DE2264102A1 - PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE METAL BODIES - Google Patents

Description

Process for manufacturing composite metal bodies

The invention relates to a method for the production of composite metal bodies, namely bimetallic and polymetallic bodies, in particular for the production of plugs, shut-off parts, closing elements, blocks, pins or the like as well as the products obtained by the process. The invention therefore particularly relates to the production of bimetallic or polymetallic bodies in which the metallic components are connected to one another by a metallurgical bond.

In a previous U.S. Patent 3,604,102 a method for the production of bimetallic tubular connection

309831/0866

_ ₂ _ 226A102

Co-extrusion of two tubular coaxial metal masses described, which are inserted into one another so that they form an ingot, the metal masses consisting of metals, j which have non-reciprocal affinity in metallurgical His.

As pointed out in this patent, metallurgical affinity is the property by which some metals have the same or similar crystal lattices so that, under appropriate physical conditions, interdiffusion of the atoms of one metal into the atomic lattice of the other metal can occur. \

Two metals that have reciprocal metallurgical affinity in their pure or alloyed state are for example Zirconium and iron, so that these two metals can be bonded together with a metallurgical bond, such that they have a bimetallic or pole / metallic Form body.

The compounds thus obtained, commonly called transition compounds are designated, show interesting properties or characteristics, due to which some special technical problems can be solved.

In the field of nuclear technology, the new

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Use turns advantageous to the extent that their Use an expensive material, such as zirconium and its alloys, on that area (core) within of the reactor in which the neutron flux is present and where a material of low neutron absorption, such as zirconium is required. By means of these transition connections, the zirconium structure elements, which are arranged within the reactor core with less expensive materials such as Structures or components made of stainless steel, which are located outside the core, are connected, i.e. in those areas of the reactor where neutron economy is not a major problem.

This is typically the case with fuel _{rods which comprise a Zircaloy 2 tube encased in a stack of UO 2} sintered ceramic bodies and sandwiched between two stainless steel header plates. (Type 304-L stainless steel has a composition of 19% Cr, 10 % Ni, 0.03% C with the balance iron. Zircaloy 2 has a composition of 0.02 % Hf, 0.12 Pe, 1.46 Sn, 0.05 Ni with iron as the remainder.)

A similar case occurs when using fuel rods other metal components are to be connected, for example for measuring purposes. One can see without further ado that in the

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In both of the aforementioned cases, the connection is only to be arranged at the end of each rod and preferably in the area of the plugs or end pieces on the rod ends.

However, according to the method of the aforementioned US patent, only bimetallic or polymetallic pipe sections are produced, in which the different metal sections or parts, which the bimetallic or polymetallic Form pipe section, are arranged successively along the axis of symmetry of the pipe and coaxially thereto. For this The disadvantage can be seen that only pipe components can be achieved by the method of this patent. Therefore the AnmeEerin in a parallel application another process for the production of bimetallic or polymetallic Proposed body in which the metallic components are connected to one another by a metallurgical bond. With this method, specifically bimetallic or polymetallic plugs or sealing parts or the like can be produced ^ consisting of two or more coaxial sections or parts with radial symmetry around the same axis, the bonding of each metal to the adjacent metal or metals in these plugs, terminations or the like is present along a cylindrical border bottle, which is coaxial with the axis of symmetry of the plug, end part or the like.

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For example, in the case of a bimetallic plug or the like. Such a cylindrical interface is on a End limited by a plane which contains the end face of the plug o. The like. While it is through at the other end a plane containing the annular surface is delimited by the difference between the diameters of the two adjacent sections or parts that make up the stopper.

The line of intersection of this interface and the annular surface appears as a transition line on the latter, the then, when the plug is inserted into the tube of the rod, facing the inside of the tube of the rod and corrosion exposed and brittle. In fact, some gases that are already present inside the rod are particular Hp, able, preferably the area of the plug corrode along the transition line.

The invention therefore proposes a method for producing bimetallic or polymetallic bodies serves, which have radial symmetry about a longitudinal axis, and in particular a massive cylindrical shape whose cross-section may or may not be circular, these solids being obtained by taking the elements of a pair of j or connects more than a pair of masses, which ^

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consist of different metals, the metals each Pairs have reciprocal metallurgical affinity or connectivity.

! Specifically, this process can make bimetallic

or polymetallic plugs, end pieces or the like. Hergei
j represents in which the interface or boundary layer

the interface between two adjacent metals cut only through the side surface of the plug or the like

^; is, that is, only through the surface that is parallel to the

Plug o. The like. Runs and not through the surfaces that

! run perpendicular to it. In this way the danger is

avoid that the transition line in contact with any

! Reactant comes inside the fuel rod.

