DE2240411A1 - NUMERICAL CONTROL OF MACHINE TOOLS WITH COMPENSATION OF TOOL WEAR - Google Patents

Description

Numerical control of machine tools with compensation for tool wear The invention relates to the numerical control of machine tools and in particular a numerical control method and device for groups of tool sizes programmed.

In recent years, the numerical control methods have been special has become valuable for machining complex workpieces. Before the invention It was common practice to use numerically controlled machine tools to change the dimensional To transmit instructions in the form of a complete set of instructions, referred to as the "Program." The program has been divided into instructional sections subdivided that required the same set-up of the machine, e.g. type of tool, Spindle speed, part alignment, etc.

Each program section was designated as an "Operation" and with provided with an operation number. The machine tool operator became hand over a booklet containing these set-up instructions for each Program included. The set-up work required for each operation was generally listed on a single page of this instructional leaflet.

All the operations required to produce a given part were recorded on a single recording tape in the order in which they were performed recorded, generally five or more such operations.

In a typical milling operation, the milling tool would give the instruction obtained a certain number of revolutions as well as straight-line horizontal and perform vertical movements, and for the sake of simplicity, the movement of the tool is programmed as a movement of its center line in relation to the workpiece. The dimensional instructions for each operation were therefore based on tracking a desired path of movement of the cutting tool, that of its center line was determined, the diameter of the cutting tool in the calculation of the Dimensions became a constant.

All of these programs were initially put together on the assumption that that a new and unused cutting unit is being used.

If a cutting tool is reground after use, it will whose diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter that is used as a constant at the original program calculations were used, so a new program with modified dimensional data taking into account the change in the constants must be set up to meet the required tolerances for the product to be produced Maintain part.

during the milling operation mentioned above, all records for the use of a cutting tool worthless every time a new one is sharpened Cutting tool is used, and every new operation had to have every available one newly sharpened cutting tool to the proper ones recorded on the tape Dimensions can be adjusted so that it can be used together with the recording tape could be. Since each new operation generally requires a tool change, this makes the replacement of the recording tapes a time-consuming process the risk of mismatch and generation consists of committee. The main difficulty with the methods used so far is in their use many tools and a correspondingly large number of programmed recording tapes in the fact that human error leads to a blow to a chosen program can be done to the selected cutting tool. After performing a number of machining a workpiece, its commercial value could be quite high while with the wrong tool caliber in a single subsequent operation this workpiece could become completely worthless.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a numerical method to control machining operations and to create a facility with which workpiece parts can be manufactured with resharpened tools, i.e. at low costs, errors are largely eliminated and processing time is reduced will.

In practicing the invention, the caliber of the tools reduced by a specific value each time during regrinding the first regrinding by 0.25 mm, the second material grinding by 0.5 mm third Regrinding by 0.75 mm fourth Ixtach grinding by 1.0 mm etc. When putting together of the program, the instructions relating to the dimensions are calculated for the use of new and reground tools. Each reground Tools are labeled with an approved code, namely with the Letter "2" denotes so that according to the guidelines of Electronics Industries Association (EIA) the following designations apply: T-01 full caliber T-02 " minus 0.25 mm T-03 1 'minus 0.5 mm T-05 "minus 1.0 mm etc.

All changes in the caliber of the cutting tools and their coding for each operation, i.e., the programs for new unreground tools in turn on one single recording tape together with other programs recorded for the other operations, the programs for the operations in question on the tape in the order in which they were performed recorded in accordance with the order of processing of a work piece will. The racing signs of each cutting tool after the T'1 code are shown in the setup instructions included those of the machine tool operator that is passed when setting up the machine for a given operation determines which specified cutting tool is available, its caliber corresponds to a "T" designation listed on one page of the equipment booklet that concerns this operation. The operator then operates a switch on a control panel of the machine, its "T" designation that of the selected cutting tool is equivalent to. Pür each full. and diminished caliber of the cutting tools is natural a switch provided.

The switches on the control panel are part of the program selection control device, which causes the recording tape to be scanned to be the same. Program, which corresponds to the chosen son's oath tool for the specified operation. In the Pressing one of the code switches, a control memory is switched on, which the Allow on-demand scanning to begin.

Unless a code switch has been operated, i.e. none has been activated If a choice is made, the voter control will not be allowed to work independently due to the actuation of a lock. However, there is an ON-OFF switch on the control panel provided, with which this lock can be bypassed, so that recording tapes can be used which have not been coded for operations according to the invention are.

The tape reader is activated when the 8Scan switch is actuated set. The identification codes of each operation recorded on the tape are determined, decoded and stored in storage units. With every input With a new identification, the previous, earlier recording is deleted, only one storage unit is active at a time. The storage unit put into operation indicates which op code is currently walking past the reading head.

At the beginning of the scan, all codes are read and briefly stored, but otherwise disregarded.

-If a T-01 code is found, the voter control device becomes noted that a new group of programs for tool calibers for a new, i.e. subsequent, operation is available for scanning. This location of the The tape on the reader corresponds to turning the page of the machine instruction booklet meaning that a new machining operation is to be carried out on the workpiece.

When the T-01 code appears for the new operation, it becomes a logical Comparison circuit of the voter control system put into operation, so. that each identification code is compared during the reading with the content of the control memory, the content of which was entered for the selected tool by pressing the code switch. Will If the match is determined, the reader is paused at the dimension instructions of the program for the selected tool, and it. becomes a signal of the numeric Main control device is supplied, which gives consent to initiate the machining operations gives. At the end of this machining period, the memory for the selected tool will be used deleted, and the following processing period can only be initiated when a code for a new tool has been selected.

