DE2253910A1 - PRESS - Google Patents

Description

HOMSEN

- TlEDTKE - BüHLING

TEL. (»11) 53 0211 TELEX: 5-24 303 topat

⁵³⁰²¹²

PATENT LAWYERS Some: Frankfurt / M .:

Dipl.-Chem. Dr. D. Thomsen Dipl.-Ing. W. Welnkiuff Dlpl.-Ing. H. Tiedtke (Fuchshohl 71)

Dipl.-Chem. G. Bühling Dipl.-Ing, R. Kinne Dipl.-Chem. Dr. U. Eggers

800 0 Munich 2

Kalser-Ludwlg-Platz 6 November 3rd, 1972

Andre Dejoux
Paris, France)

Press

The invention relates to an implosion press, the main object of which is to produce very high instantaneous Pressures is in the form of bumps. Besides, with According to the invention, a device for the very rapid linear displacement of mechanical elements at speeds from 10 to 300 m / sec. Furthermore, with the invention created a simple device for the production of fast shaping machines which are all industrially applicable Force range recorded.

The known devices for generating very high ' Pressures use explosive energy to create shock waves that act on the materials being machined. However, it occurs

Oral agreements, confirmed by telephone, require written confirmation. 309821/0713 Potticheck (coins) account 118874 Dresdner Bank (Munich) account 5 «3709

no dynamic impact directly on the material. Indeed, these devices do not operate repetitively and it is complicated to use. With them, very high pressures cannot easily be reached; their application is very expensive and requires very significant preparation time, which excludes their industrial application.

The highest pressures currently envisaged are on the order of 2 to 5 mbar.

The known devices for linear displacement by a press hardly exceed the speed of 10 m / sec. In order to achieve greater speeds, the current embodiments are very complex. Both current impact machines using a fluid motor do not allow the embodiments to be easily achieved still quick work steps from significant impact forces.

With the invention, in particular, these disadvantages are due to their simple structure, by the used Avoided energy that is the fluid pressure associated with a negative pressure (vacuum). The atmospheric pressure is for example a practically constant energy at sea level, which is always available and free of charge. The achievement the negative pressure is known. The vacuum pumps are relatively quiet, and those for producing the negative pressure in the invention The performance and delivery rates required for the press can be easily achieved.

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The invention also increases the performance of devices of this type considerably and therefore extends their application to other areas.

The principle of this press is based on the use of negative pressure in conjunction with atmospheric pressure. Indeed, the negative pressure introduced into one of the chambers allows the press, while the other chamber allows atmospheric Subject to pressure or the pressure of a compressed gas that can reach ISO bars or more (nitrogen pressure) is the achievement of very high displacement speeds of the moving unit of the press. These Velocity is related to the expansion of air or compressed gas into the vacuum. The following can be seen: The more the gas is compressed, the greater the expansion effect at the moment you do this Unlocks the system that holds the moving unit in place, and the greater the speed obtained for one short running distance of the mobile unit. The necessary one

-2 negative pressure is on the order of 10 goal.

In the event that atmospheric pressure is the fluid drive for obtaining high speed, one must over have a large walking distance of the mobile unit; the greater the desired speed, the more the running distance must be longer (2 to 3 m)

Atmospheric pressure remains the most beneficial,

because there will be no special facility for its use

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required, apart from larger press cross-sections than with compressed gas, which is the lesser evil in terms of Achievements that he allows to be achieved.

An explanation of the elementary mechanics leaves the

kinetic energy provided by the invention beeser

Assess MV. The formula WIfB-J _n Z ₃₈₀ ⁼ —γ- indicates the momentary force at the moment of the impact; it depends on

the piston surface in cm and the kinetic energy generated by the moving unit through the relaxation effect or the entry of gas into the void has been accumulated.

This formula appears to be insufficient in the present case, since it applies to the mass of the movable unit of the press It is advisable to increase the impact through the pressure of the compressed through an effect comparable to that of a ram impact Add gas to the piston at the moment of unlocking.

As an approximation, one assumes that the energy of such a system increases with the square of the speed. The speed is a function of the type of negative pressure; the greater this is, the greater the speed can be taking into account the applied pressure. The more gas is compressed, the greater the relaxation effect, which communicates a great speed to the moving unit.

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The ones to get the maximum impact into consideration The parameters drawn are as follows:

1) greatest possible negative pressure,

2) gas compressed as much as possible,

3) largest possible surface of the piston,

4) largest possible travel path of the piston for enlargement the acceleration,

5) lowest possible friction of the points of contact.

