 the time interval between O and 0.001 seconds when the switch 32 is on thousandth of a second is activated by the pulse 123 »then it is shown that after a partial expiry of this Time interval of the signal pulses 127 (106) received and that it is of sufficient amplitude that the threshold detector 102 provides an appropriate signal via line 103 to the. Deliver sequence control circuit can. The sequence control circuit then supplies a signal via line 86 to the gate electrode 121 of the MOSEFET element 113. The sample and store circuit 51 is thereupon activated and the voltage in agreement is supplied to the capacitor 114 with the received pulse signal.

After 20 nanoseconds, interval D, the sequence control circuit inactivates KOSFET 113, ie it switches it off _? and any subsequent incoming signal of any amplitude no longer enters the circuit and can no longer influence the result. The signals are cut off. Even if there is another transmitter in the target area, which for one reason or another sends out a signal with a larger amplitude, its signal cannot have any influence because it arrived more than 20 nanoseconds after it was switched off. The same phenomenon occurs during each of the following intervals, namely during pulses 124, 125, 126. Thus, during the entire four thousandth of a second interval, four readings or pulses are received, two of which are used to operate the altitude control and the remaining two to operate the azimuth control.

An ordinary bomb can reach a top speed of up to 250 meters per second. To make their course effective

to control - 18 -

to. To steer, you have to use the azimuth and elevation levers can only be adjusted about once per second. During the one-second interval, about a thousand Signals received and processed by the circuit and a corresponding value in the integrating circuits 72 * < and 74 generated as the mean value for adjusting the control vanes.

These time intervals can be varied as required according to the circumstances.

To distinguish between the pulses from different sources and to produce the desired target resolution, a two stage high speed sample and store circuit has been shown; however, others can do the same Discrimination circuits can be provided without the To exceed the scope of the invention.

Furthermore, the pulse compression filter shown, which reduces the demands on the peak power and generated narrow pulses for processing in the receiver, replaced by other types of pulse compression filters may or may be omitted entirely without changing the subject matter and scope of the invention.

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Claims (2)

