DE2308154A1 - EXPLOSIVES CONTAINING HEXOGEN, OCTOGEN AND TRINITROTOLUENE - Google Patents

Description

Explosives containing hexogen, octogen and trinitrotoluene

"Hexolites" are mixtures of "Hexogen * ¹ or Oyclotrimethylene trinitramine" and "Tolite" including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. The mixtures in which the tolite plays the role of the explosive binder for the hexagon particles are used for loads of different ammunition such as grenades, bombs, mines, etc. The production of hexolites is usually carried out by stirring hexogen and geeehaolaeneia tolite and filtering the mixture in the desired form at a temperature above the melting point dj »Tollte.

This type of production * requires satisfaction * knows "r" nt gegengeoetztdr conditions, and "was mxB to r

550- (3 421) HÖH «

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the viscosity of the mixture for casting should be reasonably low, while on the other hand the concentration of the hexogen, which is the powerful explosive of the mixture and which is largely present in crystallized form in the molten material, should be as high as possible.

To increase the hexogen content in the hexolite, the Hexogen generally crystallized in liquid tolite

ediment and only uses the lower part of the bo err? y ^r heltenen hexolite, in which the hexogen content is highest,

}] _T; i, V One of the hitherto used method of increasing the * "*"_'r''Hexogengehaltes in Hexolit consists in the simultaneous Ver _{i (jv} turn of hexogen with different grain sizes _f di &hLF> A, e ^r / ° b, medium and fine, so that the spaces between 'j ~~ -, J \ j Äen coarser grains are largely filled ^{with fine-grained material 3} * "".

\ j - an increase in the explosiveness of the ammunition thanks to the increase in the / · Hezogenantell, the mixture being easy to pour and the "" final charge remaining homogeneous;

,, * - © ine reduction of the need to use special ;;,! ', / · Processes such as sedimentation to increase the density of the

strongest or most energetic explosives in the lower ** Layers while the top layers are removed and if necessary at

reused in a later manufacture; - © ine reduction of the production costs of explosive charges,

^ since the protruding part "d h _e., the remote and possibly re-used in a later jiyr Pertigung proportion, reduced and more easily reusable 1st, because the Hexogenanteil contained therein is increased.

Hexogen® was used, which was obtained by mixing fraction © !! with more than 60% by weight of KöxneTii of a size over 500 yu with fractions, dl © littleitona to 80% from grains with

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a size below 300 η exist, was obtained.

Hexogen materials from coarse grains with a grain size of 315 to 800 μ and fine grains with maximum dimensions below 200 μ have also been proposed. With a 60/40 (by weight) mixture of these two hexogens in a 70/30 hexolite (70% by weight of hexogen per 30% by weight of tolite), products with a viscosity of 9 seconds (measured with the EFFLUX viscometer at 85 ⁰ G) and a density of 1.75 in the lower half of the charge obtained after casting in vacuo and sedimentation.

Mixtures of different fractions with grain sizes of 630/1000 μ , 100/200 μ or 0/100 μ were also frequently used.

The viscosity of 60/20/20 mixtures of such fractions with Tollt in the ratio 75/25 (75 % hexogen per 25 # Tolite) is 16 Ms 24 seconds (measured with the EFFLUX viscometer at 85 ^C /

As already indicated above, the preparation of such mixtures requires a maximum Hexogen density of the charge a sedimentation subsequent to pouring in the molten mixture. Only the lower one Part is then used for the explosive charge, while the other, or "protruding" part, is recovered and reinserted Mixture is melted with a new amount of hexolite.

Unfortunately, it now turns out that the viscosity of the hexolites increases as a result of repeated melting. This phenomenon, referred to as "Degradation ¹¹ ", depends on the number of meltings that have already taken place

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! Temperature at which the melting process is carried out and The length of time during which the molten state is maintained will appear more or less quickly.

| J λ Incidentally, it should be noted that the manufacturer for the generation Hexolites supplied by explosive charges as starting material have already undergone a melting process for the coating de-i Hexogens with tolite, which clearly shows the importance of the Underlines the stability of the viscosity during the melting process.