The invention will now be described in detail. In the enclosed In the drawings, FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a milling machine which is equipped with the tool code selector control device according to the invention, Sig ¢ 2a a schematic representation of the relationship. Tool / workpiece in relation on the center line of the tool, Fig. 2b shows a side view of the arrangement according to 2a and 3 show the control panel with the tool code selectors, 4 is a schematic representation of the programmed data used for the invention Recording tape, Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the voter control device, 6a, b show a circuit diagram for the control device according to the invention.

1 shows a numerically controlled milling machine 10 in which a milling cutter 11 is set in rotation and attached to a workpiece w that is on Machine table is held by a jig 13, which is with several Clamping jaws 14 is provided.

Figures 2a a and 2b show the clamping device as it is shown on the sheet of the instruction booklet for the operator of the machine is, from which the operator takes the instructions necessary for the implementation a special processing of the workpiece W with the machine tool is required are. These sheets with similar instructions are given to the operator in the form of a broad pass that all information for the implementation of all Processing of a work piece W contains. Turns after completing an operation the operator turns the page, with the next page following the instructions for the next operation to be performed.

In addition to the instructions according to FIGS. 2a aFd 2b, the sheet contains information about the size of the tool, its diameter, length and tolerance as well as information about the tool calibers that can be used for the operation, such as -O1, T-01 .... T-05 etc. The operator determines which tool caliber is available, and then places this available tool on the machine spindle on, as shown in Figures 1 and 2b at 11.

The clamping device is stored on the machine table in such a way that that the center line of the tool runs through the alignment point 15 (Fig. 2a and 2b), which run in a perpendicular to the center line of the tool Level 16 (Fig. 2b) is located. For this purpose, the machine head is moved in such a way that that the tool 11 into the reference hole 17 provided on the clamping device (Fig. 2b) is introduced so that the lower end face 19 of the tool (Fig. 2b) is located on level 16. According to the information in the instructions, the Operator that Tool by inserting a 0.500 Bühler gauge between the surfaces 18 of the clamping device and the end face 19 of the tool aus0 The P-lines tSig.2a) assigned to the X- and Y-coordinates on the instruction sheet inform the operator that the machine is making "table" and "saddle" movements take place in these directions with respect to the center line of the cutting tool 11, and that the movements of the "machine head" along the center line) fig.2b) des Milling cutter. The instruction sheet also informs the operator about the type of machining (rough, smooth, etc.), and that the machining is longitudinal the arrows 20 takes place, the milling cutter 11 is rotated and with respect to the workpiece aligned by the machine control, which is designated by 21 and 22 in the Bigol with the milling cutter in relation to the workpiece according to the dimensional instructions recorded on a suitable recording medium, e.g. on a magnetic tape (not shown) in a cassette, which is on a cassette deck 23 rests, the tape being guided past the reading head 24. The moment employment of the tool in relation to the workpiece is visible from the instruments 5, 26, 27 displayed, which refer to the "table", "saddle" and tlEopftf positions of the machine on the center line of the tool, as already explained. Show this Instruments show the value zero, the tool is at the starting point 15 (Fig.2a and 2b). At the beginning of a new operation on the workpiece, the the instructions contained in the tape that first the tool from this reference position is moved out into engagement with the workpiece. Fig.1 shows the tool separated from the workpiece.

In addition to the means already mentioned for numerical control of the milling machine 10 a number of switches are provided for the purposes of the invention, which are attached to the control panel 28, as shown in Figure 3.

The tool code selection board 28 shown in Fig. 3 carries a Number of indicator lamps 29s and 29p, of which two lamps (s and p) for each Tool code designation T-01 to T-05 are provided. The lamps 29b in the top row show the position of the drawing tape in relation to FIG the reader 24 (Fig, 1) and light up individually when the recorded on the tape corresponding code identification can be read by the reader. The lamps 29s in the lower row are assigned to the code selection switches 30, with for each switch a lamp is provided. The switches 30 consist of button buttons, the one Close the circuit only as long as they are actuated. Will be a special one If the switch is pressed briefly, the associated lamp lights up. The operator would have For example, if a cutter 11 with the designation T-02 was chosen, the would be Press button switch T-02 on control panel 28, with lower T-02 lamp 29. Would light up. Until the program for the selected tool T-02 on the tape has reached reader 24 and processing has ended after this program the indicator lamp 29s assigned to the switch T-02 is closed via a still descriptive data storage stream. After completing the operation, it would be on Reader 24 has the T-03 program for this operation and the corresponding Lamp 29p would receive power until a new switch was pressed and the tape advances as will be described later.

The ON-OFF switch 31 consists of a single-pole one-way switch, which is used to bypass the selector switch, so that an uncoded recording tape Can be scanned even if a choice is made by operating one of the switches 30 has not been hit. The scanning is initiated by pressing the normally open momentary contact switch 32, which remains closed only as long as how the switch is operated.

Upon actuation of one of the selector switches 30, after which the sampling switch 32 is actuated briefly, the tape reader 24 is put into operation and scans the recording tape, and if the tape section containing the selected code is read by the reader, both receive the assumed selected code T-02 associated lamps 29s and 29p current, with the reader switched off and the automatic numerical control is initiated, as will be described later.