! It was stated in the aforementioned parallel application that

! when the conventional techniques are used in order to connect the metal components of a plug or the like to one another, that is to say to techniques which include the formation of liquid phases, the results obtained therewith are unacceptable, since in this case there are also considerable amounts of intermetallic compounds which by their own nature are fragile and affect the mechanical strength of the connection. consequently, there arises a need for a connection method to have available that is not the training

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of liquid phases, which includes the metals in question, for example zirconium and iron, by means of a bond connects with each other, which does not affect the mechanical properties or characteristics of the connected metals.

The plug, final part ο. Like., by the inventive The method is made up of two or more cylindrical parts, which will be explained later in the process specific trap simply consist of two parts, one made of stainless steel and the other made of zircon, which attach to their ends facing each other are connected to one another or bound to one another.

In this way, the plug, closure part or the like obtained in this way is suitable with its steel end on any steel structure outside the reactor core and by means of its zirconium end to a zirconium component e inside the nuclear core or Eeaktorcores to be fed; the welding or welding of the two ends of the plug o. The like. Is with performed conventionally.

Exploding molding, forging, hammering, pressing, rolling and Extrusion or extrusion are among the processes for producing a metallurgical bond between different Metals without the affected metals having to pass through their liquid state.

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All of the above-mentioned methods are characterized in that the metals concerned are at the moment in which the metallurgical bond is formed are in a plastic state. Among these processes is the extrusion or extrusion technology particularly promising.

The inventive method differs, although it does

based on the extrusion or extrusion technology, essential! of the known procedures. I.

Structural elements or components made of several metals, however, for the sake of clarity, the following process steps are related to structural components or bodies or components or bodies made of only two metals:

a) making two solid semi-cylindrical blocks, which are of the same length and each of which consists of a metal having metallurgical affinity with respect to of the other metal;

b) Production of a cylindrical shell made of a flexible, ductile, malleable o. The like. Metal, which is used for Inclusion of the blocks with loose play in them is suitable;

c) cleaning and degassing the blocks and shell;

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d) inserting the semi-cylindrical blocks into the envelope, wherein the respective surfaces to be bonded face each other; the structure that includes the two blocks, is also known as ingot;

e) evacuation of the envelope of all gases contained therein and vacuum-tight closing of the same;

f) heating the encapsulated billet to the temperature corresponding to its plastic state;

g) extruding the billet through a

circular or rectangular die, creating a cylindri-f

see rod is obtained in which the aforesaid semi-cylindrical blocks after extrusion are metallurgically bonded to one another or connected to one another along the surfaces facing one another;

h) cutting through the thus obtained extruded or extruded Rod in sections, each of which is sized so that you can get out of each section just by machining operations the final bimetallic structural component or components Body receives;

i) removing the co-extruded sheath ^j from the remainder of each section;
and

j) machining the remainder of each section so as to obtain the desired bimetallic body.

It should be noted that the bimetallic body with

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j radial symmetry obtained by this method, has an axis of symmetry which is also the longitudinal axis of the body perpendicular to the extrusion or extrusion axis, while according to the known method, the longitudinal axis of the bimetallic body is usually parallel to the Ertrudierungs- or extrusion axis runs.

j It should also be noted that the encapsulated

! Ingot more than two components and more than two different-

ϊ may include borrowed metals, and that the component form a

ι can be other than the semi-cylindrical shape. For example two or more components having a rectangular cross-section can be used if this is economical

and / or technical criteria are required, as can be seen with greater clarity from the following examples.

The main aim of the invention is to create a method with which bimetallic or polymetallic bodies are involved radial symmetry can be produced about a longitudinal axis, specifically for the production of bimetallic or polymetallic cylindrical bodies, in which bodies the different metals adjoining one another joined by a metallurgical bond along the substantially flat, mutually facing surfaces are; these bodies are of high quality ^ - valuable metallurgical bond of the metals in question

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^! characterized, as well as by good reproducibility,

by a high operational safety standard and by relative

! low manufacturing costs.

Furthermore, the invention is intended to develop a method for producing bimetallic or polymetallic bodies, in which the area along which the component metals are metallurgically bonded to one another is precisely delimited

! and as a result, a large amount of waste is avoided.

j In addition, the invention provides a method for producing bimetallic or polymetallic bodies in which the adjacent surfaces under different metals have a constant shape and are such that the transition line, i.e. the intersection of the adjacent surfaces and the outer surface of the end body, always on the circumferential surface of the j body appears, i.e. on the surface of the body that is parallel to its symmetry or longitudinal axis.

Finally, the invention provides a method for Manufacture of bimetallic or polymetallic bodies created by a majority of these bodies from one single co-extruded or co-extruded rod obtained becomes, and whereby the connection or connections;

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all the same between the different metals have technological characteristic, so that the mass production and quality control of the final product is facilitated.