It has now been found that the partial or complete replacement of the fine-grain hexogen fraction of these mixtures by a fine-grain fraction of "octogen" or cyclotetramethylenetetramine of sensitively identical grain size with otherwise unchanged conditions surprisingly permitted the above specified phenomenon of degradation, which manifests itself in an increase in viscosity during successive melting processes, greatly diminish or even suppress.

In particular, you can use the fine-grain hexogen fraction, the 10 to. 50 ^c / o of the total hexogen, completely or partially replaced by a fine-grained octogen fraction, the optimal portion of the exchange being between 15 and 25 $> of the total hexogen. gens lies.

^r % The hexogen introduced into the molten tolite may have previously been coated with tolite, which reduces its sensitivity. ''

It is also possible to replace the fine-grain hexogen fraction in whole or in part by an equivalent fraction which

3 & / Q / 83.5.

läurch crystallized together with Octogen (i'aynkiiatalliertea ") ! Hexogen is formed with average proportions of 75/25, which vary from 60/40 to 85/15. These with !! Hexö-Octo " ! designated crystals are especially during the production from octogen starting from nitric acid and hexamethylene-It et ramin received.

ρ /

I The following table I summarized

isuchaergabnisae illustrate the practice of the invention run hexogen-tolite mixtures with a weight ratio of 175/25 achieved improvements.

r '

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Table I.

Ver
search
No. Grain size distribution of the hexogen 100-200 / ι 0-100 / 1 Octogen proportion in the total
amount of Hexogen + Octogen 100-200 / ι Viscosity (EFFLUX) 2.
Enamel
voreanp; 3.
- Schm.
vors. 630-800 / α 0-100 / a 1.
Melting

1
2

65 65

5
0

0 5

r; 6 ".19.2. 24.2

(., T '': 16.0: 22.0

■ ι ·

:

60 60

55 55

10
0

0 10 ··

15th

-0 15

I2y5 ': 15 »1: 22.4 1U3! 13, '3: 16.1 29.9- ^v : 40

: 120

22.2 -: 25.3: 29.2

60

60

20th

60

* Experiments with 73/27 hexolites

20th

20th

% 19.2 i 24 , 2 23081!
I. : To ₇ 9 : 15.7 -: 17 , 7 ^: 15.8 ^: 16.2 ^: 18 A.

These attempts were carried out with each remelting of the same Hexollts, thus obtaining completely comparable results could become. It is clear that industrially only the "protruding portion" is melted several times.

If you compare experiments 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8, see above one finds in all cases that the increase in viscosity during the remelting operations by adding Octogen is greatly reduced. Experiment No. 9 also shows that the introduced octogen fraction can have a grain size of 100 to 200 ρ.

A containing a 23 ° / o tollt mixture experiment carried out no. 10 shows that the viscosity remains very acceptable with such a small Iolitanteil. One can certainly reduce the Tolitanteil the mixture under the condition that higher viscosities may be admitted, which then require the use of special sedimentation as centrifugation or the application of vibration, whereby the Tolitanteil can be up to the neighborhood of 10 i »reduced .

A table was used as an example for experiments 3, 4, 5 and 6 for the flowability losses (in percentages) related to ax flowability during the first melting.

Each r. f

Try Jir. 3 4th 5 6th Loss of fluidity
at the 1st melting -21 ok -18 ok -34 ok -16 ok Loss of fluidity
at the 2nd melting -79 % -43 ok -300 ° / o
minimal -32 Jt

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On the basis of the values for experiments 4 and 6 with the mixtures according to the invention, it can be seen very clearly that the properties clearly improved by Octogen »

This improvement was also made in T'5 / '25 hexolites Replacement of the fine-grain hexogen fraction by the product of the common referred to above as "Hexo-Octo" or "Synkristallisaticm" achieved by Hexogen and Octogen. To the ^ Explanation below are the results of two with this Tests carried out on the product.

Grain size of the explosive (μ) 100/200
Hexogen 0/100
Hexogen Viscosity (EFPLUX) 2. Melting
9000 3. Melt
zen 90 ⁰ C 630/800
Hexogen 20th 20th 1. Melting
85 ⁰ O • 13.4 13.4 60 20th 20th 15.8 15.0 14.6 60 14.4

A remarkable stabilization of the viscosity is observed with repeated melting.

