DE2252918A1 - ULTRASONIC SHAVER - Google Patents

Description

ULTRASONIC SYSTEMS, INC., 405 Smith Street,

Farmingdale, New York 11 735 / V. St. A.

Our reference: U 235

Ultrasonic razor

The invention relates to methods and apparatus for electric shaving and in particular to methods and apparatus for shaving using ultrasonic energy suitable for regular household use.

The use of ultrasonic energy for shaving has already been introduced proposed, wherein a razor blade was set in ultrasonic vibrations and this blade in abutment against the hair was brought in and cut. It is a so-called wet razor, as it is in the U.S. Patents 3,509,626 and 3,610,080.

It has now been found that the ultrasonic energy can also be used in a dry electric shaver to do the same Improve efficiency in various ways.

The known dry shavers have a wide variety of shapes. However, all of them basically have an electric motor, which is powered by a battery or the mains and a knife, which is driven by this motor. The movement, that is imparted to the knife can be a rotary movement, a longitudinal movement or a swinging movement. With all of the

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known devices, the knife is moved at a speed which is related to the mains frequency of 60 Hz, for example, and the knife can move about 60 to 120 times move every second.

Such motor-operated devices have certain advantages over conventional hand-held razors. Since a very much larger number of cutting edges per second are made available by the powered apparatus, a considerably larger number of cuts is performed by the user in a given time. IieJ over the skin surfaces to be shaved, guide '.., ....; because the motor, the power available that is necessary to move the cutting head in the manner described, the user only the nut Cchutü _t lic shave to perform. These apparatuses have the advantage that they are relatively easy to use and that with these apparatuses a larger unit of area can be processed per unit of time, compared with conventional handheld razors.

The use of these conventional motorized and manually operated razors, however, eliminates certain disadvantages when shaving. There are essentially two factors that are important to obtain an optimal shave. The first factor is that there is minimal frictional resistance between the razor and the skin when using the razor is moved relative to the skin and the second factor is that the cutting edge of the knife is as sharp as possible to facilitate the clipping of hair as the razor moves over the surface of the skin.

It is off, the general objective of the present invention, the drawbacks of the previous shaving characterized in that method and shavers in which ultrasonic energy is used for shaving, which enables a considerably better shaving are provided, wherein the apparatus door an household use are completely safe.

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Another object of the invention is to find new and improved
To create shaving techniques and razors for dry shaving, whereby a close shave is made possible for different hair growths.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new type of razor and to provide an improved shaving technique using ultrasound, reducing frictional resistance against a Movement of the razor over the skin is significantly reduced. . . .

Another aim of the invention is to provide a new and improved one
To create shaving technology and new and improved razors that use ultrasound energy for dry shaving.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new type of razor to create, in which ultrasound is used, the recording speed of the hair through the protective member is increased.

The foregoing objects of the invention and other objects set forth in the specification are achieved by providing a series of features, steps and elements which work together to achieve a unique shaving effect. It has been found that when ultrasonic energy is applied to a cutting member or cutting knife or cutting head
is supplied, an improved shave can be achieved without damaging the skin.

According to the invention, the electric shaver is designed in such a way that that certain limitations or disadvantages of known dry razors are overcome or eliminated.

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It is common for electric razors to be very thin To use metal blades as a protective member behind which a vibrating or rotating shear cutter head works. In this way, the shearing action cuts the hair as close to the surface of the skin as it is the thickness of the protective member or razor blade. The general development trend now is to manufacture thinner protective members, to improve the smoothness of the shave. It has now been found that this common electric shave practice has several Disadvantages occur. Once the hair is cut, it is done in an uneven manner because of the very small Compliance of the hair. The skin near the hair is also irritated by a combination of For example, the cutting forces required of the hair exert a pulling effect on the skin and a frictional effect also arises. Irritation can still be exerted from the roughly cut hair itself. When cutting a hair, the hair may begin to bend so that when the cut begins, it is very close to the Skin is cut off and the curvature of the hair can create an oblique cut that results in a sharp point. This tip destroys the feeling of being clean-shaven during the day when hair grows back before a new shave. in the In the case of very sensitive skin, the hair with a sharp point can curl up and the point can penetrate the skin, and ingrown hairs can form, which not only leads to irritation but also to mild skin diseases can.

It has now been found that by vibrating the protective member with an ultrasonic frequency, the reception of hair or the Ability of the hair to enter the protective limb is significantly improved. As is known, each has a protective limb or razor blade a number of openings which are arranged at a distance from one another and which is the initial cut when shaving

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in that the hair enters through these openings.

A basic factor of the invention is based on the unexpected plague that if the protective member with small openings easily applied against the bearded skin to be shaved, and when ultrasonic vibrations are generated, the hair becomes apparent detectable way automatically enter the openings, which is an effect that does not exist at all is when ultrasonic vibrations are not used. When the hair enters through the openings, the cutter head cuts this immediately completely, as long as the.Schermesserkopf carries out an average transverse movement, which is larger than the diameter of the hair. When this mean movement 0.5 is now, which can easily be achieved kanir, wuLci ült.o.o dimension is larger than the coarsest hair, the hair can be cut off. The overall result of the novel Combination of movements is that the hair with a lesser. Pressure can be shaved off and that a smoothness the shave and a comfort can be achieved that could not be achieved with electric razors. The novel Design enables the use of a lightweight razor having dimensions smaller than those of the US Pat Razors currently on the market. The minor one Space requirements. And the compactness are considerable advantages, whereby nor do the outstanding shaving qualities have to be taken into account.

How the sound energy creates the effect that the whiskers easier xin the protective member is inserted is not yet completely clear, but the presence of this effect is easy to visualize. Theoretically it can be considered that general in the field of high-frequency mechanical vibrations a passage of small elements through a sieve is facilitated by the fact that a substantial reduction in friction is achieved. It is known in the ultrasound field that that

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Performing powders and viscous masses can be accelerated quite considerably by vibrating the sieves. There may be a certain similarity, which leads to an accelerated introduction of the hair, as is the case with the apparatus according to the invention.

The protective member or the so-called stato member of the razor as well as the cutting members can be designed so that there is a flat surface which is in contact with the skin or a curved surface, for example a cylindrical or spherical surface.

According to the invention, an ultrasonic motor is used, ca not essentially being an electric motor,.!, R <: ':. link that swings back and forth or moves back and forth with a large number of back and forth movements per second and these back and forth movements per second are referred to as the frequency of the motor. Above 16,000 reciprocating movements per second begins a range in which sound waves are above the human hearing ability and these are therefore referred to as ultrasound waves. Let us now consider a vibrating or a reciprocating element that moves back and forth over a distance of about 0.0025 cm in the ultrasonic range, this element achieving the extraordinarily high acceleration of more than twenty times the gravitational acceleration. For the sake of completeness and clarity, note that. Although the number of reciprocations per second is very large, the peak speed reached by the vibrating element during each swing is a relatively low speed, in the range of the running speed of horses, with speeds of about 10 to 15 miles per hour can be achieved. With the ultrasonic motor described and used here, a very high frequency and a very high acceleration are achieved, and indeed combined with a relatively low top speed. This is very important as it helps

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the ultrasonic cutters become an extremely safe tool, something that has already been done in the field of dentistry and on other industrial ones. Areas turned out to be. The question now arises regarding the effects this technical fact on the performance of an ultrasonic electric shaver.

