DE2253595A1 - MILLING MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

5 L ;;;;,:,! Ζ » ^ssi01 2253595

Patent application

of the Lord

Justο Ercilla Sagarminaga, Carlos VII, Vitoria / Alava, Spain

Milling machine

The invention relates to a universal milling machine with Stand, tool head and vertically movable console with work table. Such well-known milling machines want the Improve invention. The aim is to machine large workpieces with high weights in one continuous working period be possible and each machining process should be carried out by a special tool head in each Position can be executed.

Characteristic of the milling machine according to the invention with stand, tool head and vertically movable console with work table is that a main drive shaft is mounted in the stand, which is via a gear, a transmission system and another gearbox with an output shaft

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is bound in the vertically movable console is mounted, the transmission system with a motor shaft for adaptation to the center distance between the drive shaft and the output shaft can be extended or shortened. According to a special feature of the invention, the Transmission system on each of its two ends a head, one of which is head in slide bearings of the stand and the other head are mounted in plain bearings on the console. In this simple way there is a power transmission from the stationary main drive shaft of the stand to the vertical together with the console and the work table allows displaceable output shaft.

A particularly advantageous pre-machine has according to the invention the following features: The work table is longitudinally displaceable by a spindle and the spindle is with their ends stored in the work table; the console is slidably guided in the vertical direction on the stand and the The tool head is slidably guided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the work table; in the console there is one stored in balls Spindle arranged and the drive pin of this spindle has a brake and the console is in its working position blocked by a brake shoe system; the power transmission from the motor shaft or main drive shaft on the one stored in the vertically movable console

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Output shaft is brought about by the hollow shaft, inside of which there is another shaft; the tool head consists of two, i individual, joined heads, one of which rotates on the drive shaft, the other head turning on an inclined plane in relation to the drive shaft. The work table has several channels to take up the coolant for the to be processed Workpiece, these channels emptying inside the console via connecting lines in a collecting container.

According to a further feature of the invention, the unidirectional brake consists of several brake discs, which allow the control shaft of the spindle or the column running in balls to be braked in one direction, but a rotation iJi opposite senses, by which the Do not prevent the console from moving upwards.

According to a further feature of the invention, the tool head is composed of two individual heads, of which the a head, that of the driven shaft and xlen tool holder one shaft inclined at 45 with respect to the shaft of the other Head has. The transmission is accomplished by tapered gears via a third intermediate shaft that is 45 ° in relation is inclined to the motor shaft. One end of this intermediate shaft is in the inclined turret and the other end is in an intermediate

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the individual heads inserted intermediate piece stored, which is firmly connected to the adjacent head. Of the a head part resting on the motor drive shaft can be in any angular position to its on the machine housing Rotational movement and it has a twisting scale. The fastening is done by anchoring elements, whose heads can slide in an annular groove in the machine housing. The opposite side of this headboard has a surface inclined at 45 ° to the drive shaft.

The outer head part of the inclined shaft can rotate on the inclined surface of the inner head part, including this has a circumferential annular groove in which the heads of anchoring elements of the outer head part can slide. The outer head section also has an angle scale for setting. By twisting the outer head part, the driven shaft with the tool holder gradually occupy the geometric location of the point of a cone, the inclined at 45 in relation to the rotating shaft of this head and coincides with the intermediate shaft. This means that practically any working angle of the tool can be set.

The working position of the console carrying the work table is blocked by brake shoes that are attached to a shaft.

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orders from. a lever, of which two brake shoes are mounted on one end of the shaft and a third brake shoe is mounted on the other end of this shaft. When the lever is operated, the two act on one end mounted brake shoes on a cylindrical guide 'a rod of the console, while the third brake shoe at the other end of the shaft acts on the ^v stator of the machine. ·

The invention and its further advantages are illustrated the exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the figures explained in more detail. Show it:

1 shows a perspective view of the milling machine according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the milling machine according to FIG.

with dash-dotted lines indicating the vertical displaceability of the work table carrying the work table Console and the horizontal transverse displaceability of the tool head are indicated;

Fig. 5 shows the front view of the machine according to Fig.2, wherein the dash-dotted lines indicate the longitudinal displacement of the work table;

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Pig. 4 shows a section through the transmission system

from the main drive shaft, which is stationary in the stator, to the output shaft in the vertically displaceable one Console;

5 shows a longitudinal section through the two head parts composite tool head;

6 shows a vertical section through the spindle for lifting the console and through the collecting system the liquid coming from the work table;

7 shows a cross section through a ratchet

which the drive pin of the spindle of 'Fig. 6 can be locked in one direction of rotation;

Fig. 8 shows a section through the blocking of the console by means of three brake shoes and

9 shows the spindle for longitudinal displacement of the work table of the milling machine.