The tests were also carried out on mixtures containing only 2 grain sizes of the crystallized explosive, to clearly show the generality of the invention. Included the following mixtures in particular were compared, of which only the composition of the crystallized explosive is given. The tolite was always in quantities of 25 wt. ^ Present.

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- - -
crystallized explosive Hexogen
0/200 / u r
viscosity 2. Melting
90 ⁰ G 5. Melting
90 ⁰ C Hexogen
800/1000 µ 40 1. Melting
85 ⁰ C 24.0 50.2 60 Octogen 0/200 / u
40 22.5 19.4 22.0 '60 19.8

It has also been observed that the temperature at which the first melting takes place plays an important role the further development of the viscosity during subsequent melting processes.

The values given below as an example illustrate this result.

U)
Dctogen content
of the total men
ge of hexogen
+ Octogen Temperature for the
Melting process 2. Melt
Zen 3. Melt
Zen Viscosity (EFFIUX) Schmel
Zen 3.
Schmel
Zen ο ο ο ο
CM CM 1. Melt
Zen 90 ⁰ G
90
90
90 90 ⁰ C
90
90
90 1.
Schmel
Zen 19.2
16.2
30th
17.8 24.2
18.4
30th
21.2 85 ⁰ C
85
90
90 17.6
15.8
17.7
15.8

(x) The Oxtogen used had a grain size of 100-200 μ.

It can be seen that the implementation of the first jewel ^ zvorgangss at about 85 ⁰ C significantly reduced viscosities during the second and third Schmelzvorgängö.

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By juxtaposing experiments 1 and? on the one hand and 2 and 4 on the other hand from Table I it can also be seen that the aging appears from the first melting on, which is carried out for a charge of ammunition and that this formation occurs through the introduction of a fine-grained octogen fraction W ₉ Ww ** «*« «parts of Hexogen is weakened with the same grain size.

IfIf'ipSip 1 <.- "

WBWWS. : ^{m Ls hand} oiled itself around a manifestation of the same Il 111 ^ phenomenon of aging. What is called the first melting process here is actually the second, since ^{it erodes} " ^As stated above - the one who is the

Ensuring that Hexogen and Octogen are wrapped with Toll

made possible.

It follows from all the foregoing that the replacement of part of HEB Hexogens in Hexoliten through a fine-grained Octogenfraktion whose grain size tee sensitive lower than 1st diejenig * brings Hexogens following improvements with it%

- decrease in viscosity in the molten state}

j - Reduction in successive melting operations appearing appearance of "degradation", which is otherwise expressed in such an increase in viscosity that up to can go to the complete prevention of the casting process}

ί - Improvement of the sedimentation of the crystalline explosive

atoffs in the melted Tollt, what the density of the most explosive Explosives in the lower layers of the explosive

■■ q. ven mixture increased;

- Economy by reducing the »protruding Share "}

- Improvement of the detonation speed by around 100 m / s for 40 jL Octogen, which compensates for the increased price of the Octogen compared to Hexogen} and

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Claims (5)

Claims Pourable explosive based on crystallized explosives with a high detonation rate and frinitrotoluene, characterized by a content of 40 to 90% by weight of the crystallized explosive with a high detonation rate and 10 to 60% by weight of trinitrotoluene, where 10 to 50% » of the crystallized explosives with high detonation speed are formed by octogen and the remainder by hexogen. 2. An explosive according to claim 1, characterized in that 15 to 25 io of the crystallized explosive are formed with a high detonation rate by octogen. 3. explosive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the grain size of the octogen is between 0 and 300 ^ i. 4. explosive according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that instead of the pure octogen crystals of together with Octogen in proportions ranging from 6Ο / 4Ο to 85/15 for the individual components hexogen or octogen crystallized hexogen are used, in particular obtained during the manufacture of octogen from hexamethylenetetramine. 5. A method for producing and processing the explosives according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the first melting of the blasting mix at about 85 ° C takes place, while the later melting processes are carried out at about 90 ° C. , · 309839/0835