If a cutting edge can move back and forth at an ultrasonic frequency, it can approach and recede a surface to which it is applied several thousand times every second. Consider now the cutting edge during a full cycle of reciprocating motion. The consideration begins at the point in time at dtrr. the cutting edge comes into contact with the surface te fir, int.; ri instantly it recedes from this surface by the vibratory motion and continues to move backward for half a cycle of vibrations. During the next half oscillation cycle, the cutting edge approaches this surface again and comes into contact with it at the end of the second half oscillation cycle. The entire process takes place over a period of no more than 1 / 50,000th of a second, since the frequency of the ultrasonic motor is 30,000 oscillations per second. In this extraordinarily short period of time, the acceleration of the output of the motor is so high that the surface against which the apparatus is pressed remains out of contact with the cutting edge for most of the oscillation cycle. As a result, the cutting knife used in this way remains out of contact with the protective member, practically all the time, and thereby a so-called relatively impenetrable zone of movement is formed. The consequence of this is that the knife, which vibrates at a high frequency, automatically runs most of the time on a film of air and the surface friction is considerably reduced. In this way, an electric shaver is created which requires less force to achieve the necessary average movement of the cutter.

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This is a salient feature found in an ultrasonic razor can be achieved. It is known that the dynamic force that acts in a mechanical system is equal to the mass multiplied by the acceleration. It is the so-called second Newton's marriage Law. A consequence of this simple relationship is that when the acceleration is extraordinarily high, as is the case with an ultrasonic motor is the case, then the dynamic power capacity of such a motor is greatly enhanced. This means that a cutting edge of the knife through this back and float is able to penetrate the hair with a large dynamic force. This means that with this The razor significantly reduces the pulling force wi.ro that usually occurs when cutting hair, where ^ .U-.ich ^ eJ.tig when the cutting edge has entered a given hair, the high frequency reduces the friction placed on the knife when Through the hair. These two factors add up to the good possibility that the hair that is going through the protective member extends therethrough, is cut off smoothly and cleanly without creating sharp points on the above with reference to the standard shaving method, these tips being due to the ease with which the Hair can be bent. Accordingly, if the cutting edge of the cutting link is given the corresponding reciprocating motion, so the cutting edge retains the good qualities it had before the reciprocating movement while still achieving the improvements described in the foregoing.

If ultrasonic energy is transmitted to the cutting knife, so this leads to a reduction in the friction between the surface of the protective member and the cutting edges of the cutting knife. In a typical electric shaver, considerable force is required to reduce the static friction between the protective member and to overcome the cutting knife. By having ultrasonic vibrations are applied to the cutting knife, this force will

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very considerably reduced. The fact that the cutting knife ultrasonic vibrations are granted, the cutting or shearing effect is also improved by the high accelerations, that are achieved in this knife.

The discussion of the invention focused on fundamental mechanical ones Considerations of shaving and the benefits and convenience it will bring to the user. The inventive Ultrasonic razor has additional significant advantages. It is known that ointments, skin creams and skin care products for the care of the human skin is of great importance to have. The use of ultrasound energy makes drugs in the form of skin care products much more effective. this arises from a variety of effects, being the ultrasonic energy gives the possibility of excellent cleaning and also the diffusion or penetration of the drug into the skin improves. In many cases there is also an improved one chemical activity for the skin care product.

The invention enables the use of chemical products for skin care, these products having an improved effect that occurs automatically when shaving.

The ultrasonic drive creates new possibilities and there is a combination of new effects and a new shaving concept is made possible. The shave is very smooth and the pulling effects on the hair are reduced and furthermore, skin irritation is reduced. Better hair cutting dynamics are achieved and skin care is also achieved improved. .

The invention is intended to be referred to in the following description to which the figures of the drawing are explained. Show it

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Pig. 1 is a partially sectioned side view of an electric shaver with an ultrasound source,

Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned view of the in Pig. I illustrated Razor,

3 to 6 enlarged representations of the vibrations of the protective member and hair,

Fig. 7 is a partially sectioned side view of an electrical Razor with an ultrasonic source,

Fig. 8 is a partially sectioned front view of the razor shown in Fig. 7;

9 and 10 are enlarged schematic representations of the relationships of the different elements to each other,

10 A is a schematic, greatly enlarged view of a part of the elements shown in Fig. 10,

11 is a partially sectioned side view of an electric shaver with an ultrasound source,

FIG. 12 is a partially sectioned front view of the in FIG shown razor,

P ¹ Ig. 13 is a partially sectioned side view of an electric shaver with a single motor for producing a medium low frequency movement and for producing high frequency mechanical vibrations and

Fig.I ¹ I is a partially sectioned front view of the razor shown in FIG.

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In the figures of the drawing, those components that are not required for an understanding of the invention, either omitted or shown only schematically.

1 and 2, there is a dry electric shaver 10 . shown. This razor has a box-like housing 12 to which a razor head 15 is attached. The housing 12 consists of a housing section., With an opening 16 pointing outwards. The shaving head 15 is arranged in this opening 16 and interacts with the housing 12 to form an overall housing 17 in which a conventional electric motor 18 is mounted.

It is known that batteries * which are rechargeable, in the housing can be used, and means are provided to enable the batteries to be recharged from an external voltage source can be connected. A switch 20 controls the activation of the motor 18.

The shaving head 15 has an outer frame 24, which is an outer Has a shear blade 25 or a protective member 25 which is in the form of a perforated arched component, this component Can absorb ultrasonic vibrations. An inner cutting head 30 is also provided. The protective member 25 in the form of a perforated curved component is practically a thin flexible A component that has an outer surface 26 that bears against the skin of the user and is spaced apart inner surface 28 is present, and this protective member has a number of openings 33 which extend between these surfaces extend. Each opening 32 has an inclined wall. 3 ^ on which in the inner and outer surfaces on one edge 36 passes .. The guard member is mounted on a support frame 26 and the guard member is in the shape of an inverted U, as shown in FIG Fig. 1 is shown. In order to cut off hairs that extend through the openings 32 in the protective member, an

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number of cutting blades 40 is provided which is carried by a base 42, these cutting blades having leading edges 44 which come into shear engagement with the lower surface 28 of the protective member or razor blade 25. Die Schäfer der Schieber 40 sind in der Basis 42 an der base 42. The structure of the protective member 25 and the cutting head 30 with the cutting blades 40 and the base 42 and the support pin 46 connected to the motor 18, this support pin extending from a bottom surface 43 and with a spring 48 being provided to support the press front edges 44 of the knife against the inner surface 28 of the protective member is known per se and the mode of operation need not be described in detail. The cutting head 25 ', which has a number of individual cutting knives 40, is also known and works together with the protective member or with the shear blade 25, which lies over the tendon i dme η π ρ rn' ^{| O.} These cutting blades can consist, in a known manner, of a number of cutting blades which are mounted on the frame 42 or are formed integrally therewith. The Razor 25 is a very thin sheet having a large number of openings 32 through which the beard hairs extend, and they are in contact with the cutting blades ¹ JO. In the illustrated embodiment, the shear blade 25 can be connected to the outer frame 24 in the usual way, the shear blade being mounted in a removable manner. However, it is also possible to use a so-called double shear blade, which lies over two cutting heads, in which case the shear blade is equipped with a corresponding holder in the middle.

At the outer ends, i.e. H. on those connected to the outer wall of the housing, the shear blade 25 is in As is known, mounted in such a way that it has a certain freedom of movement, so that the blade itself follows the contours and movements of the cutting head 40 can adjust the against the shear blade 25 is biased from below under the biasing action 48.

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The use of mechanical ultrasonic vibrations is shown in FIGS. In particular, the relative movement of the shear blade 25 and its openings 32, which extend at a distance from one another between the outer surface 26 and the inner surface 28, is shown. These openings 32 have a side wall 3H , and this ends in an edge 36 which delimits the cross-sectional area of the opening, which cross-section can be circular, rectangular or any other desired shape. In order to achieve a reduction in friction and greater absorption for the hairs 50 which extend from the skin 52, which hairs have leading edges 55 which enter the openings 32 of the blade 25, an ultrasonic source 60 is provided with the blade 25 is connected in order to transfer ultrasonic energy to the outer surface of this shear blade, whereby mechanical vibrations are generated which run essentially perpendicular and / or parallel to the outer surface 26 of the skin 52. As a result, the frictional resistance of the inner wall 3 ^ of the opening 32 with respect to the hair 50 is substantially reduced, in order to allow easy entry of the hair 50 into the corresponding opening 32. In this way, the rate of entry of the hair 50 through the openings 32 is increased.