The programmed hat drawing tape for the numerical control the machine tool is shown schematically in FIG. 4 and as a whole 33 designated. As already stated, the instructions relate to one Sheet of the instruction booklet for the operator on five caliber brazers, and for these five calibres there are five code selector switches on the control panel. There, as already described, the instruction booklet for machining a workpiece W as many side parts as there are operations to be carried out on the workpiece W, and if it is assumed that the side belonging to FIGS. 2a and 2b is on refers to the first operation to be performed on workpiece W, with a total of five such operations were to be performed, the recording tape 33 would be the various Programs for the five operations included as shown in Fig.4. Of the Arrow 94 indicates that the program according to the 2-02 code has been selected for operation 1 became.

For each of the five operations and for each of the five tool sizes, that can possibly be used, a program is recorded on the tape. For the first operation, five programs T-01 to T-05 are recorded on tape 35, the instructions for machining a workpiece W with one of the milling cutters with the designation T-07 to T-05, with all milling cutters having the same nominal diameter of which one of the milling cutters used in the corresponding program is suitable is responsible for performing the first operation on the workpiece W.

The recording tape 33 is programmed for in the same way all other four operations to be performed on workpiece W, and a group of programs T-O1 - T-05 is recorded for each of these operations, which correspond to the prisms T-'O1 to T-05, which cutters have the same nominal diameter overall have, and one of which is selected to perform the operation can be. All programs in an instruction booklet for working on a Workpiece W are included, and the choice of one of five brass calibers for permit any operation are recorded on a single recording tape 33.

To simplify the logic circuits and the switching means for the operator will have the same tool codes for each operation used. For example, a tool with the same designation T-03 can have a specific caliber and the appropriate program to carry out the first Operation on a workpiece W as well as another tool and the corresponding program for performing the second operation on the workpiece W. Suppose the first operation was with a tool labeled T-02 and executed the corresponding program, as shown in FIG and continue to assume the second operation is to be performed with a tool marked with T-03 according to the program in question, then according to Completion of the first operation with tool T-02 on the reader, the T-03 program but that is part of the first operation, while the T-03 program for the second operation is the required program. They are therefore in the logical Circuit means are provided, as will be described later, which cover the tape Carry out the recording of the first program up to the T-03 program for the second operation.

The tool codes are on the recording tape at the beginning of each program recorded in such a way that they can be identified. if the tape reader 24 (Fig.l and 5) reads the tape 23 contained in the cassette (Pig, l), the tool codes are scanned, with line 99 (Fig. 5) the numerical machine tool control 21 signals are fed, which signals are decrypted and corresponding via line 108 as inputs Storage registers of a register bank 85 are supplied, which will be described later will. The tool code of the first program in a group of programs is used for Identify the beginning of a new group of programs on the reader, as well will be described later.

The numerically controlled pre-machine shown in FIG operated by control signals from the numerical control (21) (Fig.1 and 5) generated in response to signals transmitted over line 99 from the tape reader 24 scanning the tape and the binary dimension instructions determined those on the belt for controlling the machine recorded are, as is generally the case. This operation can only be done by the operator then be initiated when the voter control device to be described the automatic numerical control has initiated How, from Figures 5, 6a and 6b, voltages are used to operate the code selection controller + V and - -V of the selector switch bank 35 supplied from those already described Code selector switches 30 consists. The voltages + V and -V are of course Lower and Upper Voltage Levels and are only to aid tracking of the current flow in the logic circuit (Fig. 6a and 6b). aside from that the expression + V should be the logical state 0 and the expression -V the logical state 1 represent.

If a tool code selection switch 30 of the switch bank 35 is actuated (Sig.5 5 and 6a), then 100 inputs to the dialing data memory bank become via the conductor and to indicator lamp block 45 and via conductor 101 to register block 55 directed. The input on conductor 100 offsets the relevant flip-flop Bank of blip-flops 46 - 50 in the state "1" (FIG. 6a), which flip-flop in turn causes the relevant indicator lamp 29s to receive power, with a first input through conductor 102 to a corresponding AND gate of a bank of AND gates 66-70 is supplied in the comparator 65.

As can best be seen from Figure 6a, the selector switches are -30 for the tool codes T-91 - T-05 of the selector switch bank 35 are the same, each switch 90 is a two pole push button switch. Is the switch not actuated, the mechanically interconnected contact elements are located 37 and 38 of all switches on the rear contacts 39 and 40, while at Actuation of the switch the contact members are attached to the front contacts 41 and 42 create.

Of course, only one of the switches 30 is operated at a time, so that said conductor 100 (Fig.5) actually has a number of conductors 100a - 100e (Fig.6a) forms, from the contact members 37 of the switches 30a-e to the relevant flipflops 46 - 50 lead. When the switch 30a-e is operated the voltage -V applied to each contact 41 corresponds to the corresponding one Contact member 37 fed to the relevant flip-flop 46-50 with the result that the relevant Indicator light 29s receives power and shows which code has been selected.

The mentioned, leading from the selector switch bank 35 to the register 55 Input conductor 101 is connected to all contact members 38 of switches 30a-e, and when each of these switches is closed, the conductor 101 is informed via the Contact member 38 is supplied with a voltage -V, which contact member 98 with the contact 42 is in contact, with all contacts 42 connected to the -V voltage source are, as shown in Figure 6a.

The voltage -V applied to the conductor 101 offsets the flip-flop 56 of the Register 55 in the state "1" with the result that via the connected OR gate 57 and the conductor 103 (Fig.6a and 6b) an asynchronous blocking input "O" for the first and second synchronous shift registers 76 and 77 of tape reader controller 75 removed becomes (Fig.6b).

The synchronous shift registers 76 and 77 consist of the commercially available available version, which of the AND gates 78 and 79 in the state "1" and are set to the "G" state by the AND gates 80 and 81. The feed these inputs to registers 76 and 77 are determined by clock pulses sent over a conductor 104 are fed from a clock 95 (FIG. 5, which consists of a suitable oscillator can exist. By using clock pulses, reduces the risk that the register of interference voltages inadvertently be operated.