In another embodiment of the press according to the invention, the energy can be multiplied for the same cylinder surface by arranging several pistons in series, each of which has its own isolated chamber. ^y

In a further embodiment of the press according to the invention for doubling the energy, there are two such presses Presses arranged opposite one another. The unlocking of these two presses takes place at the same time; their moving Unit and in particular its impact mass, which is attached to the end of its rod, impact simultaneously from each side the material to be processed - for example in impact catalysis. This is how all the energy in the system is used.

In another embodiment of the invention. According to the press to multiply the energy, two presses with several stages are, for example, opposite one another - as in the previous case - arranged.

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In a further embodiment unga form of the invention · ^ Several presses work to increase the energy

- for example three - simple presses or in series together by connecting their rods with an arrangement that adding up their forces, or adding two more rows of three simple or multi-stage presses opposite one another

- as in the previous case - be arranged.

In another embodiment of the press according to the invention, which is applicable in areas that are affected by the current slotting machines allow a large number of steps; in this embodiment, the Bar on each side of the press provided with two locking positions, namely for input and output. The device with double action enables two jobs.

For the single-action application, either one can be used to return the piston to the rest position Use low pressure or compressed air in a traditional form, or an electromechanical or other form.

The technology of such devices requires special attention because of the forces involved. Indeed leaves the inertia of the moving unit of the press in devices with very high power at the moment of impact of the shock meae against the workpiece to the movable unit Tend to continue their displacement, which usually leads to deformation of the device for fastening the piston leads on the pole.

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In another embodiment, the piston is provided with ribs in such a way that it is practically non-deformable is. The rod itself is reinforced by a reinforcement tube which is designed to be kinked can withstand well; the press rod is installed under pretension in the interior, thereby the possibility of To reduce buckling. The active end of the rod carries an intermediate piece to absorb the caulking forces. It will treated as a wear part. ...

The invention eird in the following with reference to schematic Drawings explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows the work on a press with high capacity;

FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the distribution of fluids in the press;

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the invented

moderate press used in collision catalysis;

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the invention Press with several stages arranged in series;

Figure 5 shows a bottom view of the multi-stage press and the arrangement of bolts;

FIG. 6 shows an arrangement of single-cylinder presses or multi-stage presses arranged in parallel Press; and

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FIG. 7 shows a bottom view of the arrangement according to FIG. 6.

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a high capacity press. It has cylinder 1, the front one Flange 2, the rear flange 3 »the bolts 4, the piston 5, the seals on the cylinder 6, on the piston 7 and on the piston rod 8. The movable unit comprises the piston 5 »die Piston rod 9 made of manganese silicon steel (e.g. 45-S8), which is shouldered at 10 to accommodate the piston 5, the is held on the rod 9 by a washer 10 and a number of screws 11.

The piston 5 consists of cast hard aluminum and it has a series of eight ribs 12 which make it practically non-deformable at the moment of the impact. The carrier seals 7 of the piston 5 (piston rings) can consist of graphitized Rilsan and the seals can be chicken or Riwgter seals of a known type, which are preferably arranged between the carrier seals. The bore of the cylinder 1 as well as the fitting ring 13 made of high carbon steel and the rod 9 are treated with Tenifer. A wiper seal I ¹ J prevents foreign bodies from entering the cylinder.

On the nose of the press 15, the impact mass 16 is attached, for example, made of 35NC15 steel, over which it a The groove 17 is used for locking by means of the rotary wedge 18

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is used, which is firmly connected by the 2 with the front splash Step 19 is worn, and the caulking plates 20 and 21.

The rotating wedge 18 is driven by an electromagnet of suitable dimensions and force (not shown) or any other mechanical device.

This embodiment of the press is preferred arranged vertically in order to reduce the friction of the seals under the effect of the weight of the movable unit. Because of the puncture principle of the wedge 18 only the weight of the movable unit and possibly the differential pressure between the chambers 22 and 23 wear.

The bolts are on the flanges the same as on the press bar through plates as on 10 and a series of Screws 11 attached.