The above and further advantages and features of the invention are explained in more detail below using a number of particularly preferred exemplary embodiments shown in the figures of the drawing. For better clarity, the exemplary embodiments that are explained with reference to the drawing mainly relate to the production of cylindrical bimetallic bodies with a circular cross-section - for example bimetallic plugs, end pieces ο. Like. For fuel rods in a nuclear reactor - in which the surface along which the two metals are metallurgically bonded to each other lies on a plane which is perpendicular to the cylinder axis in the center thereof. Of course, as already indicated, the invention is not limited to such geometric shapes. It shows

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an ingot consisting of two semi-cylindrical blocks or components, which have the same shape and adjoin one another by means of flat surfaces, the blocks in a vacuum-tight envelope with a cylindrical circular Form are included.

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Figure 2 ei ¹³ · ⁶¹¹ cross section of the cylindrical part of the barrens Pig. 1;

Figure 3 ö an intermediate state of the extrusion or. Rake Process step which is carried out on the ingot of FIG. 1 and by which of a circular Die a round bimetal coextruded rod is obtained}

Figure 4 is a cross section of the coextruded round rod obtained by the procedural step of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is an illustration of the Verfahronssehrittes which a bimetallic stopper, end part or the like. From the coextruded round rod through a Handling process is obtained;

Figure 6 shows the cross section of the same ingot of FIG

State in which it is used for extrusion or extrusion is ready through a rectangular die; ι Figure 7 shows a cross section by extrusion or extrusion the bimetallic bar obtained from the billet of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is an illustration of a different arrangement of the active elements which make up the ingot of Figure 6 encompassing;

Figure 9 is a cross-section of the rods obtained from the ingot FIG. 8 obtained after extrusion through a wedge-shaped die;

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Figure 1o an illustration of an alternative form of the
Case for a pearling bar;

Pigur 11 a cross section of the rod that one made from the ingot ■ according to Fig. 1 ο received after this by a wedge-shaped Die extruded or extruded is;

Pigur 12 is a modification of the ingot of FIG. 1o;

Pigur 13 a cross-section of the stan e seen from the ingot

according to Fig. 1o after extrusion or extrusion
. obtained through a circular die;

Figure 14 is an illustration of an ingot which is the same or similar to that of Figure 12, but one
Has different shapes of ridges, edges, overhangs or the like, which are provided on the surface of the harder material that is to be connected to or bound to the surface of the softer material; and

Pigur 15 shows a cross-section of the rod which can be obtained from the ingot according to FIG. 14 after extrusion or extrusion obtained through a circular die.

Referring to Fig. 1, it should be noted that the
The first process step for the production of bimetallic bodies according to the process of the present invention consists in the production of an encapsulated bar which, for example

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j comprises two semi-cylindrical components 1 and 2, the j
flat side surfaces of these components are arranged so that they face each other, and v / obei also the "two components with respect to the ^ xtrudierun ^" or of extrusion are alternately compatible and alternately have metallurgical affinity or ability to bind. In one embodiment, component 1 is made of stainless steel or stainless steel, while component 2 consists of zirconium or an alloy thereof.

Components 1 and 2, which comprise the active part of the ingot, are then in a shell 3 of cylindrical ^ 'orm, which is also referred to as a casing, sleeve or the like, joined together. This envelope 3 is a vacuum-tight vessel, that from a supple, stretchable, malleable or the like. i'ietall, for example made of iron, is made and pre-fixed Gas is evacuated through connection 4, which is then sealed.

Before inserting or fitting components 1 and 2 in the sheath or sheath 3 are both components and the! Hall 3 together with the connection 4 degreased, and near that Joining them together are all hot-degassed under high vacuum. Of the Purpose of evacuation and vacuum sealing. Concluding of the encapsulated bar consists mainly of

which impurities from the upper-

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to remove surfaces and thereby the metallurgical bond to facilitate.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the ingot of FIG. 1, it should be noted that one of the surfaces to be bonded together has longitudinally extending The incisions 5 have a sharp profile »which is an additional means of improving the metallurgical Binding represents, which has already been explained in the aforementioned patent and the aforementioned patent application is. In fact, there are no such incisions or antennas, ridges, elevations or the like with a sharp profile Surface of the flat side of the harder metal 1 (stainless steel) are provided during the first stage of the Extrudie.rungs- or extrusion process step into the softer metal 2 (zirconium or an alloy thereof) and penetrate thisB, which instantly creates a fresh contact surface between the two metals that is free of any artificial oxidation which would otherwise be a major cause of defective metallurgical bonds would.

The encapsulated, sealed billet is then heated for a predetermined number of hours and in a Maintained temperature range so that it reaches its plastic state, and then it is through a circular Die, as shown for example in Fig. 3,

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extruded or extruded, whereby a composite rod 6 of the in Fif. 4 is obtained in the also the penetration effect of the ridges, edges, elevations or the like. 5 is shown.