A "1" is entered into register 76 when the sampling switch 32 (Fig.3, 5 and 6a) is actuated at a time when the asynchronous lock input is removed on the conductor 103, as already stated. By a clock pulse on conductor 104 is the AND gate 78 an input from switch 32a via the Conductor 105 is supplied (FIGS. 5, 6a and 6b) with the result that a "1" is entered, which has a logic output "O" from the F terminal generated by conductor 106 which is input to tape reader 24 and the The tape reader starts operating to read the recording tape. Will be in the register 77 an 11111 is entered, this is how it is generated this one signal on that Output conductor 112 which stops the tape.

The role of flip-flop 56 and OR gate 57 of the register 55 consists of course in generating a logical input "O" on conductor 103, which clips the shift register 76 of the tape reader controller 75 to the OFF state and prevents the tape reader 24 from operating until a tool code has been selected is by operating one of the selector switches 30a-e of the selector switch bank 35. How already mentioned, an uncoded recording tape can also be used. In this case, by pressing the bypass switch 31 (Fig. 3, 5 and 6a) An input is fed to the OR gate 57 of the register 55 via the conductor 107, wherein the flip-flop 56 is bypassed and the blocking input from the conductor 103 is removed.

When reading the recording tape by the reader 24 the signals recorded on the tape that detected and decrypted the Tool codes correspond, via the conductor 108 to the position memory bank and routed to the indicator lamp block. These signals are of course received in sequence, and via the conductor 108 only one such signal is passed on at a time that corresponds to one of the tool codes T-01 - 2-05. As best from Fig.6b As can be seen, conductor 108 actually represents seven conductors 108a-g that of the five conductors 108a-e to the AND gates 91 of the conventional synchronous shift register 86 - 90 feed inputs, which registers from individual AND gates 91 or 92 for the inputs "1" reference, two are operated. Sin inverter 93 connects each AND gate 92 for the "0" state with the corresponding input conductors 108a - e of the shift registers 86-90. Since only one of the conductors 108a-e is an input signal receives, in each case a logical "1", the other conductors show the state a logical "0", and their respective interferers 93 therefore have a logical "1" inputs corresponding to the relevant AND gates 92 for the "O" state to, so that the relevant shift registers are set to the "0" state, if they have previously been placed in the "11" state.

When the shift registers 86-90 have coding inputs to the relevant uBD gates 91 via the relevant conductors 108a - e received, these inputs are forwarded by a signal that is transmitted via said conductor 108f is fed while from tape reader 24 the input code signals be transferred, with a "1" being entered in the register, which is a Receives input signal. In this case, registers 86-90 produce an output signal with the result that the relevant indicator lamp 29p receives current, which indicates becomes that there is a special tool code program on the tape reader.

The output signals of the registers 86 set to the state aln - 90 are fed to the comparator 65 as inputs via the conductor 110 (Fig. 5), which supplies a second input to said AND gates 66 - 70.

The input conductors 102 and 110 shown in FIG Comparator 65 lead actually consist of conductors 102a-e (Fig. 6a), while the conductors 110 consist of the conductors 110a-e (Figure 6a, b). Be about this Conductor fed to one of AND gates 66 - 70 both first and second inputs, so the comparator 65 performs a comparison, i.e., a program corresponding to the actuated Selector switch is present on the tape reader 24 so that both indicator lights 29s and 29p current received. In this case, one of AND gates 66-70 conducts a signal through OR gate 71 or 72 and through OR gate 73 and over the conductor 111 (Fig.5, 6a, b) to the AND gate 79 of the shift register 77 of the tape reader control 75 further.

As can be seen from the illustration, the OR gate 71 has three Inputs coming from USD gates 66 - 68, while the OR gate has two Has inputs that come from the AND gates 69 and 70 of the comparator 65. The outputs from the OR gates 71 and 72 are supplied to the OR gate 73.

OR gates 71-73 could be through a five input ODR gate be replaced.

The output from the comparator passed on via conductor 111 65 does not only put the shift register 77 into the state liln, since it does so Purpose of the associated AND gate 79 two inputs corresponding to a logic "1" must be supplied. The AND ~ gods receive the other input via the ladder 106, where if the register 76 is in the state "1" been transferred is, the tape reader 24 at an input corresponding to a 'logic "0" in Operation is set. In this way it is ensured that the register 77 is only is then set to the state "1" and the tape transport is terminated, if the tape reader 24 there is a new group of tool codes. For example, suppose that the first operation using a T-02 tool and the appropriate T-02 program had ended (Fig. 4). It is also assumed that the next (Second) operation (Fig. 4) can be performed using a T-03 tool and the corresponding T-03 program. The next program for the first operation, namely the T-03 program, but is available on the tape reader 24 so that the T-03 position lamp 29p of electricity received. If the TO3 program for the Operation 2 is selected, the TO3 lamp 29s receives power and the AND gate 68 is the second input is supplied via conductor 102c. A comparison is made and the AND gate 79 of the register 77 becomes a logic via the conductor 111 "1" representing second input supplied to which a first logical input 1 " was fed via the conductor 106, since the register 76 is switched off and the tape transport has been stopped and the "scanning" switch has not yet been operated is. Although there is now a STOP signal on conductor 112, this is meaningless, because the tape transport is already out of order.

Is one of the various hand-operated switches, for example the "scanning" switch 32 is actuated, so the tape is from the assumed stop position transported out with the program T-O3 for operation 1 on the tape reader 24 is present.