The vibration generator 60 has a vibration generator 62 on, which can be adjustable to the frequency, the power and to change the amplitude and one or more ultrasonic transducers 65 may be bonded to the lower surface 28 of the shear blade 25 in order to generate the mechanical ultrasonic vibrations. The transducer 65 can be of a commercially available type, for example a piezo-electric element, which is connected to the shear blade 25 is connected in an energy transferring relationship, for example by means of a binder or an epoxy material.

The ultrasonic transducer 65 can with the shear blade 25 also on a be connected to the outer surface. The ultrasonic transducer can have various embodiments. He 'can for example be a be electrodynamic transducer, a piezo-electric or more magnetostrictive. Because of the operating range of frequencies

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and the available space is for an ultrasonic razor It is desirable that the transducer 65 include an element which is preferably a piezo-electric element is. The transducer 65 generates ultrasonic vibrations that generate elastic vibrations of the shear blade 25, namely with high frequency of at least 5,000 Hz with a peak acceleration on the order of at least 1,000 g, the frictional resistance to hair 50 or skin 52 being entirely is significantly reduced, so that the force required to produce a relative movement is relatively small can be. The term "ultrasound" encompasses vibrations in the range from 5,000 to 1 million Hz and in particular in the range from 15,000 to 100,000 Hz.

The vibrations can be continuous to the entire blade to vibrate in phase. Due to the small thickness dimension of the shear blade 25, however, zones can also be used are generated by vibratory movements and either at a predetermined distance from each other or it can be arbitrary Vibrations are generated. The oscillation generator 62 can be designed in such a way that the oscillation frequency is continuous of the transducer 65 can be changed in order to change the position of the vibration zones along the shear blade in order to prevent that significant vibration concentrations develop along the surface 26 at some point, thereby generating heat could be. The shear blade 25 is preferably caused to vibrate in phase, however, due to the small thickness dimension of the shear blade vibrate this so that it has antinodes in certain areas and in other areas Vibration node. When a substantial part of the blade 25 is actively vibrated, the beneficial effects become still achieved with the exception of the case that the nodes and bellies continuously with a wobbling of the oscillation frequency Ultrasonic speed can be changed in such a way that each part of the shear blade 25 is actively vibrated for all intended purposes.

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Through the thickness of the shear blade 25, the vibrational energy generates a movement which has components which extend both perpendicularly and parallel to the outer surface 26 such that the movement at each opening 32 is such that the wall 3 ^ extends from the dashed line to moved to the solid line with a frequency of 50,000 Hz. In the same way, the wall edge 36 shifts its position, as shown in FIG. 3. The end 58 of a particular hair can lie on the edge 36 or above the edge, and with a normal passage of the razor the hair 50 does not enter the opening. If, however, the shear blade 25 is vibrated, as shown in FIG. 4, those hairs which are located in the vicinity of the opening are introduced into the corresponding opening.

Although the full theory is not yet entirely clear, it is possible that the tips of hairs are also vibrating so that they fit into the corresponding openings meander. As FIG. 5 shows, the hairs 50 are inserted into an opening 32 have occurred, in this. The vibrations have vibration components which run essentially parallel to the surface, perpendicular to this, as FIG. 6 shows. Elliptical vibration components, torsional vibration components, overflow vibration components, etc. can also be provided.

The fact that a transducer 65 or more transducers 65 with the inner Surface 28 of the blade 25 can be connected, a number can be achieved by vibration zones because of the low Thickness dimension of the shear blade 25. The distance between these oscillation zones can be such that each hair 50 always zones of oscillation movement is exposed. It is possible for the entire surface 26 to vibrate in a specific phase relationship to move. However, it is considered desirable that as long as there are sufficient areas of movement, a component in the plane perpendicular and / or parallel to the direction of movement of the skin 52 available, whereby the friction reduction

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is sufficient to allow the hair 50 extend into the openings 32 at high speed. The vibration magnitude is shown in FIG. The outer surface 26 moves between the solid line at the end of each oscillation cycle and the dashed line at at the other end of the oscillation cycle, namely at about 50,000 Hz, the oscillation amplitude being about 0.0005 cm. This means, that the debris from the skin surface 54 of the skin 50 occurs faster than by the action of gravity such that only when the outer surface 26 reaches its peak height, this instantly comes into contact with the skin. This is a new phenomenon in the application of ultrasonic mechanical vibration energy, and this phenomenon may occur in a Razor used to achieve relative movement on the skin with minimal drag. The setting of the coefficient of friction between the skin 52 and the shear blade 25 takes place by changing the amplitude and / or the Frequency of the vibrations and this makes it possible to adjust the friction reduction, this friction reduction of can be set individually for the individual user of the shaver.

It has been found that because of the vibrations in a plane perpendicular for the direction of the static forces against the face the frictional resistance of the shear blade 25 to movement on the skin 52 is very considerably reduced. One possible explanation for this observed phenomenon is that the extreme high acceleration of the upper surface 26 of the shear blade 25 due to the vibrations, only a relatively low sliding friction between the skin 5 ^ and the surface 26 allows. Even if the skin 5 ^ is stationary, the blade 25 can nevertheless easily be shifted relative to the skin.

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In the illustration in FIG. 6, the oscillation frequency lie between the solid and dashed lines at the free end part of the shear blade 25 in the range from 5 to 1,000 kHz, wherein the oscillation amplitude is in the range of about 0.00001 to 0.010 inches, whereby the vibrational energy is used in a sufficient manner to considerably reduce the frictional resistance of the skin surface 5 * 1 against a forward movement of the shear blade 25 reduce. By manual movement of the shear blade 25, which is vibrated with ultrasound, relative to the hair 50 can be shaved over a very substantial area.

The transducer 62 shown has such dimensions that it is inserted into a wall cutout with its protrusions 66 can be. The cable 68 is connected to the housing Ii? tied together and in the usual manner with the electric motor 18 used to drive the cutting head in the direction of double arrow 70 in FIG Movement to create a transverse motion to cut the hair. The converter 62 can be battery operated Be a converter because the battery is arranged within the housing 12 is. The structure can be as described in US patent application Ser. No. 119 298 of February 26, 1971. The converter 62 is connected to the ultrasonic motor 65 via lines 72 and 7 * 1 connected on both sides of the crystal element are soldered in the usual way. The dimensional relationships of the crystal 65 and the associated shear blade 25 are determined so that that they result in a certain frequency. The switch 20 is with the motor 18 and with the converter 62 and with the motor 65 connected in such a way that at the same time a transverse movement of the cutting head 30 takes place in the direction of arrows 70, and that the shear blade 25 vibrates with ultrasound.

7 and 8 is another embodiment of the invention shown, an electric shaver 10a has a cutting head 30a, which by means of a transducer 65a in ultrasonic vibrations is moved. Piezo-electric elements 66a are attached to the cutting head 30a by means of a binding agent. the

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Attachment is on the lower surface ¹ IYes the base 42a of the cutting head 30a. A support member 80a may be attached by a binder 66 and 82a voltage lines 72a and 7 ¹ Yes at the rear surface of the transducer with the transducer element 66a and the rear block 80a or connected to opposite sides of the transducer 66a. The lines 72a and 7 ¹ Yes in turn are connected to the transducer 62a, which is in this case arranged inside the housing 12a. The static force required to move the cutting head 30a relative to the shear blade 25a is significantly reduced and the electric motor 18a used to vibrate the cutting head 30a relative to the shear blade 25a can with respect to performance and the Dimension can be made smaller. The cutting head can also be a rotating cutting head or other commonly used cutting head and the oscillating cutting head has been shown for illustration purposes only. The transducer 65a can be of various shapes and sizes and can be connected to the cutting head at various locations. It is possible to manufacture all of the cutting members or a substantial part of the cutting members from a converter material. Although wires are shown connecting electrical power to the transducers, it is also possible to use electrical contact arms as described in the above US patent application.