According to FIGS. 1 to 2, the milling machine has a base plate 1 to which the stand 2 is connected in one piece. The console 3 is located on the base plate 1, which is supported by the

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right column 4 with spindle and supported by the cylindrical Guide rods 5 is guided. The console 3 is also on Dovetail guides 6 guided vertically, which are attached to the stand 2

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are arranged.

The console 3 moves in the vertical direction by hand actuated up and down movement, so that automatically during the work process through the column 4 with the spindle to be processed Workpiece can be brought up to the tool. ■

On the console j5, the work table 8 is arranged on guides 7, which is used both by hand for the approach of the workpiece can be moved lengthways on the milling cutter as well as automatically during the work process. On the upper part 9 of the stand 2 the stand head 10 is arranged, at one end of which Universal tool head 11 is arranged, which carries the tool to be used. Since the stand head 10 is on the guide 12 can move transversely to the work table 8, one thus achieves a manually operated movement to approach the work to be processed Workpiece to the tool or the approach movement during the work process runs automatically. Because of the Universal tool head 11 can the milling machine according to the invention both in a horizontal milling machine and in a vertical

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Milling machine to be transformed. The machine itself has a double control through which the operator Milling from the front as well as from the side at the same time, as the machine is double-acting.

The motor, main or inlet shaft l6 for the longitudinal, transverse and vertical feeds is, as can be seen in Figures and 4, mounted in a head Ij5 and fixedly connected to the machine frame, while the outlet or output shaft j56 is mounted in another head 14, which is constructed similarly to the head lj> . However, the head 14 is connected to the vertically displaceable console 5. The torque transmission between the two heads 14 and ljj is brought about by the shaft system Id, which can be lengthened or shortened to adapt to the center distance between the drive shaft l6 and the output shaft 36.

The movement for the feed is initiated by the motor or drive shaft l6, at the end of which a conical one Pinion 17 is attached, which is mounted in several bearings between the conical pinion and a Gear box 1Ö are arranged. In the conical pinion 17 engages a second conical gear 19 with the same

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Properties a, which is mounted on a shaft 20, their bearing by another group of bearings between the second gear 19 and a bushing 21 attached to the gear case l8 is made.

On the gear box 18 of the inlet head 13 is a cover plate 22 screwed, which allows access from the outside to the gear pair 17 and 19, is on part 23 of the machine stand so fastened that the whole of box 18 and the Pair of gears existing · Unit can rotate inside the fixed bearing around an axis that coincides with the axis of the drive shaft l6 is identical. This rotation in the inlet head 13 is made possible by plain bearing bushes 24 and 25, in FIG which the gear case l8 with the end part 22 can rotate.

The shaft 20, which is driven by the drive shaft 16 via the conical gears 17 and 19, is located inside a hollow shaft 26 and it is connected to this by a joint 27 connected, whereby a simultaneous rotation of both shafts 20 and 26 is achieved. These two waves emerge from the Gear box 18 through an opening in a cover 28 out. The hollow shaft 26 has two zones with different inside Diameters in which a second shaft 29 and a second outer shaft 30 are fitted in such a way that between the

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secondary shaft 29 and the hollow shaft 26, there is a coupling which enables the shaft 29 to rotate the hollow shaft 26 imposed, with a longitudinal displacement between the two shafts 26 and 29 can take place at the same time. The coupling can be of any of the known types in practice.

The two secondary shafts 29 and 30 penetrate inside a second gear box 31 belonging to the movable head 14 of the console 3. The shafts 29 and 30 are through the opening of the cover 32 carried out. At the end of the shaft 29 is a conical pinion 33 is attached, which corresponds to that in the stationary head 13. Between the gear pinion 33 and a bushing 34 attached to the gear case 31 several camps. The conical pinion 33 meshes with a further conical gear 35, which is the bevel gear is equivalent to. The bevel gear 35 is attached to the output or output shaft 36 and it is supported in several bearings, which is between the gear 35 and one with the Console 3 attached socket 37 are located.

The gear box 31 of the tread head 14 is movable Body 3 & of the machine mounted in such a way that the Box 3I together with the pair of gears 33 and 35 can rotate about an axis coincident with the axis of the exit shaft

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56 matches. ^{Two plain bearing bushings 59 and} 40 are used to rotate the gear box 51 and thus the outlet head 14.

