DE2239205A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR WASTE WATER PURIFICATION - Google Patents

Description

3800 Gray Avenue, Montreal 260, Quebec, Canada

Process and device for wastewater purification

Priority: 1O ₀ August 1971 / Canada registration number o: 120 221

The invention relates to a method and a device for wastewater purification, in particular for aerobic, biological wastewater treatment,

So far, v / urde an aerobic ', _e d h _o need of an air-biological method for purifying wastewater in general, according to "the following three processes performed: 1") with activated sludge, 2) with Rieselfiltern, 3) with coulure (Rieselfelder In addition, submerged filters with or without aeration were also used; however, this has since been abandoned due to operational difficulties and because the treatment has only a slight iluteance. Both currently used methods work

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“ACh ORiQfNAL

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Sludge revitalization or use trickle filters. ,

While these systems are economical and effective., ._,, however, for a complete biological purification, primary and secondary clarifiers. The activated sludge process requires large amounts of air and large containers, to achieve long ventilation times. That with trickle filters operating processes require large structures and, in addition, operational difficulties arise in cold temperature conditions and there are unpleasant odors »In addition To complete the above-mentioned deficiencies, these processes require a third process stage, if a better degree of treatment is to be achieved.

According to the invention, the disadvantages mentioned do not apply., and instead of this, a high degree of biological cleaning is achieved within a short time and with little need for compressed air achieved. The amount of concrete or other building material required is considerably reduced according to the invention, so that there are considerable economic benefits from this; there is also the option of primary and secondary To omit clarifiers. In addition, with the device according to the invention, when in a multistage part Arrangement is used, the wastewater is cleaned in such a way that it is returned directly to water supply systems and can be used again.

The core of the invention sees the handling of the problem ) in one unit, where dan. Wastewater first

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through the upper part, an activated sludge scraper, flows and then in the lower part, a ventilated, biological filter layer according to the older. Patent application P 20 "45 377.4 arrives» The at the sole of the ventilated, The air flows through the biological filter Filter layer and ventilated above this filter layer die Beiebeschlammkanmier * The invention creates in their Basic form a two-stage biological treatment process in a chamber ^ using a single aeration stage, the first stage being the activated sludge process and the second stage of the process in a ventilated, biological Filter layer corresponds. The aerated, biological filter layer filters the outflow from the activated sludge stage Liquid, thereby eliminating the need for a secondary clarifier * It also removes wastewater further purified by the bacteria developing on the filter medium, creating a more complete biological treatment is guaranteed. Given the activated sludge stage can do without a primary clarifier.

The ventilation of the ventilated biological filter layer has three effects. First, the bacteria which develop in the filter medium, are supplied with oxygen »Second, excess bacteria are transferred to the activated sludge zone flushed out, and thirdly, a constant porosity of the filter medium is maintained with the result, that the flow of sewage through the filter medium without excessively strong pressure loss is observed The this

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Process-subject wastewater is completely "biological" treated and are then given to a receiving body for sterilization. When the procedure is repeated in a multi-level arrangement, the cleaning effect is extraordinarily great «

The activated sludge (first stage) works according to the coefficients currently customary for such a process within a wide range of BOD loads and mixed liquid SS, concentrations. In the context of the present invention, in order to reduce the chamber volume and the costs, the B _e ε «,. B. loads and mixed liquid SS concentrations extremely high and the dwell time very short * This leads to a lower efficiency in the BS ₀ B. biological filter

Bchicht is completely balanced, (B.S.B. = Biochemical oxygen demand _ see p. = Suspended matter)

If it is necessary to supply additional air to the activated sludge stage, an additional ventilation system can be used be provided, which provides for air distribution or mechanical ventilation or in which a diffuser in the upper Layer of the filter medium is arranged.

The wastewater is fed to the activated sludge chamber according to known, generally accepted methods.