Electric power is supplied via a plug 8 ¹ Ja, which can be connected to a socket via plug pins 85a. This connector is connected to a cable 68a. When the switch 20a is switched on, the cutting head 30a vibrates in the direction of the arrow 70a with ultrasonic oscillations.

The shaving head 15a has the outer frame 2 ¹ Ia and this carries the outer shaving blade 25a, which has a curved shape, and the cutting head 30a is also arranged in the head. The blade 25a in this embodiment is in the form of a perforated one

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thin component having an outer surface 26a and a spaced-apart inner surface 28a. There are a number of openings 32a extending between these surfaces, these openings having inclined walls 34a connected to the inner and outer surfaces at one edge 26a, the arrangement being such that the shear blade 25a is in the shape of an inverted U. A hair shearing, which extend through the openings 32a of the shear blade 25a is provided a Anazhl of cutting blades ¹ IOa,

carried by a base 42a. These sheets have ·.

Leading edges 44a which scissor-engage the bottom 28a of the shear blade 25a arrive. The structure of the shaving head 25a and the inner cutting head, which consists of the cutting blades 40a consists of the base 42a and a support pin 46a which is connected to the motor 18a, this pin extending from the underside 43a extends from and wherein a spring 48 extends the front ends 44a the cutter 40a pressing against the inner surface 28a of the shear blade 25a is known per se. How it works therefore does not need to be described in more detail.

The cutting head 30a carries a number of individual cutting blades 40a and this structure is also known and this cutting head cooperates with the shear blade 25 which is above the cutting blades 40a lies. The cutting blades can be designed in a manner known per se and the cutting head can be made from a number of Cutting mechanisms exist which are mounted on a frame 42a or the like or are formed integrally therewith. The shear blade 25 is a very thin sheet which has a large number of openings 32a. Can through these openings Hair 50a come into contact with the cutting blades 40a. In the illustrated embodiment, the shear blade 25a with the Frame 24a can be connected in the usual way and this blade can be removed in a manner known per se.

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At the outer ends, i.e. H. on those connected to the outer wall of the housing, the shear blade 25a is shown in FIG Mounted in a manner known per se in such a way that it has a certain freedom of movement, so that it is self-contained in contours and movements the cutting knife 40a can adjust that against the shear blade 25a are pressed from below under the action of the bias spring ^ 8a, which is assigned to the cutting head.

One aspect of the invention is to achieve the effects illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6, and namely in that the vibration movement is introduced at an ultrasonic frequency and through the contact of edges ¹ I ¹ Ia, of the blades 40a with the shear blade . When the cutting blades are vibrated with ultrasound, a friction reducing effect is achieved, and the hairs 50a, which extend from the skin 52a and have front corners 55a, enter the openings 32a of the shear blade 25a at a high rate. The resistance or the friction of the inner wall 3 ¹ Ia. the opening 32a with respect to the hair 50a is in this way very substantially reduced, so that the hair 50a can easily enter the opening 32a. The rate of uptake of hair 50a through openings 32a is increased.

The vibration generator 60a of this exemplary embodiment has a vibration generator 62a which can be adjustable, to change frequency, power and amplitude and an ultrasonic transducer 65a or more can be connected to the bottom Oa of the Cutting head 30a be connected to generate the mechanical ultrasonic vibrations. The transducer 65a can be of conventional construction be, and it can be a piezoelectric element, which is .geschaltet and installed in a corresponding manner.

The transducer 65a generates ultrasonic vibrations that generate elastic vibrations of the cutting head 30a at high frequency, wherein the frequency is at least 5,000 Hz and wherein a peak acceleration on the order of at least 1,000 g

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occurs, whereby the frictional resistance to the movement of the knives 40a relative to the surface 28a is reduced quite considerably so that the force required to produce relative motion may be small. This enables the Use of a motor 18a with less power than would otherwise be required.

Characterized in that a transducer 65a or more are connected to the lower surface 43a of the cutting head 30a, each blade is vibrated 42a having a given amplitude such that the blade edge of each blade ¹ Joa during a substantial period of time from contact with the surface 28a is as shown in Figs. The friction reduction is in part related to the actual vibration amplitude, as Pig did. 1OA shows. The outer surface 44a moves between a normal rest position, shown in solid lines, and a dashed line at each end of the oscillation cycle, at a frequency of about 50,000 Hz, with the oscillation amplitude being 0.0002 inches. This means that backward movement from the blade surface 25a is at a greater rate than that produced by gravity, with the outer edge 44a, when it reaches its tip height, instantly coming into contact with the surface 28a. This phenomenon is a novel phenomenon of the exploitation of mechanical ultrasonic energy and this phenomenon can be used in a razor to produce movement relative to the blade 25a with minimal drag. The adjustment of the coefficient of friction between the cutting head 30a and the shaving blade 25a is done by changing the amplitude and / or the frequency of the vibrations and this makes it possible to control the reduction in friction and the individual user can use his shaver if appropriate precautions are taken , set individually.

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It was found that the vibrations in one plane perpendicular to the direction of the static force exerted against the blade 25a through the skin 52a, the frictional resistance of the cutting head 30a when moving towards the shear blade 25a is decreased. A possible explanation for this observed phenomenon is that the extremely high acceleration of the upper surface 44a of the shaving head 30a by the vibrations only a relatively low sliding friction is generated between the knife edges 44a and the shear blade 28a. Even if the shear blade 26a is stationary, the shaving head 30a can nevertheless be easily displaced relative to it.

The frequency of oscillation between the full and dashed lines at the free end portion of the cutting head can be, wif? Vic · 1- "^ Ct range from 5 to 1,000 kHz while the vibration amplitude ranges from about 0.00001 to 0.005 inches to ensure that sufficient vibrational energy is introduced to substantially reduce the frictional drag against a Hin - and to reduce the reciprocation of the cutting head 30a The higher the frequency, the smaller the oscillation amplitude which is required to achieve the desired reduction in friction.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the cutting edges 44a can be at an ultrasonic frequency move back and forth and these move towards and away from the surface 28a several thousand times every second. Let the knife edge 44a be observed during a cycle. The movement should begin at the point in time at which the Edge is in contact with surface 28a, and the edge is said to be instantly lifted from the surface by the vibrations move back and then the return movement should be carried out during half a cycle, namely by the entire distance. the Amplitude is A, whereby this is half of the p; e-

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entire movement range acts. During the next half cycle the edge moves back towards surface 28a and comes into contact with that surface again at the end of the second cycle. The entire process took 50,000th of a second since the Ultrasonic transducer has a frequency of 50,000 Hz. In this For an extremely short period of time, the acceleration of the edge is so high that the surface is essentially free of contact with the cutting edge during most part of the cycle. This means that a cutting head 30a operated in this way is kept out of contact with the blade 25a virtually all of the time, and a relatively impenetrable zone of movement is formed. It follows that with high frequency vibrating knife edges 40a automatically the most Time to run on a film of air and that the surface friction; is significantly reduced. This creates an electric shaver that requires less force to remove the to generate the necessary transverse movement indicated by arrows 70a on the cutting head 30a is shown.

This is an essential property that can be achieved in an ultrasonic razor. The total dynamic force that is effective in a mechanical system is known to be equal to the mass multiplied by the acceleration. This is what is known as Newton's second law. A consequence of this simple relationship is that when the acceleration is extremely high, as is the case with an ultrasonic motor, the dynamic force capacity of such a motor is then considerably increased . This means that a knife edge ¹ ^ Ha of the cutting head 30a is able to penetrate a hair with a great dynamic force through its back and forth movement. This considerably reduces the tensile forces that usually occur when cutting hair. Once the knife has penetrated a given hair, the high frequency reduces the friction of the knife as it passes through the hair. These two factors add up to the possibility that the hair will easily extend through the shaving head and that hair will come off smoothly.