If the switch 32 (scanning) is operated briefly after the T-03 program has been selected for operation 2, the scan of the tape begins in the described manner, and the AND gate 79 via the conductor 106 is an input "fed on.

During the initial movement of the belt, the conductor 108g (Fig. 5 and 6b) a pulse signal to the synchronous shift registers 86-90 of the position memory bank 85, with those registers being disabled that are in the "ON" state are located.

In the assumed example, the T-03 register 88 is in State EI1 "at the beginning of the belt movement and is therefore switched off as well as the associated Lamp 29p. The signal on conductor 108g is also sent to tape reader controller 75 and serves as one of the two inputs to the OR gate 84. The output of OR gate 82 serves as an input for AND gate 81, the synchronous register 77 is placed in the state tt0 "during the initial movement of the tape. Regardless the fact that at the time of choosing a T-03 tool for operation 2 the T-03 program for operation 1 is available on the tape reader, and despite the fact that a comparison was made when registering this election, that will Register 77 is put out of order, and the transport of the tape is stopped after the start no longer interrupted. The tape transport is only ended again when a further T-03 comparison is performed when the T-03 program occurs for Operation 2 on the tape reader, as will be described in detail later.

Assume now that for Operation 2 instead of a T-03 tool a T-04 tool had been chosen. As with the adopted T-03 election, the initial scanning of the tape after actuation of the T-04 switch 3Od the T-03 lamp would be erased, and if the signal pulse occurred on conductor 108g the tape stop register 77 can be set to the "O" state. During the further transport of the tape, the T-04 program for operation 1 would appear on the tape reader, the T-04 register 89 would be set to the "1" state, and the associated Lamp 29p would receive power and a comparison would also be made on comparator 65 and on conductor 111 at AND gate 79 for STOP register 77 would be an input representing a logical 1 occur. However, the AND gate 79 A signal representing a logic "O" is supplied via conductor 106. The registry 77 would therefore not be set to state 1 "and the tape transport would are not interrupted, although a T-04 program and a tape position comparison have been selected was carried out.

assuming the number of T-03 for operation 2, there would be no Comparison must be carried out, since the programs T-04 and T-05 are available on the tape reader. Likewise, no comparison would be made since the two programs T-Ol and T-02 would be available for operation 2 on the tape reader at the beginning of these programs, so that the tape would continue its run until a comparison is made, when a T-O3 program for operation 2 appears on the tape reader.

Although no comparison was made when the T-01 program for operation 2 appeared as a T-03 tool and not a T-01 tool was selected, however, an important one takes place Operation takes place while the T-01 position lamp 29p is receiving power. When this happened the one logical 1 significant signal on the terminal 110a (Fig. 5 and 6b) fed to AND gate 30 of register 76, register 76 of the tape reader control 75 has been set to the "0" state. Here the exit was on the ladder 106 returned to the state of a logical 1, the AND gate 79 being a first a logical t significant input was supplied, so that afterwards at the D-03 comparison for operation 2 the occurrence of the second, meaning a logical 1 Input on conductor 111 would cause register 77 iii to state 1 is moved, whereby the tape transport would be interrupted interrupted at the point that contains the T-O3 program for operation 2, so the tool code selection would be carried out in full for the assumed T-O3 example, i.e., the assumed T-O3 program would be provided to the tape reader attached to the corresponds to the preser T-03 chosen to perform the second operation. That The signal on conductor 112 that interrupts the tape transport is also the numerical one Machine control device 21 supplied (Fig. 1 and 5) to the automatic numerical Prepare the control so that it can be activated by the operator a push-button switch, not shown, START can be initiated, the forms part of the control device. Am an impulse generated during this process is called via conductor 113A of tape reader controller 75 as an entrance supplied (Fig. 5, 6a and 6b).

How to; can best be seen from Fig.6b, the input is on the conductor 113a to the OR gate 82 and thus the UliD gate 81 of the register 77 is supplied with a signal, the register being set to the "O" state if the input is passed on by a clock pulse on conductor 104, as before described. After it has been set to the "0" state, it becomes a logical "1" Signal removed on output conductor 112 of register 77, as discussed earlier with the input via conductor 108g to OR gate 82.

The T-03 position lights 29s and 29p continue to receive power during the implementation of the accepted operation 2.

At the end of this and every operation, the tape laser reads an erasure memory code which is decrypted, the machine control device 21 emitting a signal generated via the conductor 113 of a dial memory bank 45 and the preparation register 55 is supplied (Fig.5 and 6a). As can best be seen from the pizza, will the signal on conductor 113 is routed to flip-flops 46 - 50 of selector bank 45, this being set to the "0" state while the relevant lamps 29s cleared and the inputs for the corresponding AND gates 66 - 70 of the comparator 65 can be removed. The signal on conductor 113 also goes to flip-flop 56 of the Preparation register 55 passed and puts this in the state "0", wherein registers 76 and 77 are clipped to the on or off state, as before described.

When the T-03 program ends for Operation 2, the tape reader is on 24 proposes the T-04 program for operation 2.

In this case, it causes a signal representing a logic "1" at the output of the inverter 93 and at the input of the AND gate 92 for the T-03 register 88 that the register is set to the "0" state, with the corresponding Lamp 29p is extinguished.

However, the T-04 register 89 is set to the state "1" 1 " and the associated lamp 29p receives power. The code selection device is then prepared and adapts the Operation 3 program to the selected milling cutter T-O1 to T-05, depending according to the choice made.