To carry out the jixtrudierun.'s or extrusion processÄ step A conventional press for metal extrusion is used or extrusion used, from the Pig. 3 just the thorn the pot die 8, the pot die holder 9 and the plunger. 7 are shown. The arrow in 3 ig. 2 indicates the direction of travel of the Plunger 7 on.

During the actual first stage of jixtrusion or -Extrusion process step, the gaps between the toothed surface of the component 1 and that opposite Surface of component 2 due to the jixvrudierun s or Stranjpreßkraft filled up.

FIG. 5 shows a subsequent process step of the process for producing the fcimetallic bodies which are the subject of the present invention are illustrated. The Icoextruded " Extruded bar Bar 6 obtained from an encapsulated billet is then cut along planes, which run perpendicular to the bar 'so that one

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Sections 1o received. The drafting of each section is such that the final bimetallic body can only be obtained by machining operations. The final body. or the product 11 has the shape of a cylindrical stopper, block, or the like, the longitudinal axis b of which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis a of the extruded or extruded tube. The stopper, block or the like 11 is made up of two essentially identical sections and / or. Parts made of which one part 1 is made of stainless steel and the other part 2 is made of zirconium or one: ¹ zirconia ¹ Un? consists.

Like from Pig. 5 can be seen, the transition line appears as a sawtooth-shaped line 19 on the lateral surface of the plug, block or the like.

Of course, the axis b can be used for certain purposes have a different orientation than the perpendicular course to Axis a.

For the purpose of better utilization of the upgraded resp. extruded Masaen contained in the starting bars 1, 2 this can, as shown in Fig. 6, by a rectangular die or by some other die, the is not circular, extruded or extruded.

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In this case it is easy to see that if a cylindrical stopper, block or the like from a section of the rod 12 (Big. 7) should be v / grounded, a smaller one rial waste arises than in the case of the rod according to FIG. 1.

However, it is known that some disadvantages from the use a die that is not wedge-shaped; these drawbacks cannot be easily overcome and it are the following:

a) A twisting effect due to incorrect machining and finishing of the die, which results in a spiral or helical deformation of the rod about its longitudinal axis

has the consequence.

b) Since tfänae for a longer time stored within the inner layers, the latter are for a longer ^z eitin maintained their plastic state, and thus the inner layers have a tendency to continue to advance with respect to the outer layers, resulting in a deformed rod leads.

c) - ^ ine rectangular die or any other die which is not circular is more expensive than a circular die.

d) Since the two metals of the bar (although extrudie: compatible or stran ^ press-compatible) in the urbanization or extrusion temperature are not exactly the same

309831 / 0Ö6C -20- *

Have plasticity and therefore one of them has the desire! 7, n flow slower than the other, is generally the longitudinal axis of the rod with respect to the nominal extrusion respectively. Deviate extrusion axis and this occurs, as can be readily seen, with a right

ι angular * Latri7, e in a rrö, ⁿ for> ren dimensions than with a circular die i.

The last of the above-mentioned drawbacks ksnn be substantially eliminated daduren \ that a gekreutzte arrangement o'er Could Onen + s 1.2! which represent the active part of the bar. This arrangement conro-

j!

'Siert - at least dan "when stainless steel \ vn * ι zirconium or an alloy thereof can be used - the different plasticities of the two meta] in Extrudif> rungs- or extrusion temperature.

! FIG. 8 shows a single bar that has four components

j, which all have essentially the same cross-section, namely I a quarter circle and the same IAn ₁ Fe. The four components are wrong

j arranged in pairs in a "vlindriechen shell, which by a diametrical ! Partition 21 is divided into two semi-cylindrical compartments. Be on it

j!

pointed out that the partition wall 21 must not be integral with the shell.

A pair of the components mentioned is inserted into each compartment, i.e. a ^ Component from one metal and one component from the other metal. As shown in FIG. 8, the components are made of the harder metal 1 with longitudinal ridges, edges, elevations or the like. on their surfaces provided, which face the adjacent surfaces of the softer metal 2.

man
From the ingot of FIG. 8, according to J & trudation, b ~ .v. Stran <-Oress <-> n 'hirch

⁰ ^ OO «v> .... - 21 -

a rectangular · die a rod 13 (see Figure 9) on which the same
Machining processes are carried out as at the point in FIG. 5
can·

■ The coextruded or extruded mold can be removed by mechanical

i Processing, for example by means of dependent processing, or by

selective chemical attack or selective Chornische Aufzerrun «* · removed

I [

will.
ί With the arrangement according to the ancient ί \ and ^Q , the last of the above were listed;

I I

j eliminated disadvantages in that the metal components each; ι pair interchanged with respect to the components of the other pair or ab- i

i!