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cut without resulting in sharp points like those in the foregoing in connection with the usual electric shaving methods have been described. When the knife edges 44a of the cutting head 30a is given a back and forth movement in the correct manner, then one obtains which sliding properties also before the back and forth There are reciprocation, a much better shaving behavior. The force F that is required to move the cutting head back and forth to move is also significantly reduced.

Fig. 10A is an enlarged schematic view showing the combined effects of friction reduction and vibration energy are shown.

First, refer to the friction reducing effect illustrates the working surface 44a of the vibrating knife 40a when the vibrator is at rest; H. when the converter is not turned on. When the knife 40a is vibrated in the plane perpendicular to the surface 28a of the shear blade 25a, while moving in a direction indicated by arrow 70a, it has a vibration component normal to the plane of the moving knife edge 44a. It has now been found that a frequency in the range from 5,000 to 100,000 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0.0001 to 0.010 inches produces the beneficial results of friction reduction.

The oscillating knife 40a moves over a stroke S in the direction of double arrow 90a. This stroke creates a range of motion as shown by the dashed lines in Fig.10a, namely by the spaced apart parallel solid and dashed lines. The lines extend from each side of the work surface 44a and this is the level of the maximum speed V at a

Max

given oscillation cycle. These lines are the farthest to begin with away from each other as they approach the maximum impact that the cutting knife will go through in one cycle

3098 19/080 1

- 25 - "2252913

the distance to indicate that the oscillation speed has decreased. The dashed lines are therefore densest at points D, where the acceleration is highest (A). This is where the speed is slowest. A point P on the cutting surface 4 ¹ Ia moves according to the following equations:

Shift from P = X = A. sin 2 ft! speed of P = 2TT "f A cos 2 Y ft acceleration of P = & · = -4 T ² f ² A sin 2 if ft = -l \ l ( ² f ²

F = oscillation frequency S = oscillation stroke

A = S / 2 = vibration amplitude

This results in

II
Tip shift = A = 1/2 S

Peak speed = 2 I / 5A = T | 5 S = V

. P, p __i j max

Peak acceleration = ¹ JiT S A = 2IjV _mov

Iu el X

A table of peak values can be found for equations I and II calculate and one obtains the following approximate peak accelerations

Frequency in kHz 50 kHz Peak shift A (in)

Top Speed V (feet per second)

lad Λ

Peak acceleration A_ (g) 107,000 75,000 18,750 4,690

Max

It can be seen that there is a process with a high frequency and a relatively low peak speed, wherein however, very large peak accelerations occur.

50 ♦ kHz 20- kHz 10 I. kHz 5 t kHz 002
50 • 002
20th , 002
10 002
5

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For the separation of the shear blade and the cutting head that while the oscillation occurs we have to separate the acceleration that creates the static force against the shear blade, the spring 48a tending to compress the two links together when the cutting head collides against the blade Exerts weight W, then the static force F generates an acceleration, which is given by the following equation

For example, if we have a shear blade of 0.10 pounds and if there is a static force of 5 pounds is, then applies

A = 2nd E = 50 g

.10

and the accelerations shown above are sufficient high to ensure separation of the blade and cutting head during compression. Also in cases in which there is no complete separation, there is a very considerable reduction in friction due to their presence of the vibrations.

Figs. 11 and 12 show another embodiment of the invention. The electric shaver 10b has a cutting head 30b and a shaving blade 25b, and this is set into ultrasonic vibrations by vibration generators 60b. On the cutting head 30b piezoelectric elements 66b are secured by means of a binder and that on the underside 13b of the base ¹ 42b. A support member 80b may be attached to the rear of the transducer 66b by means of a binding agent 82b, with voltage lines 72b and 74b attached to the transducer element 66b and block 80b, or to the two opposite sides of the transducer 66b. The lines 72b and 74b are in turn connected to the converter 62b, which in the present exemplary embodiment is arranged in the housing 12b. Since the static force required to move the cutting head 30b relative to the shear blade 25b,

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is significantly degraded, the electric motor 18b that uses is to vibrate the cutting head 30b relative to the shear blade 25b, in terms of performance and its Dimension to be reduced. It is possible to use all parts of the cutting head or essentially all of them from one transducer material make yourself. Although wires are provided as a means of connecting the voltage to the transducer, electrical Contact arms can also be used as described in the U.S. patent application cited above *

Electric current is supplied via a plug 8 ¹ Ib, which is connected to a plug contact of the plug pin 85b. This connector is connected to a cable 68b. When the switch 20b is on, the cutting head 30b is vibrated in the direction of arrow 70b at an ultrasonic frequency.

The cutting head assembly 15b has an outer frame 2 ¹ Ib which contains the cutting blade 25b. It is a perforated curved cutting blade and an inner knife assembly 30b is provided. The blade 25b is in the form of a perforated, thin flexible member and this blade has an outer surface 26b and a spaced inner surface 28b and a number of openings 32b are provided which extend between these surfaces. Each opening 32b has an inclined inner wall that is connected to the corresponding inner and outer surfaces. The cutting blade is mounted on the support frame such that the cutting blade 25b takes an inverted U shape. In order to cut off hairs which extend through the openings 32b, is provided a number of knives ¹ IOb, which are supported by a base 42b. These knives have leading edges which rest against the surface 28b of the shear blade 25b in shear contact. The construction of the shear blade 25b and the cutting means 30b consisting of the shearing blades ¹ IOb, the base 42b and the support pin 46b, which is connected with the motor 18b and

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which extends from the underside ^ 3b, with a spring Jl8b is provided that the front end of the knife 4Ob against the inner surface 28b of the shear blade 25b is known per se. The mode of operation of this structure therefore no longer has to be explained.

To achieve the friction reducing effect and to have a high one To achieve the uptake rate for the hair that extends from the skin and that enters the openings 32b of the shear blade 25b should occur, ultrasonic generators 6Ob are used and these ultrasonic generators are connected to the blade 25b to transmit ultrasonic energy to the outer surface, to create mechanical vibrations that have components that are substantially perpendicular and / or parallel to the outer surface 26b run. In this way, the frictional resistance of the inner walls of the openings 32b with respect to the hair is reduced substantially reduced, so that the hair can easily enter the corresponding openings 32b. It will be an amplified one Exit rate of the hair achieved through the openings 32b.

The vibration generators 60b have one or more ultrasonic transducers 65b which are connected to the underside 28b of the shear blade 25b in order to generate ultrasonic vibrations. Lines 72b and Jkb are provided which connect converter 66b to converter 62b. The transducer 65b may be a piezoelectric element that is connected to the shear blade 25b in an energy transmitting relationship through a binder or an epoxy material.

Figs. 13 and 1 * J show another embodiment of one electric shaver 10c, wherein the vibration generator 60c has a vibration generator 62c, which is in the housing 12c is arranged and an ultrasonic drive 6 ^ c is provided, vibrating the blade 30c. A transverse movement is

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testifies, as indicated by the arrow 70c and an ultrasonic movement, as indicated by arrow 92c in a direction substantially parallel to the outer surface 26c and another component is represented by arrow 90c which is substantially perpendicular.