The excess sludge is drawn off from the activated sludge chamber (first stage) by a specially designed

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designed Schlaimnsammelvorriehtung, whereby the withdrawn Sludge volume is reduced. This collection device can in certain cases it can be arranged outside the unit or even completely separate from the unit «The collecting device can be constructed so that a circulation under gravity or by means of compressed air delivery or some other Pump device takes place. This clay lamb is then further processed according to known, desirable methods. if the process coefficients require it, excess sludge is added the activated sludge chamber returned *

The ventilated, biological filter layer (aweit 'Stage) is designed and executed similarly to the fast-acting drinking water sand filters that are common nowadays, but with, , with the exception that the filter layer contains a biological hatred and is ventilated during operation. The necessary amount of air and the size of the filter medium is a puncture of the type of wastewater to be treated and the desired efficiency the treatment ,, Furthermore, if necessary, the ventilated, biological filter layer rinsed free < > Flushing can be done in one of two different ways: 1.) The amount of air is increased without stopping the operation of the filter or 2.) A combination of air and Water applied according to known methods. In both of these cases, the excess removed from the filter sheet becomes Fabric collected in the Schlammsamitielvorriohtimg and from there discharged.

Dar. Rinse water can come from or from treated wastewater outside mixed water. The upstream rinsing var.ijor

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is reintroduced into circulation at the top of the system »The flushing time is a maximum of 20 minutes, and then the ventilated, biological filter layer is put back into operation. The time between the individual rinsing · * ·'s operations, a function of the size and depth of the filter ,, _ä medium and the desired degree of purification of waste water to be treated in each case and depends on the quality of the discharged liquid. ,

The essential function of the aerated biological filter layer is a high urad to B, S, B ₀ reduction effected within a very short time by utilizing the provided by the filter medium extremely large surface to ensure ₀ This filter media both Biokoagulation al3 also a conversion of organic In inorganic substances that remained in the form of colloidal suspensions or dissolved substances after passing through the activated sludge chamber.

In order to be able to fulfill the above-mentioned tasks, compressed air is either continuously fed into the sole of the filter different amounts or fed cyclically.

The flow of wastewater through the aerated, biological filter layer can be up or down as desired. Suitable filter media are sand, gravel, anthracite, activated charcoal or appropriate sunny substances of different l'rröi'io and density and in appropriate leather combinations. The construction of the distribution and / or sum Ir.yf; temn-tso ~ probably for sewage from; also for f.uft i ^{corresponds to r} , o ( ^f , oi

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usual, well-known processes, these include filters with an intermediate floor and sieve insertsii as well as filters with a pipe network or brick blocks underneath them, Porcelain balls and the like. The size of the filter and the amount of air, the depth of the filter medium, the size of the particles and other construction details are a function of the wastewater to be treated and the required degree of purification, The contact time between the wastewater and the filter layer for full biological cleaning is in principle very short and the amount of air required is very small,

Modifications to the ventilated biological filter layer can include multiple layers within one or more layers as desired have multiple structures. The different layers can be of different sizes and different specific weight, depending on how the construction conditions require «, the air is supplied to the sole of the Unit, and further air can be supplied through a distribution grille at any height of the filter layer. At a A modified embodiment of the invention is an active, ventilated biological in one structure or in several structures Layer combined with a subsequent pure filtration layer, with the air supply above the pure filtration layer takes place. The filtration layer can lie directly below the biological layer or be separated from it by an intermediate floor.

In an alternative arrangement within the is:.-.- ■> Filtermediuriis a grid-like collecting device off

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flowing liquid provided. The ventilated one flows here Waste water from below and above the filter layer is collected by the grille and discharged.