! are arranged alternately, creating the tendency of one half of the ingot

^: ι

j to turn the extruded bz \ f. fttranffrepre'-th bar in one direction j

i by the tendency of the other half of the billet to flex the extruded one

j or extruded starve is concretized in the other direction. |

Now the disadvantages according to the first three points of the above list of after-! to switch off sharing, according to a modification or further development of the

ί - i

According to the invention, an ingot is produced which comprises two components 1.2, j

which have substantially the same rectangular cross section and the same
Have length, as well as a shell 14 of cylindrical Bonn, one with it

j has a prismatic cavity, which is used to accommodate the aforementioned Knnmonenten

j is determined therein as in the previous embodiments

I matched.

Through the ^ e TV ^ urtf di »» BrtrudieruriiTS - or. StTBnCTIr ⁰ ^ nPt ^-? "Fi lcrei
i] lun ^ r.pffeV "+. *" fVTn ^ ffich ^ tet. '/ «" ^ den- die enteret · p "" a »if

the I'Iatripo based or on an uneven tempoerattr-

-JW-

distribution.

In this case, the shell material (e.g. iron) can be used as in FIGS previous and subsequent cases of round cruded or extruded / pressed Rod 15 of Figirr 11 either by machining, in particular machining:, or removed by chemical action, j Then you get the bimetallic stencil, block or similar, the «read bid product of the process 'by workers'? it en bzv /. Edits that have already been made have been explained with reference to FIG.

Ira the case of Figure 10, that is, if the ingot has only two components, the effect is still present, which results from the fact that one metal (zirconium and its alloys) flows more slowly through the die than the other metal (frost-free steel), which to a bending of the rod 15 with respect to the nominal axis of the fbrtrudierun ¹ * bsv. of the extrusion process leads.

! This disadvantage can be overcome by using the tool of

; crosswise arrangement of the elements of the single metal in relation to the elements I of the other metal in the formation of an ingot (see FIG. 8) with the use of the filling of FIG. 10, which has a pismatic cavity

combined. ;

According to a further modification or embodiment of the method according to the invention, The purpose of producing bimetallic body extruding j or a Strangnreßvorfrang su be subjected to ingot thus formed, as illustrated in Figure 12 and rtrudierte e-die or stran ^{f <ee} "r <? Pte dog rod 16 which is obtained by having the in Figure H ^{voranscha "'1} ielite training!

The one in Fi ^ iar 1? ^ ezeip + e Fiarren of this execution form ujp.fri'Jt 4 active «» components, which all essentially have the right cross-section - the

let - and have 4 * ^{e of the} same lukewarm. The four components are in pairs in, a «? cylindrical envelope 22 , the latter being provided with two prismatic compartments separated by a diametrical partition? 3} the latter may or may not be integral with the envelope. In each compartment there is inserted a pair of the aforesaid elements, comprising a component made from one metal and a component made from the other metal.

The component made of the higher metal 1 is with longitudinal ridges, Edges, elevations or the like. on that of their surfaces that opposite the softer metal 2 is.

The ingot of FIG. 12 is obtained after extrusion or extrusion through a circular die a round rod 16 - see Figure 15 -, with who carried out the same processing operations or further process steps as we have already explained with reference to FIGS. 5, 7, 9 and.

FIG. 14 shows a further improvement of the method according to the invention illustrates, whereby a further increase in the strength of the bond achieved will. According to this improvement, the slow running ridges, edges, Surveys or similar 17 not symmetrical in relation to a plane which the Contains the apex of each elevation. That means with other advantages that these surveys or the like. if it is perpendicular to the Ertrudierunirs or. Extrusion axis extending plane are cut, similar or similar how saw teeth are. Under the load of the extrusion or extrusion forces such surveys are c.dfrl. progressively so deformed that they take the shape of a hook in cross-section. Therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned effects of the bumps or the like. Which consists in the improvement of the metallurgical bond, the strength of the bond that of the Surveys or the like accepted at the end of the extrusion or extrusion hook-like shape mechanically increased.

:) This effect is further improved if the Säfrezähne 17 with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry C - see Figures 14 and 15 - of each component jfeares are arranged Sjmetrically in the ingot, the last mentioned The plane of symmetry is the plane in which the longitudinal axis of the end body will lie. |

In FIG. 15 there is an extruded or extruded rod 1 & ~ 4 * 3Oifex, SSl which the teeth 17 after the extrusion or. Stmngpressvor. '^ Ane' · have assumed a hook-like shape.

The quantitative aspects of the method according to the invention ^{are illustrated in more detail by the examples of invention 1} below, but the invention is in no way restricted to these examples. Two examples are

while

given in detail, the other examples in Table 1 are summarized. Bas Example I relates to the production of fabrics, 'blocks ο, the like. starting from the ingot according to Figures 1 and 2 _; will. !

Example II, on the other hand, relates to the production of plugs, blocks j

ο «the like, where the ingot according to FIG. 14 is assumed. ;

* i

In Table 1 Bind some process parameters are given in one sentence ▼ on tests have been adopted to verify the reproducibility of the through this : Method obtained stopper or the like. along with the results of these tests

! to be checked or proven.