The ultrasonic motor 65c can generally be of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 38 149 of May 18, 1970 is described. ·

• Electric power is supplied through a connector 84c, the be connected to a socket by means of connector pins 85c can. This connector is connected to a cable 68c. When the switch 20c is on, the cutter head 30c is in the direction of the arrow 70c vibrates and at the same time it is moved with an ultrasonic frequency.,

The razor head 5c has an outer frame 24c and this frame comprises the shear blade 25c which is in the shape of a perforated Has head and a cutting head 30c is also provided. The shear blade 25c is in the form of a perforated thin flexible Component and this shear blade has an outer surface 26c and an inner surface 28c arranged at a distance therefrom, wherein a number of openings 32c is provided, which extends between these surfaces. Each opening 32c has an inclined wall that coincides with the inner and outer surfaces is connected and each blade is attached to a support frame such that the blade 25c has the shape of an inverted one U assumes. To shave off hair that extends through the perforations 32c extend therethrough, a number of cutting blades 40c are arranged within the shear blade 25c. These cutting knives are carried by the base 42c and have a leading edge 44c that rests against the underside 28c of the blade 25c issue. The inner shaving head 30c consists of shearing blades 40c, the base 42c and a transmission component 46c, which is connected to the

309819 / 0.90

Motor 65c are connected. The knives 40c rest against the inner surface 28c of the shear blade 25c. In the illustrated embodiment, the blade 25c can be connected to the frame 2 ¹ Ic in the usual way and the blade can be removable, as is known per se.

The oscillation generator 60c has an oscillation generator 62c, which can be adjustable to the frequency, the power and to change the amplitude. The ultrasonic motor 65c is connected to the underside 43c of the cutting head 30c for mechanical To generate ultrasonic vibrations.

The converter 65c generates ultrasonic vibrations, the elastic vibrations of the cutting head 30c at a high frequency of at least 5000 Hz cause namely g with a peak acceleration of the order of at least 1000, whereby the frictional resistance of the blade 38c ¹ IOC relative to the surface is considerably reduced so that the force required to effect the relative movement can be relatively small.

The ultrasonic motor 65 disposed in the housing 12c has the transmission rod 46c extending from the motor and connected to base 42c at surface 43c. That Housing 12c has a horizontal wall 92c with an opening 94c, and a similar wall 96c is provided that extends from the outer frame 24c. A flexible closure is provided which has a neck portion 98c and which supports the transmission rod 96c surrounds so that the transverse movement can be carried out and the lock still has the purpose of preventing that cut hair enters the interior of the housing. This fastener has a neck portion 100c that on the wall 96c is attached.

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The motor 65c has two spaced apart elongated sections 102c and 104c, and a coupling 105c is provided which connects the sections in a relatively in a fixed position. The front end of the section 10 * lc has a curved neck portion 108c that is connected to the transmission member M6c is connected. Holders in the form of elastic components 110c are in contact with the housing wall 112c arranged and form a seat. If the elastic components 110c are dimensioned with respect to the suspension so that a 60 Hz alternating current can drive the low frequency motor I8c, so the entire ultrasonic motor 65c is vibrated. -

The motor 65c has converter devices which extend between the sections 102c and 104c, and these are crystal elements 112c and 11 * Jc arranged at a distance from one another and a metal block II6c arranged therebetween. End members 118c and 120c are provided and a screw 122c with a head 12 ¹ Ic extends through this assembly. A connection 125c is provided on the head 12 ¹ Jc and an electrical line 72c is connected to the spacer block Il6c and a. Ground line 7 ^ c is connected to extension 125c; This line leads to the converter in the usual way.

The motor 65c issues the cutting blades ¹ JOC the mechanical ultrasonic vibrations, and the motor 18c issued as shown in FIG. I ¹ I shows the low-frequency transverse vibration the blades ¹ IOC, this movement being at least equal to the diameter of the openings 32 to the hair cut extending through surface 26c and across surface 28c. Various devices are available to generate the transverse movement. Such a device is shown in Fig. I ¹ I and there are magnets 126c and 128c which are arranged on the rod 6 ¹ Jc on both sides, which are polarized in opposite directions. Motor mounts 130c and 132c extend from housing 12c and are horizontally aligned with

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Magnets 126c and 128c. Iron cores 13 ¹ Jc and 136c are attached to the front ends of the motor brackets 130c and 132c, spaced from the magnets 126c and 128c, to generate transverse movement when a low-frequency alternating current having a frequency of 60 Hz flows through the coil 138c, surrounding brackets 130c and 123c. A choke I ¹ IOc is arranged between the coil 138c and the line 72c in order to keep the high-frequency current out of this circuit. It should be noted that the motor 18c is shown in schematic form. This motor generates vibrations in the arm ^ 6c and thus the necessary transverse movement of the cutting head 30c. Depending on the motor mounting and the thickness of the arm ^ 6c, either the entire motor or only the arm 46c oscillates.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that the use of ultrasonic energy in a dry electric razor is effective to produce an improved shave. According to the invention, there are vibrations with relatively small amplitudes used in the shear blade and / or in the cutter head to achieve various novel results. The apparatus is complete safe and it can be used regularly by men and women around the world without special training.

The decrease in the coefficient of friction between the hair and the blade orifices increases the rate of entry of the Hair in the blade openings and a faster shave is achieved, which is of great importance. Additionally will a better shaving effect achieved through the high accelerations that occur on the sliding knives.

According to the invention, ultrasonic energy is used for a better shave, in conjunction with a new form of razor, with which the novel shaving process can be carried out. There were only a few exemplary embodiments illustrated and described, and it should be noted that modifications

309819/0801

can be carried out, which are within the scope of the invention. For example, the shape and configuration of the ultrasonic motor can be modified from the shapes shown, and different couplings can be used to transmit the ultrasonic energy to the blade or cutter head. The housing shown can also have a transistorized feed system. The shear blade and the cutting heads can have different shapes. They can be set up so that both can be exchanged as a unit. The knife can also be mounted in a razor, in which the knife is rotated, as is usual with certain razors. According to the invention, this knife can then be made to vibrate simultaneously with ultrasound. Only electrical means for producing the low frequency reciprocating motion of the cutting blades have been described, and it will be understood that mechanical means could also be used, such as a hand-wound spring motor or a kinematic linkage assembly which allows the force to be applied the hand of the shaver when he moves the razor over his face > causes a relative transverse movement of the cutting blades.

309819/0801

Claims (1)

