DE2330662A1 - STEAM OPERATED SHEARING MACHINE FOR TUBES, FOR EXAMPLE POTATOES, FRUITS AND THE LIKE - Google Patents

Description

Dipi.-iog. H. Seiler Dipi.-ing. J. Pfenning Dipi.-Phys. KH Meinig

1 Berlin 19

Oldenburgallee 1O Tel. 0311/304 55 21 3O4 55 22

Wireword: cable rescue patent Postscheckkto. Bln.W. 59

l; j. June 1973 Pf / bchu

APPABATJaNi ¹ ABRIjSK FLO RIGO BV, Edisonweg 10, Woerden, the Netherlands

Steam peeling machine for tubers, e.g. potatoes, fruits and the like

i) The invention relates to a steam operated Peeling machine for tubers, for example potatoes, fruits and the like.

In such peeling machines, in particular potatoes with steam at a temperature of about 15O ⁰ C and a pressure of 7-8 atm. treated, whereby after a certain treatment time, for example after 30 - 60 seconds, the steam pressure is suddenly and abruptly reduced. The cells in the surface layer underneath the skin of the potatoes are brought to the boiling point, and the sudden pressure drop in the kettle causes the skin to break through

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heated to boiling temperature, in the cells of the surface layer Moisture in the potato is detached from the potato. Steam is an excellent one Heat transfer medium, so that the treatment time is short

is. j

They are continuously working with steam

I operated peeling machines are known, which consist of an elongated pressure vessel in which the potatoes are introduced via a rotating conveyor device at one end and also discharged via a rotating device at the other end. At the discharge end, the potatoes are subjected to a sudden drop in pressure; a screw conveyor is arranged in the pressure vessel to move the potatoes. In this known embodiment, the feed screw arranged in the pressure vessel and the necessary closure elements used for supply and discharge are subject to high wear, so that the maintenance and repair of these devices is time-consuming.

'Ha is also known a steam-powered peeling device, which consists of a pressure vessel which is around a

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horizontal axis is rotatable and has an opening for the input and removal of the material to be peeled, the can be closed by a lid-like closure member. The closure member can by means of a control device optionally in the open or closed position are transferred, and for supplying and removing the steam is at least one line opening into the pressure vessel intended. This peeling machine works discontinuously. The lid-like closure member is inside the pressure vessel arranged and is movable perpendicular to the opening of the boiler by means of a also arranged in the pressure vessel Cylinder arrangement. When the closure member is to be brought into the closed position, it is under the cylinder piston Steam supplied, whereby the piston is moved by the steam against the action of a return spring, Kach Covering a certain distance, the piston passes a number of holes in the cylinder wall, so that the steam can enter the pressure vessel. The opening of the pressure vessel is released when the Steam is released, the opening of the boiler being effected by the return spring.

If the pressure from the boiler is quickly released, and the closure member also quickly in the open position

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is brought, the residual pressure prevailing in the boiler also quickly degraded by a few tenths of an atmosphere. If, on the other hand, the pressure from the boiler is gradually released is, which can be found in the cells of the surface layer of the Potatoes existing moisture do not exert sudden pressure on the peel, so that this in considerable Measures stick to the potatoes. If the boiler pressure drops suddenly, the surface layer is the Potatoes, in which the liquid in the cells is brought to boiling temperature, are relatively weak.

This known, discontinuous, steam-operated peeling machine has the following disadvantages. The piston / cylinder arrangement for actuating the locking device is surrounded by water, shells and starch, which leads to significant wear and corrosion. The spring provided in the piston-cylinder assembly is large Subject to temperature fluctuations and therefore tire very quickly. The closing organ, which is perpendicular to the surface of the Kettle opening is movable, hinders loading and unloading of the kettle. This results in time differences between the time the goods are in the boiler and the time of action of the steam, which is not negligible are small; therefore has the one affected by the steam

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Surface layer of the potato below the peel no constant thickness. In addition, the throughput time is

relatively low. The piston-cylinder arrangement took up a relatively large proportion of the volume of the pressure vessel, so that the Wutz volume of the boiler is relatively small.