The example previously described and relating to Operation 2, T-03 is now dealt with collectively with reference to the following summary, in which the successive steps A - K the logical states of certain Head in the logic diagram (Fig. 5, 6a and 6b) at different times before and after momentarily pressing the adopted T-03 switch 30c for the operation 2 and after the assumed use of a T-02 tool for operation 1 are.

Compilation, Logical overview steps ladder A B C D E F G H I J K A a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 b 000000000000 100 c 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d 000000000000 e 000000000000 101 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 c 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 d 000000000000 e 000000000000 103 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 105 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 000000100000 b 000000010000 108 c 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 d 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 e 000001000000 f 111011111111 g 000100000000 a 000000100000 b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 110 c 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 d 000010000001 e 000001000000 111 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 112 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 113a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 113 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Step A All the ladder are in place is in the logic state "0" or OFF with the exception of the conductors 106> 108c, 108f -and bloc. It is again pointed out that the conductor 106 with the contact F of the synchronous shift register 76 is connected, which is in the state "0" or AUD one generates a logical 1 significant output, and in the ON state a logical one "O" significant output for tape reader 24 operation is generated. The operation 1 D-03 containing the portion of the tape is at the reader 24, which the conductors 108c, 108f and 110c a logical "1" supplies significant inputs, the lamp 29p receives power for the T-03 position.

Step B After selecting the T-03 tool, switch 30c (Fig.6a) actuated, the conductors 100c and 101 briefly in the state "1" and the conductors 102c and 103 are put in the "1" state by the respective ones Flip-flops 48 and 56 (Figure 6a).

The conductors 106, 108c, 108f and 110c remain in the state i? 1ll while all other conductors remain in the "0" state. The lamp indicating the T-03 option 29s on the control panel 28 now receives power (FIG. 3). At T-03 AND gate 68 becomes a comparison is carried out, after which a logical "1" is more significant on the conductor 11 Output appears, which is fed to the input to the AND gate 79 of the register 77 will. The register is set to the "1" state and both inputs 106 and 111 to AND gate 77 mean a logic "1". There is a step on the ladder 112 logical 11111 significant STOP signal. However, the recording tape is already has been decommissioned.

Step C In step B, conductor 103 was in the logic state "1" is offset and the shift register 76 of the tape reader control 75 is unclamped, so that upon receipt of a clock pulse on conductor 104 after the switch 32 (scanning) has been actuated briefly, the register 76 is in the ON state is switched, whereupon the conductor 106 has a logical "0" significant input occurs for the operation of the tape reader 24. At the start the tape reading the conductors 102c, 103, 108c, 108f, 110c, 111 and 112 remain in the "1" state, the Conductor 105 is briefly put into state "1", while all other conductors are in the "O" state.

Step D is located at the beginning of the movement of the recording tape the conductor 108g is briefly in the state nl, being placed in the state "0" becomes the tape STOP control register 77, the conductor 112 and the T-03 position register, after which the power supply to the T-03 position lamp 29p is cut off while the associated conductors 110c and 111 are put into the "O" state.

Step D leaves conductors 102c and 103 in state A1 ", the conductor 108g is briefly in the "1" state, while all other conductors are in the "O" state. Reading of the recording tape continues.

Step E The tape reader 24 now reads a T-04 program code identification and leads to the synchronous shift register 89 via the conductor 108d a logical one "1" becomes a significant input and also becomes a pilot signal over conductor 108f "t" is supplied to route the input on conductor 108d, register 89 is switched to the ON state, after which the T-04 position lamp 29p receives power and a logic "1" significant input occurs on conductor 110d. Of the Input conductor 102d, however, is in the "0" state and at comparator 65 is no comparison made. Step E therefore leaves conductors 102c and 102c 103 in the "1" state, the conductors 108d and 108f are briefly in the state "1" is the same as conductor 110d, while all other conductors are in the "0" state are located.

Step F The reading of the recording tape is continued. The T-05 code identification now appears on the tape reader 24, which is above the conductor 108e gives the synchronous shift register 90 a logical "1" significant input supplies, while via the conductor 108f a signal input "1" for routing the input on conductor 108e to switch register 90 in to put the L7ustsnd OFF with the T-05 position lamp 29p on the control panel 28 receives current (FIG. 3) and a logical "1" is more significant on conductor 110e Input appears. However, the input conductor 102e is in the "0" state, so that no comparison is carried out at the comparator 65. The step F leaves behind hence conductors 102c and 103 in the "1" state; conductors 108e and 108f become current shifted to the "1" state, likewise conductor 110e, while all other conductors are in the "O" state.

Step G The reading of the end of the recording continues.

The tape reader 24 is now reading a T-O1 program code identification for operation 2 off, with an input "1" on conductor 108a from an input "1" is fed into the synchronous shift register 86 on conductor 108f. Here when register 86 is set to ON, lamp 29p for the T-O1 code receives power and the comparator 65 is a logic "1" via the conductor 110a significant input supplied.

No comparison is made as the conductor 102a is in the state "0" is located. A logical "1" significant input on the conductor liOa (Fig.5 and 6b) also becomes AND gate 80 of register 76 of the tape reader controller 75 headed. Here, the register 76 is set to the "O" state when it is off the clock 95 an input pulse is received on the conductor 104, so that a a logical "1" significant input on conductor 106 is directed to AND gate 79 will. Step G therefore leaves conductors 102c and 103 in the "1" and status likewise register line 106; conductors 108a and 108f became momentary set to the "1" state, so does register ladder 110a, while all others Conductors are in the "O" state 0 Step H The reading of the recording tape to be continued. The register 76 remains in the “O” state, so that on the conductor 106 a logical "1" significant input is located. The reader 24 now reads the Code identification for the T-02 program of Operation 2. After that becomes a logical "1 t significant input on conductor 108b via an input "1" passed on the conductor 108f into the synchronous shift register 87, which in this case is set to the state "1", whereby the lamp 29p receives power for the T-02 code and the comparator 65 via the conductor 11Ob an input significant for a logical flfl is fed. However, no comparison is made as the conductor 102b is is in the "O" state. Step H therefore leaves conductors 102c and 103 and register conductor 106 in the "1" state, while conductors 108b and 108f and the conductor 110b are briefly put into the "1" state. All other leaders are in the "O" state.