Fig. 2 shows the scheme of the distribution of pluids in the press. ^{An opening 2 1} I extends from the chamber 22 of the press, from which a supply line for the atmospheric pressure emerges, which is taken off at 29 in the filter housing 28 (with a large volume to avoid charging losses through the filter), and has an electrovalve Dad up. A line goes from the opening 25 to the vacuum balloon or container. The connection to the vacuum is controlled by the electrovalve VvI. A manostat (pressure stabilizer) controls the amount of dilution of the air in chamber 22. The opening

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26 is via a line to the vacuum balloon or container tied together. The connection between this balloon and the chamber 23 is controlled by the solenoid valve Vv2. The in The opening 27 located inside the filter housing 28 is connected to the electrovalve for supplying atmospheric pressure Vat2 connected, which has a very large passage cross-section »so that the supply of atmospheric pressure or one compressed gas is not braked.

The press described above works as follows: The control of the impact takes place when the following conditions are met: The movable unit is locked by the wedge 18 at top dead center. The valves Vati and Vat2 are closed. The valves VvI and Vv2 are open and the chambers 22 and 23 are under negative pressure; M triggers (as soon as the predetermined air dilution is reached). At this moment, shock control is possible. This control takes place through the actuation of the wedge 18 - for example automatically by means of an electromagnet - instead. At the beginning of the movement of the wedge 18, an electrical through contact closes the valve Vv2; At the end of the movement, the piston is unlocked and at the same time a second contact opens the valve Vat2, through which air at atmospheric pressure flows at very high speed into the vacuum in the chamber 23 and hits the piston and causes its displacement, which accelerates all the more is how a vacuum was established in chamber 22 .

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The return of the movable unit to the top dead center, where it is automatically locked, takes place through conjugate and simultaneous closing of valves VvI and Vat2 and opening of valves Vati and Vv2 take place. The negative pressure appears in the chamber 23 and the one at 24 in the chamber 22 let in atmospheric pressure moves the piston slowly into its locking position »

At the moment of locking, the Vati valve closes and the VvI valve opens and sets one Connection between the chamber 22 and the balloon 30, where the negative pressure is produced by the pump 31 =

This arrangement avoids that the locking device carries the entire static weight through the atmospheric Can bear pressure that is around 10 t for a press of

ο
1 m surface is. If the chamber 23 is very small, the atmospheric pressure is also established in a very short time.

It may be necessary for presses that have to move parts at high speed be able to control the speed and especially the acceleration. At start-up, the electric valve can be a dad Be diaphragm and controlled by the displacement of the rod in such a way that the atmospheric pressure is progressive is admitted.

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Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the press for the application in collision catalysis. It is connected to a funnel matrix 32 by columns 33, on the one hand on the front flange 2 of the press by a shoulder, a washer 34 and a series of screws 35 and on the other hand on matrix 32 by fitting 36, shoulder 37 and screws 38. The matrix 32 carries a joint intermediate block - analogous to a column block - which is displaceable on columns 40, which on the matrix 32 over Fitting rings 4l made of Hartstalil 4l treated with Tenifer attached are. The plate 39, which is as light and rigid as possible, carries the bumper 42, which is through a series Screws U3 is centered and fastened. The movable one The intermediate joint tool unit is lifted off by a series of hydraulic presses after each operation. she is held in top dead center (PMH) by a very light spring lock that has no other task than to keep them in top dead center while the lifting presses - not shown - are sunk.

The funnel matrix 32 has a crucible 44 in which the material to be processed is arranged. This crucible is in turn in a kind of immovable bowl 45, which is attached to the matrix by screws 46 is. The bottom of the tray 45 is provided with an extractor provided to the crucible 44 of the tray 45 after treatment of the Material to be emptied. All of these elements are carefully adjusted. To eliminate any errors, however, a hydraulic

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ρ
Lischer pressure of about 1 t / cm, which is obtained by force amplification, directed through the channel 49; it can also be used to empty the tray 45. The tightness is guaranteed by special seals 47 and 50. An additional chamber 51, not shown, is provided for work under vacuum. In addition, a gap between the material to be processed and the impact piece 42 is possible.

For loosening the crucible (which can be filled in one working space) and replacing it with another The opening presses raise the tool 42 to the necessary height for emptying and replacing the crucible 44 and the Shell 45. The tool 42 is then lowered again and locked there by a new operation.