All of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments correspond to the basic ones in their operation, ventilation and flushing ventilated, biological filter layer with a simple filter medium according to patent application P 20 45 377.4. One Another modification of the above embodiments provides for the division of the unit into small cells with a simple or with multiple ventilated or non-ventilated layers that allow individual rinsing of each individual cell. In a further, modified embodiment, there is a in the ventilated, biological filter layer Rake for the filter medium with a surface area or skimming device provided. Another modified one again Embodiment comprises a basic, aerated, biological filter layer, which is a moving sand layer includes, which is set in circulation by compressed air. The wastewater flows from top to bottom and the air from bottom up. The moving sand layer is arranged on the top of the filter and is the layer that is on the strongest is added. This layer falls into sloping pits next to the filter layer, from which the compressed air comes out of it Layer is put into circulation again and at the same time it washes open gutter or pipe located in the upper part of the unit and where a secondary air inlet opening promotes flushing of the sand. According to an alternative

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As a result, the upper filter medium is circulated • offset that it flowed to a compressed air arrangement. The filter medium moves to the inlet of the air riser arrangement and is expelled into the activated sludge layer, to settle again on the surface of the filter medium. The filter medium is rinsed at the same time.

In a modified embodiment of the above described device is the entire sand bed in. Circulation, including a compressed air device in a unit with one or more conical hoppers at the bottom of the unit and a compressed air device in the middle part of the funnel is used «in the upper

In the first layer of the filter medium, an air distribution grille is sunk and a grid which collects treated wastewater and allows flushing water to flow back when the unit is flushed ' must become.

Another modified embodiment provides a unit with circulating sand which does not aerate is only used as a filter. The sand is in a central conical area is provided, in the middle of which the treated effluent is collected willo As the sand moves to the bottom of the funnel, it is compressed by compressed air into an open gutter above the tank in circulation or in a pipe in the upper part of the unit. At this point an additional Air supply to flush the sand. The activated sludge component extends around the entire central conical area.

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that is, "vented" by separate known air supply devices.

All of the above various embodiments can as well as the basic unit in various shapes and arrangements, also provided in series and also in existing units such as primary clarifiers, animated slime units, combined, at high speed working complete air units or other already existing systems are installed to increase their capacity to enlarge and / or improve their performance.

The invention is explained below with advantageous details using schematic drawings of several exemplary embodiments explained in more detail. It shows:

Pig. 1 a section through an apparatus for treating waste water in a combined bed with activated sludge and a simple filter medium having biological filter, wherein the ventilation takes place from the bottom, flows the waste water from top to bottom, an integral mud collecting device and an additional ventilation arrangement for the Activated sludge chamber is provided;

FIG. 2 shows a view similar to FIG. 1 with a filter medium composed of multiple layers and an additional ventilation grille in the upper layer of the filter medium;

Big. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 with multiple, separated layers;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Figs. 1 and 2 with no

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ventilated filter layer;

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 with separated Layers;

6 is a view similar to FIG. 1 with "moving top layer;

7 is a view similar to FIG. 1 with a more complete Circulation of the filter medium;

FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 with a non-ventilated, filter medium set in circulation;

FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 6 with an alternative embodiment of an airlift assembly; FIG.

10 a view similar to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, "but in which the unit is divided into small cells;

11 is a view similar to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, "in which, however, a rake is provided;

FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 9 with two airlift assemblies at different heights.

The same reference numbers are used for corresponding parts in all drawings.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the invention contemplates an open or closed container "or tank 10 'of" any Shape and made of any suitable material before, which has an inlet connection 11, which at the same time an outlet 12 for the return flow forms, as well as a discharge nozzle for outflowing liquid 13, which at the same time as an inlet nozzle 14 for the return flow and as an outlet nozzle works. The tank has a filter intermediate floor 16, which is a

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a single ventilated, biological filter bed or a filter layer 17 is supported »The inflowing liquid can by means of a hoop or trough 18 or in any other known manner. The air required to ventilate the filter medium and the Mick flow is through a Nozzle 19 fed under the intermediate floor 16. The air used to ventilate the ventilated biological filter layer serves, rises into an activated sludge chamber 20. Additional air for venting the activated sludge chamber is supplied through a distribution system 21 supplied. The excess sludge from the activated sludge chamber 20 is accumulated in a collection area 22, from which it is withdrawn through a nozzle 23. Of the Collection area 22 also serves to collect the rinse water when the filter is rinsed.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 2 differs from the device of FIG. 1 in that it no intermediate floor 16 but a grid collecting device