Step I The scanning of the recording tape is continued. The tape reader 24 now reads the code identification for the T-03 program, that for machining the workpiece W in the second operation with the selected one T-03 cutter is desired.

An input "1" 'on conductor 108c is now converted to an input "1" on conductor 108f into synchronous shift register 88 of the position memory bank 85 routed, which register 88 is placed in the ON state and the T-03 lamp 29p receives power because a logic "1" is significant on conductor 110c Input appears. The one to AND gate 68 of comparator 65 via conductor 110c The routed input is now connected to the input "1" 1 "(via the conductor 102c), the AND gate 68 becomes conductive, so that an input "1" also appears on input conductor 111 which goes to AND gate 79 of register 77 the tape reader control 75 is directed.

There is already an input at the other input 106 of AND gate 79 Irln before, so that the register 77 upon receipt of a clock pulse over the conductor 104 is set to the ON state and a logical one via the conductor 112 fllfl emits a significant input with the consequence that the further scanning of the Tape is terminated by the tape reader 24. This input "1" is also via the conductor 112 is fed to the numerical control device 21 of the machine tool, so that the automatic control can be initiated. The step I leaves behind therefore conductors 102c and 110c in the "1" state, with both T-03 indicator lamps 29s and 29p on the control panel 28 (Fig. 3) still receive power and indicate that the automatic program selection operation has ended. Ladders 109 and 106 remain in the "1" state. The conductors 108c and 108f are in the "1" state and likewise conductors 111 and 112. All other conductors remain in the state "O". The tape transport is interrupted and the numerical control device for the machine tool is prepared for the automatic machining of a workpiece W after the program T-03 in the second operation under a T-03 milling cutter.

Step J sets the machine tool operator to automatic Control in operation, a logical "1" is shown in Figures 5, -6a and 6b significant input on conductor 113a from OR gate 82 and AND gate 81 to register 77, the tape STOP conductor 112 being reset to the 0 state will. The conductors 102c, 103, 103c, 108f, 106, 110c and 111 remain in the state "1", while all other conductors are in state 0 ".

Step K After completing operation 2 according to the program T-03 becomes a logical "1" meaning on liter 113 (Fig. 5, 6a and 6b) Signal generated which is fed to the flip-flop 48 of the selection memory bank 45 and the Register 48 is set to the "0" state, after which the T-03 indicator lamp 29s is extinguished when the conductor 102c is returned to the sheet state.

A "1" input on conductor 113 offsets flip-flop 56 of the register 55 to the state "O", after which the conductor 103 is reset to the state "0" Step K leaves conductors 108c and 108f as well as 110c in the "1" state, where the T-03 indicator light 29p continues to receive power, indicating that the tape reader is on 24 the T-03 program for the operation is available. The register 76 of the tape reader control 75 is in the OFF state while the conductor 106 remains in the "1" state. The conductor 113, to which the cancel signal is briefly supplied, is located at the step K after the compilation in the state 't1 ", while Everyone other conductors are in the "O" state.

Step A After completing the T-03 program for surgery 2, the T-04 program is present on the tape reader 24, which is indicated to the operator becomes that the operation 2 using the T-03 program is finished. the Conductors 106, 108d, 108f and 110d are in the "1" state. The fact that The T-04 program is now available on the tape reader, and the T-04 lamp is now on 29p displayed. There are four main parts to the compensation program of the invention assigned to the control device, namely (i) tool selection memory and display means, (2) Determination of the program identification and memory as well as display, (3) logical Comparison circuit and (4) control functions

The tool selection section consists of data storage elements such as Flip flops. A storage unit is provided for each tool caliber. Remote switch represent means for the user that match the caliber of the available Show tool. The tool selection is saved and indicated by the indicator lights.

Upon actuation of one of the tool selection switches, a control memory device to the state "1" and enables the tape reading to start on request to set, i.e.

when pressing the "Scanning" switch. Will not be a tool choice carried out, independent work is not permitted.

This lock can be bypassed using an ON-OFF switch, so that non-coded recording tapes can be used, when actuated this switch activates the tape reader. The identification codes of each operation are read, decrypted and stored in data storage units.

Each time a new identification is entered, the previous entry turned off. Only one storage device is active at any given time. The activated Storage unit shows which operation code is currently passing the reading head.

At the beginning of the tape reading, all codes are read and briefly stored, but otherwise disregarded.

If a D-01-Eode appears on the tape reader, the facility is informed that there is a new group of operations to be read (i.e. in the instruction booklet a sheet was turned over).

The'logical comparison circuit is now activated, and everyone Identification code is now with the selected tool code when reading compared. If a match is found, the tape reader is excluded Operation set, the dimensional-related part of the operation is on the tape cassette deck for reading. The main control device will a signal is sent that the approval to initiate the automatic processing gives.

At the end of the work sequence, the selected tool is entered deleted in memory. A subsequent automatic work sequence can only be initiated when a new election has been made.