The present invention is based on the known, discontinuous steam powered peeling machine. It is based on the task of improving this peeling machine in such a way that that the above-mentioned disadvantages are omitted and to create a peeling machine in which the necessary Actuators are not subject to any wear and tear, avoiding the use of a return spring is, in which the closing organ is the filling and emptying of the boiler is not obstructed, so that the time difference between: the residence time of the goods in the boiler and the treatment time with steam is negligibly small and a faster throughput is achieved, and the boiler volume to the full is available as usable volume

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the cover-like closure member with its in the closed position external surface rotatably attached to a lever

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is, which by means of an actuator attached to the outside of the boiler around one at the free end of the lever attacking, arranged outside the boiler axis is rotatable, and that on the boiler inner wall at least one sliding is arranged with a protruding part from the inner surface of the closure member guide member.

Further features emerge from the subclaims.

Characterized in that the top of the closure member is rotatably arranged on a lever which is through the outside of the Actuating device arranged in the boiler can be pivoted about an axis, this axis is outside the boiler, at least one being arranged on the inside wall of the boiler Guide member is provided which is slidably connected to a part protruding from the rear side of the closure member is.

As a result, the lid-like closure member can move into the open position in a direction perpendicular to the boiler opening can be tilted lying position, whereby it is moved at the same time in .Direction on the boiler wall. With this open Position, the closure member can fill and

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Do not, or only slightly, obstruct the emptying of the pressure vessel. In the dwell time and in the treatment time with steam practically no differences occur, so that the surface layer influenced by the steam is constant has minimal thickness.

Because the Betatiiuttesvorriohtung arranged outside the boiler it is not subject to any influence from water, peel or starch and no major changes in temperature, so that it experiences practically no wear and tear and no corrosion. The useful volume of the pressure vessel is not reduced by the actuator. Since the final link has no obstruction during filling and Emptying the pressure vessel, the time required for a working cycle is reduced by 20 seconds Which leads to an increase in the throughput of 2U # compared to the well-known peeling machine.

The actuation device works reliably because it consists of a double-acting pneumatic piston-cylinder arrangement consists of an air pressure line via a rotating coupling through part of the axis of rotation the pressure vessel is fed through.

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The one from the underside of the lid-like closing organ The protruding part consists of a fork, into which a pipe attached to the inside of the kettle serves as a guide Bolt engages · It is of course also possible that a protruding Bolt is arranged which engages in a fork attached to the inside of the boiler wall.

The accompanying drawings show an exemplary embodiment of the invention, and it means:

1 schematic side view of the peeling machine in partial section,

Fig. 2 plan view according to Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 partial representation of the boiler in an enlarged Scale according to FIG. 1 with in the closed position the closure member located,

FIG. 4 shows the representation according to FIG. 3 with in the open position located closing organ.

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The peeling machine consists of a pressure vessel I with appropriately thick steel walls which are attached to stands 4. A sprocket 5 is attached to one of the pivot pins 2, through which the sprocket can the pressure vessel are set in rotation by a chain not shown, which is also not shown by a Electric motor can be operated iat.

The boiler has an opening 7 for filling and for Emptying. This opening 7 can be a cover-like one Closure element can be closed · The closure element is via a pivot point arranged on its outer surface connected to a lever 10 bent in an L-shape. The free The end of the lever 10 is connected to an axle 11 by welding in the support bearings 12 on the outside of the kesa are arranged, the axis 11 can be rotated. The rotation of the axis 11 in a certain angular range A pneumatic piston-cylinder arrangement 12 is used, the piston rod of which is connected to the axis 11 via an intermediate lever 13 connected is. The piston-cylinder assembly 12 is at their. The end can be rotated around the point 14

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Two forks 15 protrude into the pressure vessel 1 from the underside of the cover-like closure member 8. Each of the Forks 15 are in sliding engagement with a bolt in the pressure vessel 1 parallel to the vessel wall is attached to the axis of rotation of the boiler, as Fig. 1 shows.

As evidenced by tfig. 3 and 4, the Piston rod of the piston assembly 12 the Versehlußf organ 8 tilted by 90 ° and this on the side wall of the Pressure vessel 1 moves.

During loading and unloading of the pressure vessel, therefore, the closure member 8 is, as Fig. 4 does not show any obstruction is such that the residence time of the material are no weaent loan differences in the pressure vessel 1 and in the time of treatment with steam.

The first part of the opening movement of the closure member is vertical. In this area, the boiler pressure is directed practically perpendicular to the closure member 8, thereby facilitating the opening, which is particularly important when there is some excess pressure in the boiler The actuating device 12 of the closure member 8 is arranged outside the boiler 1 and is therefore subject

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little wear and tear and corrosion. The boiler volume can be used to the full extent

In the closed position, the closure member 8 rests against an elastic sealing ring 19, which is in a Rimgnut of a flange 18 is arranged with the the boiler flange 17 surrounding the opening 7 is connected by bolts. In the drawing there is the sealing ring from an O-ring. However, it is also possible at the bottom Edge of the flange 18 to arrange a sealing ring with a conical surface and the edge of the closure member with to provide a corresponding conical surface.