24 for outflowing liquid and an air distribution grille

25 has. In addition, multiple layers 26 of the ventilated, biological filter layer provided. Additional air is supplied for the activated sludge process through a Ventilation grille 27 in the upper part of the ventilated biological filter layer.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 is similar to that already described devices, however, the ventilated, biological filter layers are through two or more intermediate floors separate each ventilated biological filter layer

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can be provided as a simple filter medium 17 or as a multiple filter medium 26.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement with multiple layers, of which the lower layer 28 is a non-vented "bio ~ logical filter layer. An inlet nozzle 29 is used for supplying air during the flushing ₀

Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4, but the "ventilated" ones are biological Filter layers through two or more intermediate floors

16 separated from each other. The upper layer is through the inlet and Distribution system 21 ventilated while the lower layer is not ventilated.

Fig. 6 shows ventilated, biological filter layers, of which the upper layer of the filter medium 30 thereby. is continuously moved that new filter medium from an open chamber or a shaft arranged in the middle 31 is fed. This filter medium in the form of sand that is made from A pit 33 is raised through an air riser arrangement 32 into the shaft in the middle, when the sand reaches the top of the shaft, the is expanded, it is washed by additional air supply 34. The rinsing liquid flowing out is transferred to the animate vessels nurse chamber discharged. The lower layer of the filter medium

17 and 26 are not energized and ventilated and can be flushed if necessary will.

Fig. 7 shows a unit similar to FIG. 1, but in which

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the entire Piltermediura with the help of an aerial riser « arrangement 32 is put into circulation, either of Air 35 or air and water 36 is operated »The lower part of the filter medium rests in a conical area 37 · Above the conical area, the ventilated biological filter layer behaves as described above. At the exit the air riser arrangement flushes the sand. The upper layer is, if necessary, with the help of the grid 24 and of the grid 25 rinsed.

In Fig. B ± νΛ. a moving, non-aerated, biological filter bed is shown in which the sand is set in circulation by an air riser arrangement 32 and is discharged to an open chamber or a shaft arranged in the middle. A deflecting member 30 prevents the sand from overflowing. A unit 39 provided in the middle can be trough-shaped or simply a cone arranged in the middle. The treated, outflowing liquid is collected in a central chamber 40 perforated on its upper side, from which it is discharged through connection 13. The activated sludge chamber is aerated with the aid of an air distribution system 41. A deflection or guide device 42 triggers the cleaning flow on the filter surface.

FIG. 9 is similar to FIG. 6 and shows a ventilated biological filter layer in which the upper layer of the filter medium 30 is thereby continuously set in circulation is that it flows to the riser assembly 32 and is expelled into the activated sludge chamber 20 where it is

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again settles on the filter medium. By this effect the upper layer of the IFiItermediums is rinsed. the lower layer of the filter medium 17? 26 and 28 is still and can be rinsed if necessary «

10 is similar to the device according to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, but here is the main chamber for the filter medium divided into small cells by a separator 43. This makes it possible to getx'ennt every single cell to rinse without having to rinse the entire unit «

11 is similar to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, however is the fil.termediuin 17 »26 and 28 of a mechanical rake 44 coated. This rake is with a driving device 45 combined, which acts as a surface scraper or skimmer. . ....

The example according to FIG. _B 12 is similar to that. 9, however, there is an additional air riser assembly 46 which operates at a different elevation than the air riser assembly 32.

In all of the arrangements described above, a spraying or spraying area may be required above the sludge collection area. Built-in explosive device.