Claims Control circuit for guiding an object in azimuth and Altitude towards a target emitting radio waves, with a series of feelers pointing to such a target Object can be attached to receive such rays, and the appropriate 3iud, the information for azimuth and height to be differentiated ^ and with a Processing circuit for the signals received by the sensors, characterized in that that a first series of fast switches (32, 33, 34, 35) is provided, of which each between one of said sensors (21, 22, 23, 24) and said processing circuit (43) is connected that each of these first series of switches (32, 33, 34, 35) a device for Establishing the on and off state of the respective switch includes a series of sampling and Storage devices (51, 52, 53, 54) are provided, one for each of the sensors mentioned (21, 22, 23, 24) receiving the signals from the processing circuit (43), each of the above Sampling and storage devices (51, 52, 53, 54) Includes facilities for switching the respective scanning and storage facility on and off, an azimuth signal comparator (69) and. an altitude-signal comparator (66) it is provided that a second - 20 - 4098 14/0458 7347460 second series of fast switches (59, 61, 62, 63) ■ is provided, each with one of the said scanning and storage devices is connected that with respect to the azimuth one of these said second series of fast switches (61, 63) connected to said azimuth signal comparator (69) and that, in terms of height, the other of these mentioned second series of high-speed switches (59, 62) with the aforementioned height-signal comparator (66) connected to each of said second series of fast switches (59, 61, 62, 63) devices includes, in order to put the respective switch in the on and off state, that a sequence control circuit (81) with the on and off inputs (75, 76, 77, 78) of the aforementioned first series of high-speed switches (32, 33 » 34, 35) and the scanning and storage devices (51, 52, 53, 54) is connected, the associated high-speed switches and scanning and storage devices switches on and off simultaneously and one after the other, that the pole control circuit (81) is still connected with the on and off inputs (87, 88, 99, 91) of the called second series of fast viewers (59, 61, 62, 63) in order to successively compare the azimuth signals in said azimuth signal comparator (69) for the comparison of the altitude signals in said altitude signal comparator (66) to cause, and that means (72, 74) are provided, which the compared signal of the Azimuth signal comparator (69) to the azimuth control and the compared signal height signal comparator (66) transferred to the altitude control. • " 2nd tax - 21 - 409814/0458 2. Control circuit according to claim 1, characterized g e k e η η ζ e i n-et that the fast Integrated circuit switch 3ind. 3. Control circuit according to claim 1 or 2, d a characterized in that the Bodies (72, 74) ,, which compared the Signals of the azimuth signal comparator "or the Altitude signal comparator to the azimuth "resp. Conduct height control, contain an integrating circuit. 4. Control circuit according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the signal processing The circuit (43) contains a device (95) for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. 5. Control circuit according to claim 4, characterized characterized in that the device for improving the signal-to-noise ratio is a pulse compression circuit. 6. Control circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that the pulse compression circuit contains a surface acoustic wave element. 7. Control circuit according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each of said sampling and storage circuits (51, 52, 53, 54) a fast (113, 114) and a slow (115, 116, 117) storage and retrieval device contains in series. 8, tax - 22 - A09814 / 0458 8. Control circuit according to claim 5, d a d u r ch characterized in that said high speed sampling and storage devices (113, 114) include a signal threshold detector. 9. Control circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that the fast Sampling and storage device contains a field effect transistor (113) and a capacitor (114), wherein the field defect transistor (113) through said sequence control circuit (81) on and is turned off. 10. Control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of the Sample and latch circuits other pulse discriminator circuits are provided. 11. Control circuit according to claim 1, characterized marked that inipulse compression elements are provided that threshold detectors are provided and that in dependence on the threshold detector, the sampling and storage circuits be operated. 12. Control circuit according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the sensor consists of two broad-beam antennas (21, 23) for the height information and there are two further broad-beam antennas (22, 24) for the azimuth information and are fastened 90 ° apart from one another on the face of said object (11). 13. Control circuit according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that - 23 - institutions . 40981 4/0458 Facilities for successive aofasteri the signals on said sensors (21, 22, 23, 24) are provided in continuous cycles, that further means are provided for storing the scanned data until all sensors are scanned in each cycle that devices are still provided after this The scanning process takes effect in each cycle to compare the stored azimuth and elevation data, and that means for communicating the compared azimuth data to the azimuth controller and the compared altitude data to the altitude control are provided. 14. Control circuit according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that devices provided for separately storing the compared azimuth data and the compared altitude data before they are transmitted to the azimuth or altitude control. 15. Control circuit according to claim 14, characterized characterized in that means (95) for improving the signal-to-noise ratio the signals from the sensors mentioned (21, 22, 23, 24) it is provided that devices (102, 81) for discovering a threshold value of said signals and to prevent the sampling and storage of signals that do not at least meet the threshold have, are provided and that devices for suppressing external pulses are provided. 16. stone circuit according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that for Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of a Signal. - 24 - 4098U / 0458 tr Signal, the frequency of which varies cyclically between "certain limits" during a time interval, a component (95) with a piezoelectric substrate (107) is provided because two series (108, 109) of parallel on this substrate (107) conductive strips are formed, the inner strips (1O8 A, 109 A) of these two series having a first specific mutual distance (S), which is related to the lower of the frequencies (Fq), that alternately one (1O8) of the said the first series of strips with input electrodes (98) and the others are connected (1o9) with Ausgangaelektroden (99), that the strips of each series (108, 109) ^be ~ ginnend at said inner strips (108 A, 109 A), have a mutual spacing which decreases uniformly towards the outside in accordance with the increasing frequency (F) of said signal that the mutual spacing of the outermost strips (108 B, 109 B) of said two series ei nen second predetermined distance (S) has that the first specific distance (S ₁ ) coincides with the acoustic transit time of said lower frequency (F) and the second specific distance (S) with the transit time of said higher frequency (F ₁ ), that the difference between the low frequency transit time over the said first distance (S ₁ ) and the high frequency transit time over the said second specific distance (S ₂ ) corresponds to the compressed duration of the pulse energy at the said output electrodes (99). 17, control circuit according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the Scanning - 25 - 409814/0458 M073P-1020 Defrost and storage circuit a first capacitor (114) with small capacitance3 value contains that a MOSPET slement (113) is provided to control the charging time of said capacitor (114), that a second capacitor (117) of high capacity value it is provided that a fast switch (115) to control the charging time of the second capacitor (117) in accordance with the Charging of the first capacitor (114) is provided, with which the first capacitor is charged. 1Q. Control circuit according to claim 17, characterized in characterized in that in the sample and store circuit between the fast switch and an amplifier (116) is disposed on said second capacitor. 19. Control circuit according to claim 18, characterized in that g e identifier I think that a fast switch (59) is provided in the sample and store circuit for transferring the stored in the second capacitor (117) Charge to the processing circuit. - 26 - A098U / 0458