Example I.

This example refers to a cylindrical billet that has a length

from

of 27o mm and has a circular cross-section 81 mm outer diameter and a sheath of 4 mm thickness. The two semi-cylindrical Components that have the same For * · * and T ^ nre were put into the wrapping inserted with their flat surfaces facing each other. One component was made of AISI Jo4 L stainless steel and was on their flat surface is provided with longitudinal ridges, the shape of which is illustrated by the ridges of the Bpζugosichens 5 in. FIG.

The envelope of the ridges was 2.5 nm. The other component consisted of Zircaloy _: 2. The two active components of Baror. were in a container

closed, the vacuum-tight and from a pressure of less J

. . -3 torr. . .
1.1O was evacuated.

Before the components were introduced into the shell, the Hain cylinder was made from J

i stainless steel and the casing degreased and degassed; the half cylinder from j

Zircaloy had only been diverted, but not degassed, do to avoid the well-known warnings of superficial oxidation at high temperatures.

After heating the billet an oven for two hours at 9oo C ir. He was subjected to Ertrudierung or a Stranmressvorganf, namely the equipment riurch of Figure 3 »wherein the Bruck piston 7 had a speed of o" 4o m per minute.

The following other or further characteristics of the ejctrudation or the Strangoressvo prangs are mentioned below:

a) Bas ratio between the respective lateral surfaces of the billet before and after the Ertrudieren or extrusion was 2.8 to 1. The extruded

or extruded round rod had the following dimensions: 49 mm outer diameter and 42o mm length.

b) The length of time from the moment the ingot was removed from the furnace to the moment the plunger 7 moved

began to move was 9 seconds.

c) The working pressure of the press, which had been kept constant during the extrusion or extrusion process step, was 8o kr oro cn.

_ ₂₇ _

The Qiden of the eroded or extruded rod were under right Angles with respect to the rod axis truncated j from the bidabsohnitten and from a central portion of the rod became three slices of thickness taken from 12 onwards. After polishing, they clearly showed the joining area between the two components, which had resulted in a mutual connection through a metallurgical bond.

Ee were destructive tests and flexural tests performed with standardized methoder matched, on the bimetallic stopper, blocks or the like. executed, which have been heated by machining processes using the ilgur 5 process was; the results of these tests were satisfactory.

Example Π

This example relates to a cylindrical ingot with a circular cross-section of 81 ram outside diameter and an internal diameter of 270 mm. The billet comprised four components which had the same configuration as in Figure 14, the cross-section of each component being 27.5 24.5 ram · the thickness of the partition was 3 mm and the shell of the ridges was 2.5 mm where j the profile of the ridges was in the form of saw teeth provided on the stainless steel component. The billet was extruded using the same process as in Example I, with the same process parameters.

In this way, after a machining process, as shown in Figure 15, several cylindrical bimetallic plugs, blocks or the like. obtain, each of which had a transitional connection in the middle. Some of they underwent a passivation treatment in an autoclave with superheated Exposed to steam at 400 ° C and a pressure of 105 atmospheres for three days.

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Zag tests with passive and non-passivated stoppers, blocks or similar. Confirmed the high quality of the metallurgical obtained by this process Binding,

Ih Table 1, additional examples of plugs, blocks or the like are summarized, the latter being obtained by an extrusion or a Sfreuvrpre3sVorgang according to this method and the same tests as in the example I and II have been subjected.

In all of the examples presented, those were coextruded or extruded Rods have been cooled in air, the ertruding or strand metering speed was the same as Example I and the tensile tests were carried out at ambient temperature.

Several sets of tests were run to determine the reproducibility of the To prove or verify the procedure, and the result obtained as a result: confirmed that this process for the production of metallic stoppers, Blocks or the like. is extremely safe and reliable.

When polimetallic plugs, end parts, blocks, pins or the like. manufactured are to be, the process steps are the same as above with reference to bimetallic plugs or the like. described, but with the exception the process step for the manufacture of the ingot.

An ingot for the production of polimetallic stoppers is of the same type or similar to the bars shown in FIGS. 12 and 14, but in each of the two parts of the bar instead of a component pair as many Components inserted as desired components in the final fabrics or the like. should be present.