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Claims (1)

-IG- Expectations ( 1. J method for purifying wastewater and the like, characterized in that a finely divided filter medium or finely divided filter media containing biological filter bed zone is maintained that in the direction of flow in front of the biological filter bed zone, an activated sludge zone is maintained, that to be treated wastewater or the like Activated sludge zone is supplied that .both the biological filter bed zone and the activated sludge zone aerated v / earth that the treated effluent liquid is withdrawn from the biological filter bed zone, and that the biological filter bed zone is flushed as often as necessary in order to ensure the operational efficiency of this biological Maintain the filter bed zone and an acceptable pressure at the point of withdrawal of the treated effluent; 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste water or the like of the biological Filter bed zone upstream of the activated sludge zone in the direction of flow is fed. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sludge in an activated sludge ammeIzone near dex 'activated sludge zone and in Connection with it concentrated and separated from it. 3 0 9 8 0 7/1012 will lead. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the biological filter bed multiple layers can be used. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that any filter medium is used suitable substance is used. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized marked hn e t that the various layers of the biological filter bed are arranged one above the other. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that that the different layers of the biological filter bed are physically separated from one another. 8. The method according to any one of claims' 1 to 7, characterized in that immediately below the ventilated biological filter bed a non-aerated biological filter bed is arranged. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that that the non-aerated biological filter bed is separated by an intermediate floor. 3 0 9 8 0 7/1012 - 10 - 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized characterized in that the entire filter medium is put into circulation. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that only the upper layer of the The filter medium is put into circulation. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the activated sludge chamber additional air is supplied. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the additional air by a in the The grid (21) arranged in the upper layer (17) of the biological filter bed is supplied. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the air is supplied cyclically will. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the air in fluctuating Quantities is fed. IG. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized characterized that the ventilation with oxygen he follows. 309807/101 2 17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized g e k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that the ventilation with "a mixture takes place from air and oxygen. 18 .. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the waste water is under pressure
flows through the system. ' 19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the system with negative pressure
is operated. 20. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of the preceding claims for cleaning / wastewater and the like, characterized by a device (10) to maintain a biological filter bed zone which is a finely divided filter medium or finely divided Filter media. Contains, means for maintaining a Activated Schlanrazone (20) in the direction of flow in front of the biological Filter bed zone, a device (11, 18) for supplying waste water and the like to the activated sludge zone, a device (19; 21; 27) for aerating the biological filter bed zone and the activated sludge zone, a device (13) for discharge the treated liquid flowing out of the biological filter zone, a device (14) for rinsing the biological Filter bed zone, and "a device (22) for discharging the rinsing liquid from a point in the direction of flow in front of the filter bed zone. 3 09 8 0 7/1012 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the feed point for the waste water and the like to the biological filter bed zone in the direction of flow in front of the activated sludge zone. 22. Apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the means (20) for maintaining a collecting device (22) for activated sludge is associated with an activated sludge zone. 23; Device according to claim 22, characterized in that the collecting device (22) for activated sludge is provided with an opening (23) at the bottom, which makes it possible to put the sludge in a circulation. 24. Device according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the biological filter bed zone is divided into cells (by means of 43), which can be flushed individually are (Fig. 10). 25. Device according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterized characterized in that a mechanical rake (44) is provided for coating the filter medium (Fig. 11). 26. Device according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized characterized in that an upper layer (30) of the aerated, biological filter bed zone is movable, and that 30 9 8 07/101 2 .. an air lift pump puts this layer in 'circulation and in a shaft (31) with an enlarged upper area in the Activated sludge karamer (20) promotes, and that an additional air supply device (34) a flushing arrangement for the sand forms, the clean sand sinks by gravity to its normal filtering position and on its downward movement from is ventilated below until it finally falls into a pit (33), and that additional periodic flushing for the immobile Layer (17, 26) is provided in the lower part (Figs. 6 and 9). 27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that for the return of the sand in the In the middle a shaft (31) is provided (Fig. 8). 28. Device according to one of claims 20 to 27, characterized ■ marked that a facility is provided which sets the entire filter medium in circulation (Figs. 7 and 8). 29. Device according to one of claims 20 to 28, characterized in that a device is provided is that only the top layer of the filter medium is in circulation offset (rig. 6 and 9). 30. Device according to one of claims 20 to 29, characterized ge k α η η · δ ν. i ch η .ct _e that a series of jumps crdiir.cn to break up foam above the Sclilcuuiiujamnuj LVorrichtung (;! O) nnqcjordcMit. ... 3 (.0 807 / .IO I 2