If the console 5 and thus the. If the outlet head 14 'is raised or lowered vertically, there is a change in the distance between the inlet shaft 16 and the output shaft _{j6 3,} which results in a shortening or lengthening of the transmission system 15 or 20, 26, 29, 50. This is achieved through a telescopic coupling within the transmission system.

So that the shaft system of the torque transmission can be located inside the gear box for the input and inside the gear box 51 for the output, it is necessary that the openings of the covers 20 and 52 are exactly aligned opposite each other, in every function. "which these can occupy and it has therefore been provided that these boxes Ib and 51 can rotate relative to the machine housings.

According to FIG. 5, the tool head 11 consists of two individual ones Headboards that can both rotate in different planes, which makes the possible uses of the invention Milling machine can be enlarged significantly.

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The left (41) of the two heads is attached to the drive shaft 42 and its rotation is measured on a scale. The angular position of the left head 4l is set by anchor bolts 42, the heads of which in a circumferential Ring groove of the machine stand can slide.

At its free end, the left head portion 41 has an inclined surface, in particular 45 42 with respect to the drive shaft below diesei ¹ slant surface is a umlaufende'Ringnut 44 also ¹ with an undercut, can slide to which fastening screws 46, with which the other Head part 45 is attached to head part 41 and at the same time rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the beveled surface. The rotation of the outer head part 45 and thus also the angular position can be measured on a separate scale. The outer head part 45 is provided with the tool holder 4b which is driven by the driven shaft 47.

The torque transmission from the drive shaft 42 to the driven one Wave 47 takes place via conical gears and by means of an intermediate shaft 4y which is at an angle of 45 ° with respect to on the other two waves. The intermediate shaft 49 is non-rotatable and strongly supported at both ends. One end of the intermediate shaft 49 is free in the inclined outer Head part 45 and the opposite shaft end is with a

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Wedge attached to a seat 50 of an intermediate piece 51, which is between the two head parts 4l and 45 and is firmly connected to the head part 4l.

In this way, the intermediate shaft 4-9 is used for storage two conical gears 52 and 52 coupled together 55, of which one (52) the same in the conical gear 54 of the drive shaft 42 engages and of which the. other bevel gear 53 in the bevel gear 55 of the Shaft 47 of the tool holder 48 engages.

The fixed anchoring of the free end of the intermediate shaft 49 at the intermediate piece 51 allows a better transmission of the large forces without excessive stress on the shaft becomes how this could happen in the pail if only one of the two ends were clamped or anchored.

Since the three shafts lie in one and the same plane, the tool holder shaft 47 can assume two fundamental positions, one of which is perpendicular and the other parallel to the drive shaft 42.

In either of the two basic positions and changed in light Relative position between the two head wedges 4l and

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is achieved by rotating the inner head part 4l with parallel rotation to the drive shaft 42 a extensive number of working angles. If, on the other hand, the inner head part 41 remains stationary and is rotated outer head part 45 with its inclined surface, the tool takes the geometric location of the generatriz point a cone inclined by 45 ° in relation to the inclined intermediate shaft 49. Combine both movements with each other, a large number of angular positions are achieved for the tool, which and expand application possibilities of the pre-machine to a large extent.

To a slight vertical shift of the console j $ to reach, especially when it comes to large weights, it is advisable to have some lead screws with to have nuts running in ball bearings, firstly because of the greater capacity of the load in relation to each other to the threaded spindles with bronze nuts and secondly due to the quiet and almost smooth sliding movement during rotation, The main disadvantage of this type of spindle is that, due to the large weights and rotation, one of the spindles downward movement results, to prevent a brake must be arranged.

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According to FIG. 6, a spindle 56 is arranged inside the column 4, which is hollow. This spindle can be more or less protrude from the column 4, because a thread between the column and spindle with a generated by the balls Turning gear 57 exists. The spindle 56 is by means of a

Rotated pin 5Ö, which has a handwheel 59 at one of its ends, which can be rotated by the operator. At the other end of the pin 5 ^Ö is a conical pinion

60 attached, which is in the teeth of a conical gear

61 engages, which is attached to the upper end of the spindle 56 is. In this way, by rotating the pin 58, the spindle 56 is threadedly connected to the column 4 axially shifted, whereby the work table can be brought up to the tool or removed from it.