- 31 claims ( 1.! A method for shaving hair, characterized in that ^ ~ ^ A) on the hair to be shaved, a protective component is arranged, which is capable of vibrations in the
Record ultrasound area and which a number of
has openings that extend from an outer surface that
is applied against the skin of the user, to an inner one
Extend surface, B) a cutting head relative to the inner surface of the protective member is moved to cut off the hairs extending through the opening and C) Vibrations generated in the protective member with ultrasonic frequency to increase the rate of absorption of the openings for the hair. 2. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective member vibrating with ultrasonic vibrations relative to
moving the hair to shave a significant area. 3. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Protective element with a frequency between approximately 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz is vibrated. 4. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Protective member is vibrated at a frequency between about 15,000 Hz and 100 Hz. 5. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Protective member is moved manually relative to the skin surface. 6. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the oscillation amplitude of the protective member is selected to be sufficiently large
is to achieve a reduction in friction in the relative movement between the protective member and the hair. 309819/0801 7. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration amplitude of the protective member is selected to be sufficiently high in order to achieve a reduction in the friction in the relative movement between the protective member and the cutting head. 8. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations in the protective member are a component of movement which is substantially perpendicular to the outer surface. . 9. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations produce a peak acceleration on the order of at least 1,000 g in the protective member. 10. Shaving method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Vibration frequency-is changed along the movement zones of the protective member to continuously pick up the hair through the openings. 11. A method for shaving hair, characterized in that A) a protective limb on the hair to be shaved off . is arranged, which is able to vibrate in the ultrasonic range and which has a number of openings that extend from an outer surface that opposes the Skin of the user is applied, extend to an inner surface, B) that a cutting head relative to the inner surface of the protective member is moved to cut off the hair that extends through these openings, C) Oscillations with a frequency in the ultrasonic range between about 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz in the protective element are generated to peak accelerations in the order of at least 1 000 g in the protective member to be generated, the oscillation amplitude of the protective member is transmitted to the cutting head in order to reduce the force required to produce a relative To create movement between these parts and around the 309819/0801 The rate of uptake of the hair through the openings raise, D) the ultrasonic vibrating guard member is moved relative to the hair to shave a surface. 12. Shaving method according to claim 11, characterized in that the The vibration amplitude of the protective member is chosen to be sufficiently large to reduce the friction during the relative movement between the protective member and the hair. 13 · Shaving method according to claim 11, characterized in that the ultrasonic oscillation ^ ,; have a component of movement in the protective member which is substantially parallel to the sweeter Surface runs. I ¹ I. Shaving method according to claim 11, characterized in that the ultrasonic vibrations in the protective member have a movement component which is substantially perpendicular to the outer surface. 15 · Method for shaving hair, characterized in that A) A protective limb is placed on the hair to be shaved which is able to absorb vibrations in the ultrasonic range and which has a number of openings which extend from an outer surface which is used to bear against the skin of the user, namely to towards an inner surface, B) a cutting head relative to the inner surface of the protective member is moved to cut hair that extends through the openings and C) simultaneous vibrations in the cutting head with an ultrasonic frequency be excited to improve the cutting action of the cutting head. 309819/0801 16. Shaving method according to claim 15, characterized in that the protective member relative to the hair to be shaved off, is moved to shave a larger surface area of the hair. 17. Shaving method according to claim 15, characterized in that the cutting head with a frequency between about 5,000 Hz and one million Hz is vibrated. 18. Shaving method according to claim 15, characterized in that the The cutting head is vibrated at a frequency between about 15,000 Hz and 100 Hz. ^ 19. Shaving method according to claim 15> characterized in that the Protective member is moved manually relative to the skin surface. 20 of shaving according to claim 15, characterized in _Λ that the rate of uptake to increase the hair through the apertures, the oscillation amplitude of the cutting head is transferred to the protective member. 21. Shaving method according to claim 15 *, characterized in that the vibration amplitude of the protective member is sufficiently large to reduce the friction during the relative movement of the To achieve protective member and the cutting head. 22. Shaving method according to claim 15 »characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations in the cutting head have a component of motion that is substantially perpendicular to the inner surface runs. 23. Shaving method according to claim 15, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations produce tip accelerations on the order of at least 1,000 g in the cutting head. 309819/08 0 1 24. A method for shaving hair, characterized in that A) A protective limb is placed on the hair to be shaved is, which is able to vibrate in the ultrasonic range and which has a number of openings extending from an outer surface facing against the skin of the user is applied to an inner surface, B) a cutting head relative to the inner surface of the protective member is moved to cut off the hair that extends through these openings, C) at the same time in the cutting head vibrations in the ultrasonic range with a frequency of about 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz are generated to bring about peak accelerations in the cutting head the order of magnitude of at least 1 000 g to cause .um the Increase cutting performance of the cutting head and D) the cutting member is moved relative to the hair to shave off a larger curse. 25 · Shaving method according to claim 24, characterized in that the ultrasonic vibrations in the cutting head have a movement component which is essentially perpendicular to the inner one Surface runs. 26. Shaving method according to claim 24, characterized in that the Protective member is moved manually relative to the skin surface. 27. Shaving method according to claim 24, characterized in that the The vibration amplitude of the protective member is chosen to be sufficiently large in order to achieve a reduction in the friction in the relative movement between the protective member and the hair. 28. Shaving method according to claim 24, characterized in that the The vibration amplitude of the protective member is chosen to be sufficiently large to reduce the friction during the relative movement to achieve between the protective member and the cutting head. 309819/0801 29. Shaving method according to claim 2 ¹ I, characterized in that the cutting head has a number of knives, each of which vibrates at an ultrasonic frequency. 30. A method for shaving hair, characterized in that A) A protective limb is placed on the hair to be shaved which is able to absorb ultrasonic vibrations and which has a number of openings, which extends from an outer surface, which is applied against the skin of the user, to an inner surface extend, ■ B) Vibrations generated in the protective member at an ultrasonic frequency to increase the rate of hair absorption through these openings, C) a cutting head relative to the inner surface of the protective member is moved to the hair that passes through these openings extend through, cut off and D) simultaneous vibrations in the cutting head with ultrasonic frequency can be generated to improve the cutting performance of this cutting head. 31. Shaving method according to claim 30, characterized in that the Ultrasonically vibrated guard member is moved relative to the hair to shave a larger area. 32. Shaving method according to claim 30, characterized in that the Components are vibrated at a frequency between about 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz. 33. Shaving method according to claim 30, characterized in that the Components are vibrated at a frequency between about 15,000 Hz and 100,000 Hz. 3 ¹ I. Shaving method according to claim 30 _s, characterized _{9 in} that the protective member is moved manually relative to the skin surface. 30981 9/0801 35. method of shaving according to _f claim 30, characterized in that the amplitude of oscillation of the protective member is selected to be sufficiently large, in order to achieve a reduction in the friction in the relative movement between the protective member and the hair. 36. Shaving method according to claim 30, characterized in that the The vibration amplitude of the protective member is chosen to be sufficiently large to reduce the friction during the relative movement to achieve between the protective member and the cutting head. 37 · Shaving method according to claim 30, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations in the protective member are a component of movement which is substantially perpendicular to the outer surface. 38. Shaving method according to claim 30, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations produce peak accelerations on the order of at least 1,000 g in the protective member. 39 · Shaving method according to claim 30, characterized in that the Vibration frequency is changed in order to change the zones of movement along the protective member in order to continuously pass the hair through take the openings through. ^ 0. Electric shavers, characterized by A) a protective member which has a number of openings, that extend through this, B) a cutting head which is arranged on one side of the protective member essentially next to it, C) Devices with which the cutting head is moved in order to achieve a transverse movement over the openings and D) facilities to simultaneously operate the protective member with an ultrasonic frequency vibrate to increase the rate of hair absorption through the openings. 30981 9/0801 41. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the Protective member is vibrated at a frequency between approximately 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz. 42. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the Protective member is vibrated at a frequency between about 15,000 Hz and 1 million Hz. 43. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the Vibration amplitude of the protective member is sufficiently large to reduce the friction in the relative movement between to achieve the protective member and the hair. 44. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the Vibration amplitude of the protective member is sufficiently large to reduce the friction between the protective member and the To achieve cutting head with a relative movement between them. 45. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations in the protective member have a component of motion that is substantially perpendicular to the outer surface. 46. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations peak accelerations in the order of magnitude of at least 1,000 g in the protective member. 47. Electric shaver according to claim 40j, characterized in that the Devices for vibrating the protective member are designed so that the vibration frequency can be changed continuously, in order to change the position of the movement zones along the protective member in order to continuously pick up hair through the openings. 3098 19/080 1 48. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the Means for vibrating the protective member with ultrasonic vibrations comprise a transducer which is connected to the protective member is. 49 · Electric shaver according to Claim 48, characterized in that the Transducer has a piezoelectric element which is connected to the protective member in an energy-transmitting manner. 50. Electric shaver according to claim 48, characterized in that the Means for vibrating the protective member with ultrasonic vibrations have a converter to convert electrical current into to transform a current with ultrasonic frequency. 51. Electric shaver according to claim 50, characterized in that the Converter is arranged in a housing which can be plugged into an electrical socket. 52. Electric shaver according to claim 50, characterized in that the Converter is arranged in the housing for the electric shaver. 53. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the Protective member is vibrated with peak accelerations of the order of 1 000 g, with the frictional resistance for the movement between the protective member and the cutting head is significantly reduced, so that the force that is required to a relative To achieve movement between the protective member and the cutting head is relatively small. 54. Electric shaver according to claim 40, characterized in that the mechanical ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted to the cutting head in order to generate vibrations in this. 55 · Electric shaver according to Claim 40, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations in the protective member are a component of movement which is substantially parallel to the outer surface. 3098 1 9 / 08G1 56. Electric shaver ·, characterized by A) a razor case, B) a protective member which has an outer surface and an inner surface with a number of openings extend through this protective member and wherein this protective member is mounted in a substantially fixed position on the housing is, C) a cutting head which has cutting elements that are attached to the inner surface of the protective member are arranged within the housing, with the cutting elements against the ... Protective link in contact,. D) Means to move the cutting head, creating a Transverse movement across the openings is generated to hair cut off that extend through these openings and E) facilities to simultaneously operate the protective member with an ultrasonic frequency vibrate in the range between about 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz to peak accelerations of the order of magnitude of at least 1,000 g in the protective member, thereby increasing the rate of absorption of the hair through the openings , these devices having a transducer which is connected to the protective member in an energy-transmitting relationship is and wherein a converter is provided with which the converter is operated. < 57 · Electric shaver according to Claim 56, characterized in that the Converter is arranged in a housing, which is converted into an electrical Plug contact can be inserted. 58. Electric shaver according to claim 56 »characterized in that the Converter is arranged within the housing of the electric shaver. 59. Electric shaver according to claim 56, characterized in that the Cutting head has cutting elements which extend therefrom and which bear against the protective member and that the mechanical Transmit ultrasonic vibrations to the cutting elements 309819/0801 .be to quite considerably reduce the coefficient of friction between the protective member and the cutting head. 60. Electric shavers, characterized by A) a protective member which has a number of openings, that extend through this, B) a cutting head, which is arranged on one side of the protective member next to it, C) Means for moving the cutting head to make a transverse movement to generate across the openings and D) facilities to simultaneously vibrate the cutting head with an ultrasonic vibration to vibrate. 61. Electric shaver according to claim 60, characterized in that the Means for vibrating the cutting head with ultrasonic vibrations have a transducer connected to it is. 62. Electric shaver according to claim 61, characterized in that the Transducer has a piezoelectric element which is connected to the cutting head in an energy-transmitting relationship. 63. Electric shaver according to claim 60, characterized in that the Devices for vibrating the cutting head with ultrasonic vibrations have a transducer which has an electrical Current converted to a current with an ultrasonic frequency. 6 ⁴ I. Electric shaver according to claim 63 »characterized in that the ultrasonic vibrations have a frequency between approximately 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz. 65. Electric shaver according to claim 63, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations have a frequency between about 15,000 Hz and 100,000 Hz. 3098 19/080 1 66. Electric shaver according to claim 63, characterized in that the Converter is arranged in a housing which can be plugged into an electrical plug contact. 67. Electric shaver according to claim 63, characterized in that the Converter is arranged in the housing of the shaver. 68. Electric shaver according to claim 60, characterized in that the Cutting head has cutting elements which extend therefrom and which bear against the protective member that the mechanical Ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted to the cutting elements to quite significantly reduce the coefficient of friction between the Lower the protective member and the cutting head. 69. Electric shaver according to claim 60, characterized in that the Cutting head is vibrated with tip accelerations on the order of at least 1,000 g, whereby the frictional resistance is decreased in a movement between the protective member and the cutting head, so that the force that is required to a relative movement between the guard member and the cutting head is small in size. 70. Electric shaver according to claim 60, characterized in that the transmit mechanical ultrasonic vibrations to the protective member in order to generate vibrations in this in order to increase the rate of absorption of the hair through the openings. 71. Electric shavers, characterized by A) a razor with housing, B) a visor, which has an outer surface and an inner Having surface and which has a number of openings extending through the protective member therethrough Protective member is essentially firmly attached to the housing, 30981 9/0801 C) a cutting head, which has cutting elements, the next the inner surface of the protective member are arranged within the housing in such a way that the cutting elements against the protective member is in contact, D) Devices with which the cutting head is moved in order to make transverse movements across these openings to cut off the hair that extends through the openings extend and E) facilities to simultaneously control the cutting head with an ultrasonic vibration au vibrate at a frequency between about 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz to achieve peak accelerations on the order of at least 1,000 g in the cutting head, the oscillation amplitude of the cutting head the cutting performance is improved and the coefficient of friction between the protective member and the cutting head is substantial is reduced, these devices having transducers that transmit energy to the cutting head Relationship are connected and wherein a converter is provided through which the converter is fed. 72. Electric shaver according to claim 56, characterized in that the Converter is arranged in a housing which can be plugged into an electrical plug contact. 73. Electric shaver according to claim 56, characterized in that the Converter is provided in the shaver housing. 7 ¹ J. Electric shaver according to claim 56, characterized in that the cutting head has cutting elements which extend therefrom and bear against the protective member and in that the mechanical ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted to the individual cutting elements. 30981 9/0801 75 * Electric shaver according to claim 70, characterized in that the Transducer for vibrating the cutting head at ultrasonic speed comprises the following parts: a) A pair of sections, b) A transmission link, one end of which is connected to the cutting head and the other end to one of the sections, c) coupling devices to hold these sections in a relatively fixed position relative to one another, d) the transducer extending between these sections and mechanical high frequency vibrations in the transmission link . generated at a distance from the ends, the vibrations being transmitted and mechanical vibrations at the end are induced connected to the cutting head and e) the means for moving the cutting head for generating the transverse movement are connected to the transmission link. 76. Electric shaver according to claim 75, characterized in that the transducer consists of a piezoelectric material. . 77 · Electric shaver according to Claim 75, characterized in that the Converter has two piezoelectric switches, one electrode is arranged between these, .With one of the end members is in contact with the transmission part to mechanical To transmit vibrations. 78. Electric shaver according to claim 75, characterized in that the Transducer has a central bolt which serves to compress the transducer device between the end members. 79 · Electric shaver according to claim 75, characterized in that devices are provided to keep the ultrasonic motor inside of the housing. 3098 19/080 1 80. Electric shaver according to claim 78, characterized in that the mounting devices are elastic in order to allow transverse movement of the entire motor during the ultrasonic vibrations. 81. Electric shavers, characterized by A) a protective member having a number of openings extending therethrough, B) a cutting head located on one side of the protective member is essentially next to this, C) Means by which the cutting head is relative to the protective member is moved to create transverse movements across the openings, D) facilities to simultaneously the protective member with ultrasonic vibrations to vibrate to increase the entry of hair into the openings and E) facilities to simultaneously operate the cutting head with ultrasonic vibrations vibrate to improve the cutting performance of the cutting head. 82. Electric shaver according to claim 81, characterized in that the Devices for vibrating the cutting head with ultrasonic vibrations have a transducer connected to it is. 83 · Electric shaver according to Claim 82, characterized in that the Transducer comprises a piezoelectric element which is connected to the cutting head in an energy-transmitting relationship. 8Ί. Electric shaver according to Claim 81, characterized in that the Devices for vibrating the cutting head with ultrasonic vibrations have a converter which has an electrical Converts current into a current with an ultrasonic frequency. 309819/0801 85. Electric shaver according to claim 81, characterized in that the ultrasonic vibrations have a frequency between approximately 500 Hz and 1 million Hz. 86. Electric shaver according to claim 81, characterized in that the Ultrasonic vibrations have a frequency of about 5,000 Hz and 1 million Hz. 87. Electric shaver according to claim 81, characterized in that the Converter is arranged in a housing which can be plugged into a plug contact. 88. Electric shaver according to claim 81, characterized in that the Converter is arranged in the shaver housing. 89. Electric shaver according to claim 75 *, characterized in that the Cutting head has cutting elements extending therefrom and rest against the protective member and that the mechanical ultrasonic vibrations on the individual cutting elements be transmitted. 90. Electric shaver according to claim 8l, characterized in that the Cutting head with tip acceleration eji of the order of at least 1,000 g is vibrated, whereby the frictional resistance in movement between the protective member and the cutting head is substantially reduced, so that the force that is required to produce the relative movement between the protective member and the cutting head is relatively small. 91. Electric shaver according to claim 8l, characterized in that the mechanical ultrasonic vibrations of the cutting head are transmitted to the protective member in order to generate vibrations in this. 309 819/0801