The movable unit of the press as well as that of the pushing tool are free at the moment of the push, and they only have to bear the weight of the unit with good geometrical corrections (what the bends and kinks limited). The funnel matrix is arranged on a support plate 52 made of high carbon steel, which in turn floats on lead or is anchored on a concrete base with very great inertia and rests in a bed of sand, as a result of the vibrations to dampen the shocks.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the press with several steps arranged in series. It has a number of cylinders 1, which are mounted on the intermediate flanges 53 by bolts

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which are arranged as shown in Fig. 5, i.e. the first cylinder is through on the flanges the bolts located at 1 and the second fastened by the bolts located at 2, the third being fastened by at 1 arranged bolts, etc. is arranged. The movable unit consists of a rod 54 which is analogous to rod 9 is with the exception that the shoulder 10 extends the full length of the rod on which so many pistons are arranged as steps are provided. The pistons are held in place by the spacers 55 and the locking washers 21 in Kept their distance. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, they are assembled by a washer 11 and the screws 10.

The distribution of the fluids for each of the η cylinders is identical to the distribution given in FIG. 2; Everyone Outputs 24, outputs 25, outputs 26, and outputs 27 are connected in series to ensure the simultaneity of the functions to ensure between the common chambers of the η stages. The way of working is identical.

Figs. G and 7 show a device with three single-cylinder or multi-cylinder presses arranged in parallel. The three or η cylinders of the press are enclosed between the flanges 56 and 57 by the bolts 4, which hold the bolts 1 are identical and are arranged as shown in FIG. The three bars of the presses are on one triangular block 58 by means of a shoulder 59, the disc

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60 and screws 61 assembled; the nose of the abutment member 62 is centered on the block 58 and fixed. The lock is obtained by the rotary wedge 18 which rotates in the block 19 and moves as in the example of FIG will.

The mode of operation of this device is identical to that of FIG. 2. The feed lines of the same chambers are arranged in series. The filter housing 28 encloses the three presses and its volume is a function of their cylinder content, no loss of charge is caused.

The arrangement of these simple presses opposite one another or in series enables the impact energy to multiply. The presses are arranged horizontally in this case, with their moving wet ones being exactly the same must be. The same chambers are in series with the same supply ducts for the atmospheric pressure and for the Connection connected to the negative pressure »The funnel matrix is arranged in a floating manner and with two intermediate joints connected, each of which has its opening mechanism through additional hydraulic presses. The running routes the presses are bigger; they have a pre-protection to compensate for any deviations in the displacement speeds of the presses opposite. The control of the unlocking takes place simultaneously for the two devices by means of a common linkage that is regulated with great accuracy. The floating matrix is shifting

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easily when one of the noses is reached by one press ahead of the other / the resulting slowdown allows the second press to compensate for their delay.

The device according to the invention can mainly be used for impact catalysis and for impact machines with very high Energy to be applied. It can also be used to advantage in obtaining large translation speeds will.

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Claims (10)

Claims l.jPress with very high displacement speed to achieve very high instantaneous prints in the form of bumps, with a cylinder closed at each end and includes two chambers, which are first placed under negative pressure and of which the between the chamber formed by the piston and the rear flange of the press has a very small volume, characterized in that that the atmospheric pressure is fed into the rear chamber, which is produced by a filter housing with a very large volume attached to the press. 2. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that that the fluid drive to at least 150 kg / cm compressed nitrogen in connection with a negative pressure of at least 1 goal is. 3. Press according to claim 1 or 2 as a multiplier, characterized in that it has at least two cylinders, which are arranged in at least two stages separated by flanges and are joined together one behind the other, and in which a single movable unit moves, on which as many pistons are arranged as there are cylinders are, each piston enclosing the same chambers and the movable unit the fluid surges on each this piston adds up. 309821/0713 " ^1Θ " 225391 O 4. Press according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least three press units on the same flanges work together through a butt block on which the ends of the rods of each of the three press units and that a lock is provided on the push block. 5. Press according to one of claims 1 to 4 as a multiplier, characterized in that the cooperating press units are multi-stage. 6. Press according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least two working simultaneously Press units are arranged opposite one another to add up their effects. 7. Press according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the press pusher nose on an intermediate pusher tool which consists of a metallic plate that carries an impact mass that can be moved on pillars, which are provided with a holding device for a job and a hydraulic opening device. 8. Press according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the butt block of the SS column tool the material to be treated, which is arranged in a crucible, which in turn is clamped in a bowl which is in a funnel matrix with a series of screws 309821/0713 2263910 will hold, in conjunction with a hydraulic counter pressure of at least 1 t / cm, this funnel matrix is attached to the press with large dimensions and great inertia by means of metallic columns. 9. Press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two jobs for the double action can be used, which are arranged on both sides of the press surface on the noses of the press joint unit » 10. Press according to claim 7, characterized in that the opposite press units on the to be treated Material hit a floating funnel matrix. 309821/0713 «Le Blank page