The pneumatic piston-cylinder arrangement is double-acting, so that the use of one arranged in the cylinder No return spring. The air pressure lines 21, 22 (Fig. 1) are via a rotatable coupling 13 and one of the bearings 3 led to the cylinder 12, the Lines 21, 22 are arranged at the two ends of the cylinder. Each of the compressed air lines 21, 22 has a three-way valve 24, 25 which can be actuated electromagnetically. The lines 21, 22 can optionally be connected to a compressed air line and a relief line. One in the pressure vessel 1

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opening steam line 26 is through the other pivot pin φ and the other bearing 3 is connected to the pressure vessel 1. The steam line is equipped with a steam supply 28 and a steam discharge 29, which by electromagnetic Valves 30, 31 can be actuated.

Immediately above the kettle is a funnel 32

arranged with a pivotable bottom, not shown The floor is suspended from springs and can only be swung into the open position when that is on it weight has reached a certain value. A conveying device 33 is assigned to the funnel 32, through which the potatoes are fed into the hopper 32. Another funnel 34 is located below the pressure vessel 1 arranged, under which one of the removal of the treated potatoes serving conveyor device 35 is arranged.

The peeling machine works as follows «

Potatoes, the skin of which is to be removed, are through the conveying element 33 is entered into the hopper 32 when the weight of the potatoes resting on the bottom of the hopper has reached a certain height, the floor swings into the

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Open position, and the potatoes fall through the opening 7 into the pressure vessel 1, the closure member 8 is perpendicular to the opening 7, like Pig. 4 shows.

When the left side of the cylinder of the piston-cylinder assembly 12, such as Pig. 3 and 4 shows}, is connected to the compressed air line and the other end of the cylinder with the relief line, the closure member 8 is tilted into the closed position according to Fig. 3. Then the valve 30 is opened, through the steam with a pressure of 7- 8 atm. uni a! temperature of about 15O ⁰ C in the pressure vessel 1 flows. During the treatment period the pressure vessel 1 is rotated by the sprocket 5 in rotation so that all the potatoes received in the vessel 1 to be treated uniformly. Dureh this treatment is a relatively thin layer of potatoes lying below the skin is ^{heated to a temperature of 100 °} C. or more.

Then the pressure vessel 1 is stopped with its opening pointing downwards. To a sudden and sudden To achieve pressure drop, the valve 30 is closed and the valve 31 and the closure member 8 very opened in quick succession. With the sudden drop in pressure

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stretches, the moisture in the thin surface layer the potato exploded, causing the

The peel is loosened from the potato.

The potatoes fall via the funnel 34 onto the conveyor element 35 and are taken away.

The pressure vessel 1 is then rotated by 180 °, whereupon a new work cycle can begin.

With regard to its construction, the peeling machine can experience modifications within the scope of the invention. For example, the forks 15 can be replaced by bolts and the bolts 16 by forks. Likewise, instead of the piston-cylinder assembly 12, an electromagnet can be used.

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Claims (1)

Expectations 1.J Steam-operated peeling machine for tubers, beiepielsweiae Potatoes, fruits and the like, consisting of one about an approximately horizontal axis rotatable pressure vessel with one of the loading and emptying of the vessel serving opening, the one by means of an actuating device in an open and Closing position transferable closure member is assigned, and from a steam line opening into the boiler for supplying and removing superheated steam, characterized in that the lid-like closure member is rotatable with its outer surface in the closed position is attached to a lever by means of an actuator attached to the outside of the boiler is rotatable about an engaging at the free end of the lever, arranged outside half of the boiler axis, and that on the inside wall of the boiler at least one sliding with one of the inner surface of the locking member protruding part connected Guiding member arranged is. - 16 409829/0254 - JLd - j 2. soling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that j that the actuationBPrevention consists of a double acting pneumatic piston-cylinder arrangement, and that on the piston-cylinder arrangement provided, the supply and discharge of the compressed air serving line via a rotatable coupling through a part the axis of rotation of the pressure vessel is guided. 5. peeling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the from the inside of the locking element protruding part from a fork and the guide member arranged on the inside of the boiler consists of a bolt that engages in the fork 409829/0254