In order to avoid that the console 2 or the work table falls and is due to the generally large weight of the. workpiece to be machined is placed on the tool, a brake is provided which is attached to the pin 5 & to to prevent its rotation. This brake consists of the brake disks 62,. some of which use the console 5 and others connected to a socket 63 which is on the other Side are connected to the pin 58 by means of the ratchet 64. If a control element 65 is now actuated, which is concentric

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to pin 58, the control element 65 presses by means of a socket pin 66 on plate or disc springs 67, which in turn exert pressure on the bush 63, through which the friction disks 62 are pressed together, whereby the braking of the pin ^ b and thus the spindle 56 arises.

As can be seen in particular from the section according to FIG. 7, the bushing 65 on which the brake disks 62 are mounted is are connected to the pin 58 by means of the tab 64. This ratchet has radial ratchet teeth 68 on its circumference, in which one plank forms an inclined plane, while a spring 69 is arranged on each of the other planks. These springs 69 exercise one through their tension Pressure on rollers 70 in the form that upon rotation of the pin 58 connected to the ratchet 64 in the sense, that the console 5 rises upwards, a sliding down of the rollers 70 on the inclined ratchet teeth by the spring pressure generated and thus the action of the springs 69 is overcome, whereby the pin 58 in connection with the bush 63, on which the brake disks 62 are in the braking position, can rotate completely freely.

In the case in which the rotation takes place in the opposite direction, so in the sense of the console 3 going down, what

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due to the heavy weight of the workpiece to be machined Körinte happened, the pressure on rollers 70 and the aid of the pressure of the springs 69 for the rise of the rollers 70 on the inclined surfaces of the ratchet teeth 68 through the insertion the rollers 70 in the machine housing 4 and the sleeve 63 contribute which, since it is braked, the rotation of the pin 58 would make it more difficult in the stated sense.

Therefore, the pin 58 rotates with the means of the control element 65 regulated brake, without being braked in the sense of the height of the console 3 and braked in the sense of Lowering the console 3.

As can also be seen from FIG. 6, the work table 8 has some channels 71 for receiving and withdrawing the cooling liquid for the workpiece to be machined. One of the channels J1, into which all the other channels open, is connected to a container 72 via a pipeline 75. The container 72 is connected to a lower container 7 ^ via a pipe 75. By means of a pump, not shown, the coolant is pumped up into the upper container in a coolant circuit.

In this way you get a cool fluid circulation inside of the machine, avoiding hoses and other external pipe elements which could become a hindrance when operating the machine was.

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According to FIGS. 1 and 8, the console 3 has a horizontally lying shaft J6 to which a lever 77 or an actuating pedal is attached. At one end of the shaft J6 _t according to FIG.

At the other end of the shaft J6 , a third brake shoe 80 is arranged with an inclined, flat braking surface 81, which acts on the surface of the machine bench or the console j $.

According to FIG. 9, a spindle 82 is located below the work table 8, both ends of which are connected to the work table 8 is connected. The table can be moved longitudinally by means of this spindle 82. The movement is transmitted through two parts 83 and 84 in the form of nuts connected by a coupling 85 of the Grifa type are connected. Although the spindle 82 is only fixed in two points relative to the work table 8, one is in other transmissions existing deflection towards the center avoided, since the spindle 82, as it is arranged, only is stressed on train.

It goes without saying that with the milling machine according to the invention, other possibilities for the transmission of motion are also possible,

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without departing from the scope of the invention. ·

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Claims (1)