From the above description it can be seen that with the invention a method to compensate for tool wear was created. Even though only a single magnetic tape as described as a data recording medium was intended, the invention is not limited to this, and it can other data recording media can also be used, such as disks, drums, punch cards and punched tape. Although digital electronic circuits have been disclosed and are preferred other logical means can be provided for this purpose, where gases or liquids are used.

In the numerical control of machine tools with compensation the tool wear, the following process steps are carried out, namely Programming and recording of all operations to be performed on a workpiece in turn on a data recording medium including after one Tool codes identified programs, the new and reground tools correspond, and in preparation for performing any operation the Reading of the data recording medium up to the point on the reader that contains a tool code identification of the program in question, that of the tool code identification of the tool selected to perform the operation corresponds to this procedure is further characterized by the secondary step that an interruption of the Reading is prevented until the first of each subsequent group of programs is read and has been identified.

Claims

Claims (24)

Method for numerically controlling machining of a workpiece with compensation for tool wear, characterized in that that on a single recording means all programs of the one workpiece the processing operations to be carried out one after the other and in uninterrupted fashion Sequence are recorded, with a group of recorded programs one Corresponds to a group of cutting tools with normal and reduced dimensions, that for each operation from the group of cutting tools an available tool in order to carry out the operation in question, it is selected that the recording medium with respect to a reader provided for a numerical control will) in order to bring the recorded program to the reader for each operation, the cutting tool available for the numerically controlled version this operation corresponds to reading all selected programs and that the workpiece is processed under numerical control according to instructions, which are read from the selected programs, processing with the selected cutting tool is carried out. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said Recording means consists of a single recording tape, which for each Operation with respect to a tape reader provided for numerical control is disallowed to bring the selected program to the reader. 3. Vferfahren according to claim 2, characterized in that the different The caliber of the cutting tools and the corresponding programs according to the following T-code are designated, namely T-O1 for full size and T-O2 through T-05 for undersize, and that the T-code identifiers for the programs recorded on the recording tape. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the groups of cutting tools and the corresponding programs are designated by the same T-code are. 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that with a T-code preset the scanning of the tape begins and ends when the recorded Code identification of the preselected program for the next operation on There is a reader for the numerical control. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that an interruption the tape transport is prevented if the same T-code identification on the reader occurs for the previous operation. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the T-code area code is saved and visibly indicated that the occurrence of the The recorded T-code identification is saved on the reader and visibly displayed that the stored T-code area code is compared with the occurrence, and that the tape transport is interrupted if they match. E3e method according to claim 7, characterized in that the storage and the visible display of a T-code identification determined by the reader is interrupted if a comparison is not made. 9. The method according to claim 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that that the reading of the tape is prevented until a preselection has been carried out has been. 10. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in the event of an interruption of the tape transport, the initiation of the numerically controlled Machining according to the selected program and with the selected cutting tool enabled. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the stored and visibly displayed preselection and the occurrence of the selected program during of the numerically controlled machining are retained after each program. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the storage and the visible display of the selected T-code program is interrupted if the corresponding operation has ended. 130 The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the interruption the storage and display of the program preselections of those recorded on the tape Signals is controlled. 140 The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the Readers introduced, saved and visibly displayed the next program identifying the program used for the operation being performed. 15. Device for controlling a machine tool at. processing of a workpiece with compensation for tool wear, characterized by a recording medium on which instructions for carrying out a Series of operations to be performed on a workpiece are recorded, with all programs of a group of programs recorded in uninterrupted sequence are a number of groups of cutting tools with normal and undersized corresponds to the named groups of programs, being in each group of programs a program for each cutting tool caliber in each group of cutting tools is provided, and by means of the Readers of one of the brought up recorded programs, the one selected available cutting tool corresponds with which the workpiece is to be machined. 16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the Recording medium consists of a single recording tape, and that the called means brings the recorded programs to the reader one after the other. 170 Device according to claim 16, characterized in that each Group of cutting tools from a tool having the normal dimensions with the designation T-01 and from tools with reduced dimensions and with the designations T-02, T-O3, T-04 and T-05, and that these cutting tools corresponding programs with the same corresponding designations and that the T-code identifications and instructions relating to the Dimensions are recorded on the tape. 18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the the tape with respect to the reader and a logic circuit scanning means Stop scanning when the corresponding program is available on the reader. 19O device according to claim 18, characterized in that the said logic circuit has means for registering and storing Cutting tool signals indicating the T-code identifications of the cutting tools, selected for performing the appropriate operations on a workpiece have been, and that means are provided to prevent scanning of the tape, until a tool selection has been registered and stored. 20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the said logic circuit has means for displaying the T-code program signals and saves the daq on the reader one after the other Show programs, and that a comparator is provided that the stored Compares cutting tool signals with the program signals, and that means is provided which interrupt the tape transport when a comparison is carried out by the comparator will. 21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the said logic circuit has means which interrupt the tape transport prevent the code identification of the first recorded program on the reader each group of programs is available. 22. Device according to claim 20, characterized by a device for numerical control of a machine tool when machining a workpiece depending on one recorded on a tape and related to dimensions Information representing the selected program, which control device of-one Signal is put into operation, which is received from said band, and that the tape transport is interrupted by a signal from the control device; is received when it is put into operation. 23. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that which has switches that register the cutting tool and the memory device, which can be optionally actuated by the operator of the machine tool and register the choice of a particular cutting tool, and that means of saving of the signal showing this choice are provided which visibly indicate this choice 24. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that said logical Circuit has means that maintain the visible display of the selected tool, and that the execution of the program while machining the workpiece under the control of the numerical control of the machine tool takes place.