- 29 -

In each of the two compartments of the bar, the components are arranged in an order which is reversed with respect to the order in the other compartment It goes without saying that in this lame too, what is worse of two becomes mutually exclusive opposing metals with longitudinal ridges, raised edges, etc. Mistake"

Some embodiments of the invention are without affecting the invention limited would have been explained more. Of course, many modifications and variations can be made on the basis of the knowledge of the art of reading embodiments. If, for example, a plug, block or the like. should be obtained as a final product, which consists of three sections or

Parts should exist that are butted to one another with a metallurgical bond f * efv> * t j

I, with the first section made of a metal A, the second made of the Metal B and the third one consists of a metal A, then it is straightforward It can be seen that an ingot is to be formed in which an ingot of metal A having a flat face provided thereon engages a corresponding one 'flat side of a second block of the metal P is engaged and the second block having another flat face provided thereon engaging the flat face of a third block of the metal A. In the same or a similar way, a plug, block or the like can. can be obtained ier consists of three sections or parts, each made of three metalsA, B, C and are arranged in that order or in the order B, A, 0, provided that between A and B and between B and C in the first Adle metallurgical affinity or connectivity exists, and that one such affinity or connectivity between B and A and between A and C is present in the second case. Cash over can be called by one Set extruded or extruded rod obtained body a have other than the cylindrical shape illustrated in Figure 5} in fact, the end product can have a prismatic shape or a shape

Jq ₈ g 31, QJ 6 ^

- 30 -

- 3t -

di · from a series τοη adjoining sections of different

Cross-sections. TABLE 1

Tensile tests on different types of connections made of stainless steel and Zircaloy 2

Reference sign steel bar- ingot- reduction ^ - diameter outermost

the eroding ^{temperature is now related} , the connection.

b «w. of ^{C dun} * M ecktun extrusion

TB - 52 3o4 9oo 2.8 11.5 3? .4 +

29.6 35.1 +

33.7 +

TB- 52/1 3o4 L 9oo 2.8 11.5 35.6 +

37.1 + 41. ^ + 3? .O +

TB - 72 3o4 85o 2.9 1o.5 3 ^ .1 +

33.4 + 37.0 +

TB - 72/2 3o4 L 85o 2.9 1o.5 44.7 +

42.5 + 46.2 +

45.6 +

The fracture of the sample occurred in the zircaloy, and the connection area remained unchanged.

In summary, the invention relates in particular to a method for producing cylindrical structural elements, such as stoppers, brackets, blocks, pins, bolts and the like, which consist of at least two sections or "parts" of different metals connected to one another by a metallurgical bond. Bits in the required number of existing blocks are arranged in pairs within an envelope, so that an extruded bar is formed, the blocks of each pair being made of different metals with mutual metallurgical affinity or bonding ability. The two blocks ^ edes pair have a flat surface arranged opposite the corresponding surface of the other block or an _·: Tefügt is. After extrusion or extrusion, the structural elements are from the extrusion or. Extruded rod for machining, in particular cutting machining, separated in such a way that the generators of the structural elements are perpendicular to the extruded rod and the transition surface of the two metals. The surface of the harder metal block is machined before it is joined or inserted into the bar casing, so that burrs with an asimetricx P Tofil · »are formed, which are bent when penetrating the softer metal during extrusion or extrusion, so that they become hook-shaped Form a profile.

Claims (13)