Expectations (1.! Milling machine with stand, tool head and vertically movable Console with work table, characterized in that a main drive shaft is in the stand (2) (L6) is stored, which via a gear (17, 19), a transmission system (15, 26, 29, 30) and another Gear (33, 55) is connected to an output shaft (36), which is mounted in the vertically displaceable console (3), the transmission system with a telescopic coupling (26, 29) can be lengthened or shortened to adapt to the center distance between the drive shaft (l6) and the output shaft (36) is. 2. Milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the transmission system (15, 26, 29, 30) at both ends has a head (13 * I ^), of which one head (13) in slide bearings (24, 25) of the stand (2) and the other head (14) in slide bearings (39 # ^ O) of the console (3) are pivotably mounted. 3. Milling machine, in particular according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized by a work table (8), by means of a spindle (82) mounted on both sides in the table -21- 309851/0306 is longitudinally displaceable; by a vertically movable Console (3); by a column head (10) which can be displaced transversely to the longitudinal axis of the work table (8); by a Spindle (56) mounted in balls within the bracket (3) and a brake (62, 64) which only acts in one direction the drive pin (58) of the spindle (56), the console (3) in its working position by means of a brake shoe system (5 * 78, 79, 80) is blocked; through a torque transmission from the drive shaft (l6) to the output shaft (36) mounted in the vertically displaceable bracket (3) by means of a hollow shaft (26) inside another Shaft (29) is fitted; by a tool head (11), which is composed of two individual heads (4-1 and 45) is, the one head wedge (4l) on the drive shaft (42) and the other head key (45) are rotatably disposed on an inclined surface with respect to the drive shaft (42); by several channels (71) arranged in the work table (8) for receiving and extracting the cooling liquid for the to be processed Workpiece, the channels (71) inside the console (3) via lines in a container (72, 74) inside the console empty. 4, pre-machine according to claim 3 j, characterized in that the spindle (56) mounted in balls in a hollow column (4) is arranged and from the outside via a - 22 309851/0306 Control element (65) is actuated by means of a gear (60) which engages in a gear rim (6l) of the spindle (56) and that the brake (62, 64) acting only in one direction is arranged on the drive pin (58) of the control element (65) that only allows the console (3) to go up, but not to go down. 5. Pres machine according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the only in one direction Acting brake (62, 64) consists of some friction or brake disks (62), some with the console (3) and some with a socket (63) are connected, which are set up for the lateral axial displacement by actuating several disc springs (67) is, which become effective after actuation of the externally acting control element (65), the bushing (63) with the pin (58) is connected via a ratchet (64), which acts only in one direction radial braking forces on the Control shaft (58) transmits with the possibility of converting the direction of rotation and thus lifting the console (3), whereby after overcoming the braking effect turn the shaft (58) in the opposite direction and the console (3) can be lowered. 6. Pres machine according to claim 3 *, characterized in that that the drive shaft (l6) is rotating - 23 309851/0306 transmits to the transmission shaft by means of a set of conical gears (17 * 19) and that the transmission shaft their rotation at the same time by means of another pair of conical gears (33 * 25) on the output shaft (36) transmits, the transmission shaft consisting of a hollow shaft (26) and another, fitted and coupled Shaft (29) consists and wherein the coupling is the transmission of the torque from one shaft to the other Wave takes over and at the same time allows a longitudinal displacement between the two shafts (26, 29) so that on this enables rotation and, at the same time, adaptation to the center distance between drive shaft (l6) and output shaft (36). 7. Milling machine according to claim 3 * characterized in that that one (45) of the two head parts of the tool head (11) has a driven shaft (47) and one with it has connected tool holder (48) and one inclined by 45 ° in relation to the shaft (42) of the other head part (4l) Intermediate shaft (49), the transmission by means of conical gears (54, 52, 53, 55) and via the intermediate shaft (49) is made, which is inclined to both the drive shaft (42) and the driven shaft (47) by 45 °, and that the one end of the intermediate shaft (49) in the inclined. With headboard (45) - 24 - 309851 / Ö3Ö6 and the other end of the shaft in one between the two head parts (4l and 45) located intermediate piece (51) stored 1st. 9. Milling machine according to claims 3 and ¹ J, characterized in that the inner head part (4l) can be fastened coaxially to the drive shaft (42) in any rotational angle position on the stand (2), the rotation being measurable on its own scale is and that anchoring elements (4j) are provided for rotary fastening, the heads of which can slide in a circumferential annular groove of the stator housing, this inner head part (41) having an end surface inclined at 45 ° with respect to the drive shaft (42). 9. Milling machine according to claims j5, 7 and 8, characterized characterized in that the outer head part (45) can rotate with its inclined intermediate shaft (49) on the inclined surface of the inner head part (4l), since this has a circumferential, undercut annular groove (44) in which the heads of anchoring elements (46) of the outer head part (45) can slide, the angular position of the outer head part (45) being measurable on its own scale, so that by a rotary movement of the outer head part (45) the - 25 309851 / 030S driven shaft (47) and the tool holder (48) the Geometric location of the generatriz point by 45 ° occupy inclined cone with respect to the rotating shaft of this head and in correspondence with the intermediate transmission shaft. 10. Pres machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that the brake shoes (78, 79, 80) which block the console (3) in their working position, are arranged on a shaft (76.) which can be actuated by a lever (77), of which two of these brake shoes (78, 79) at one end of the shaft (76) and the third brake shoe (80) are mounted on the other end of the shaft (76) in such a way that when the lever (77) is actuated, the two on the brake shoes (78, 79) mounted on one end, the cylindrical guide rod (5) of the bracket (j5) also act, while the brake shoe (80) mounted on the other end of the shaft (76) acts on the machine housing. 309851 / 030S Blank page