3Z claims 1. Process for the production of metal bodies, in particular j of stoppers and similar structural elements that consist of at least two sections of different metals, which are connected to one another by a metallurgical bond, characterized by the following process steps: (a) Manufacture a plurality of cylindrical blocks of the same length, at least one pair of which are made Metals that differ from one another, but have a mutual metallurgical affinity or Have connectivity, each block of this pair is provided with a flat side surface that in the area equal to the flat side-i area of the other block of this pair is; (b) cleaning and degassing the blocks; (c) Manufacture of a cylindrical shell made of pliable, ductile, malleable or similar metal to accommodate the blocks lying parallel to each other in it; (d) cleaning and degassing the envelope; (e) inserting or fitting the blocks into the cylindrical Envelope in such a way that the areas of each pair of blocks which are equal in area or area are connected to one another are engaged and in such a way that there are no noticeable gaps between the blocks in the 309831/0866 Sheath remain, so that thereby a wrapped
Extruding bars formed
will; (f) Evacuation of the envelope from all gases and vacuum: sealing the casing tightly; (g) heating the encapsulated billet to a temperature at which all of the components of the billet are in its
are in a plastic state; (h) Extrusion or extrusion or drawing of the Ingot through a die to form a cylindrical assembled bar in which the metal blocks which the starting ingot contained along their mutually engaging surfaces
are bound to each other; (i) cutting through the extruded ones; Rod perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, so that one
Contains bar sections that are long enough to fit in> the outline or the wrapping of the end product,
in particular of the final plug, to contain,
and removing the extruded ones
Sheath or sheathing by machining, in particular
mechanical, such as machining, or by chemical action; 'Machining of each bar section that was previously. is obtained in such a way that a part, in particular a
Stopper, is produced, which is delimited by a, preferablyj cylindrical, side surface, the creation of which 309831/0866 ~ ⁵ "' de are not parallel to the extruded or extruded rod, the part, in particular the ; Plug, at least one transition or bonding area between two different metals within the extruded bar contains, and the lines of intersection of this transition surface ! and the surface of the part, in particular the upper surface of the plug, all on the side surface of the Part, especially the plug, are included. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of components of the ingot is two, where ! the machining of the rod sections, which by the; Process step (j) obtained in the manner carried out becomes that the generators of the desired plug: ο. Like. perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod section and also perpendicular to the interface between the both metals run. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that a plurality of longitudinal wedge-shaped projections on that surface of the harder metal block or the harder metal blocks which are intended to be formed with the corresponding surfaces of the other blocks to engage after the blocks have been joined to form an ingot are. _4_ 309831 / 086B 4-. Procedure according to claim. 3, characterized in that the wedge-shaped projections have a sawtooth profile in cross section, the shorter side of each tooth running essentially perpendicular to the block surface, which ^! is seen to penetrate. \ 5 · Process for the production of metal plugs or the like | according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the cylindrical blocks that come together with the shell. or jacketing the extrusion billet; form, have two semicircular cylinders or are, ■ wherein the shell is a cylindrical circular tube with, relatively thin wall and the extrusion or strand; die is circular, furthermore the extruded ^l or extruded rod is cylindrical circular j and from a section obtained from this through ^; Machining a massive cylinder is obtained, whose! Generating perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod section and to the interface between the two metals. 6. A method for the production of metal plugs o. The like. According to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cylindrical blocks which, together with the shell or casing, form the extrusion or extrusion billet, comprise or are two semicircular cylinders, wherein; -5-309831 / 086S the sheath or jacket using a circular tube relatively thin wall and the extrusion or! Extrusion die is rectangular, furthermore the ^! extruded or extruded rod is a rectangular prism and a solid cylinder is obtained from the sections obtained therefrom by machining, the generatrices of which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod section and to the transition surface of the two metals. 7 · Process for the production of metal plugs or the like. according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that d ^ .e cylindrical blocks, which together with the envelope forming the extrusion billet, comprise two pairs of cylinders, each cylinder having one Has cross-section of a quarter circle and the cylinders of a pair are made of metals, each other differ from each other, but bezw mutual metallurgical affinity. Have connectivity, and further wherein the cylinders of a pair are provided with a flat side surface which is in the area or are equal to a flat side surface of the other block with which this pair is in the plane size is engaged within the billet, with diametrically opposed cylinders made of the same metal and two pairs of cylinders are separated from each other by an intermediate wall made of the same metal as the -6- 309831/0866 -Every-31 Shell "and together with the extruded or extruded casing during process step (i) of claim 1 is removed. 8. Process for the production of metal plugs o. The like. according to one of claims 1 to 4-, characterized in that that the cylindrical blocks which, together with the shell, form the extrusion bar, two include or are square prisms, the shell or the cladding being a circular cylinder, the is provided with a central prismatic cavity for receiving the prisms therein, the respective Areas of the prisms, which are to be bound to one another by a metallurgical bond, in mutual Are engaged and the extrusion or extrusion die is circular. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4-, characterized characterized in that the blocks which, together with the casing, form the extrusion or extrusion billet, comprise two pairs of square prisms, the prisms of each pair being made of different metals exist and each have an area that is in the area or the surface size is the same, furthermore these j surfaces are mutually engaged and the in; Diametrically opposite in relation to the ingot axis I —7— 309831/0866 Prisms are made of the same metal; wherein the envelope further comprises a circular cylinder or one which is provided with two twin-like central cavities in which the two pairs of prisms and which are separated from each other by a thin partition. 10. Structural element of preferably substantially cylindrical shape, which is produced in particular in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is, characterized in that it consists of at least two sections or parts of different metals, which are connected to each other by a metallurgical bond, whereby in this component the transition surface between the metals is a toothed, sawtooth-like, is jagged, grooved, corrugated, ribbed or the like surface whose line of intersection with the component surface lies completely on the side part or area of the component or the component surface. 11. Bimetallic stopper, block, pin o. The like. For fuel rods of nuclear reactors, in particular manufactured according to a method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the stopper or the like. comprises a cylinder, the BEZW of two parts. Section -8- 309831/006 6 It consists of different metals, which are connected to one another by a metallic bond, with the transition surface between the two metals having a toothed, corrugated, saw-tooth-like ο. Like. Flat is! whose line of intersection with the outer surface of the plug or the like lies completely on the side area of the outer surface. ^: 12. Bimetallic element according to claim 10, characterized in that that the toothed or similar surface comprises a plurality of parallel ridges, edges, elevations or the like: protruding from the harder metal into the softer one and terminate in curved tips. j 13. Bimetallic stopper, block, pin, ο. like for, Fuel rods of nuclear reactors according to claim 11, characterized in that the toothed or the like surface has a plurality of parallel ridges, edges, elevations or the like, which protrude from the harder metal into the softer and terminate in curved tips. 309831/0866