DE223668C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE223668C DE223668C DENDAT223668D DE223668DA DE223668C DE 223668 C DE223668 C DE 223668C DE NDAT223668 D DENDAT223668 D DE NDAT223668D DE 223668D A DE223668D A DE 223668DA DE 223668 C DE223668 C DE 223668C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- acid
- electrolyte
- acids
- organic colloids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XOYUVEPYBYHIFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L diperchloryloxylead Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O XOYUVEPYBYHIFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N HF Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- YBVAXJOZZAJCLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.O[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound ON=O.O[N+]([O-])=O YBVAXJOZZAJCLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Perchlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940005991 chloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/18—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of lead
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING
- M 223668 -■ ■ KLASSE 40c. GRUPPE- M 223668 - ■ ■ CLASS 40c. GROUP
Von den bisher vorgeschlagenen Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Bleiraffination konnte sich bisher nur das B ettssche Verfahren (D. R. P. 1982S8) in der Praxis behaupten. Dasselbe beruht auf der Verwendung eines Elektrolyten, der aus einer wässerigen Lösung des Bleisalzes, einer nicht oxydierenden Säure, neben freier Säure und einer geringen Menge eines Reduktionsmittels besteht.From the previously proposed method for electrolytic lead refining could so far only the B ettsche method (D. R. P. 1982, 8) has been asserted in practice. The same thing is based on the use of an electrolyte, which is obtained from an aqueous solution of the Lead salt, a non-oxidizing acid, in addition to free acid and a small amount a reducing agent.
Von den nicht oxydierenden Säuren kommen hauptsächlich die Komplexsäuren des Fluorwasserstoffs in Frage, außerdem aber auch organische Säuren, besonders aromatische. Sulfosäuren.Of the non-oxidizing acids, there are mainly the complex acids of hydrogen fluoride in question, but also organic acids, especially aromatic ones. Sulfonic acids.
Um einen möglichst gutleitenden Elektro-• lyten zu erhalten, können nur starke Säuren, die möglichst leicht lösliche Bleisalze bilden, zur Anwendung gelangen. Damit das Verfahren möglichst wirtschaftlich arbeitet, mußIn order to obtain the best possible conductive electrolyte • only strong acids, which form as easily soluble lead salts as possible are used. So the procedure works as economically as possible, must
ao aber außerdem der Elektrolyt möglichst beständig sein; eine Zerstörung desselben bei der Elektrolyse darf also nicht eintreten. Aus diesem Grunde scheiden die organischen Säuren sofort aus, da sie gegen Oxydation usw. nicht genügend widerstandsfähig sind. Es bleiben also nur die nicht oxydierenden, anorganischen Säuren übrig. Von diesen bilden nun die meisten, wie z. B. die Salzsäure, Flußsäure, Schwefelsäure usw., wenig oder nichtlösliche Bleisalze, so daß sie ebenfalls nicht in Betracht kommen. Es verbleiben also als anwendbar nur noch die von Betts angewendeten Komplexsäuren des Fluorwasserstoffs, und zwar in erster Linie die Kieselfiuorwasserstoffsäure und zum Teil auch die erheblich teuere Borfluorwasserstoffsäure. Diese Säuren haben nun den Nachteil, daß sie verhältnismäßig unbeständig sind, so daß ζ. B., wie in der Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie 1905, S. 231 nachgewiesen worden ist, bereits bei der Bereitung des Bleisalzes ganz erhebliche Mengen der Säure zerstört werden. Aber auch bei der Bleiraffination selbst werden ständig erhebliche Mengen der Säure zersetzt, indem sich stets im Anodenschlamm bedeutende Mengen von Kieselsäure und Fluorblei ausscheiden (s. auch Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie 1905, S. 238, 241 und 242).ao but also the electrolyte should be as stable as possible; a destruction of the same electrolysis must therefore not occur. For this reason the organic acids separate immediately, as they are not sufficiently resistant to oxidation etc. It stays so only the non-oxidizing, inorganic acids left. Of these now form the most, such as B. hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc., little or insoluble Lead salts, so that they are also out of the question. It therefore remains applicable only the complex acids of hydrogen fluoride used by Betts, First and foremost, hydrofluoric acid and, in part, also hydrofluoric acid, which is considerably more expensive. These acids now have the disadvantage that they are relatively unstable, so that ζ. B., as has been demonstrated in the Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie 1905, p. 231, already During the preparation of the lead salt, considerable amounts of the acid are destroyed. but Even with lead refining itself, considerable amounts of acid are constantly broken down, because significant amounts of silica and fluorine lead are always deposited in the anode sludge (See also Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie 1905, pp. 238, 241 and 242).
Die oxydierenden Säuren, wie Salpetersäure und Chlorsäure, sind nicht anwendbar, da sie während der Elektrolyse an der Kathode reduziert werden; es bildet sich aus Nitrat zuerst Nitrit und aus Chlorat das schwerlösliche Chlorid.The oxidizing acids, such as nitric acid and chloric acid, are not applicable as they are are reduced at the cathode during electrolysis; it is formed first from nitrate Nitrite and, from chlorate, the poorly soluble chloride.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht nun auf der Erkenntnis, daß von stark oxydierenden Säuren, entgegen der in der Praxis allgemein als zutreffend angesehenen Annahme von Betts, doch eine Säure mit großem Vorteil anwendbar ist, da sie bei der Elektrolyse in keiner Weise verbraucht wird; es ist dies die Überchlorsäure.The present invention is based on the knowledge that of strongly oxidizing Acids, contrary to the generally accepted assumption of Betts, an acid can be used with great advantage, since it is in electrolysis is not consumed in any way; it is the superchloric acid.
Uberchlorsäure bzw. Perchlorate werden bei der Elektrolyse stets wieder vollständig regeneriert und weder reduziert noch sonstwie zerstört. Superchloric acid or perchlorates are always completely regenerated during electrolysis and neither reduced nor otherwise destroyed.
Man kann also Blei mit Hilfe einer sauren Bleiperchloratlösung als Elektrolyt mit Vorteil raffinieren, ohne daß sich der Elektrolyt wie bei den bisher üblichen Lösungen zersetzt.So you can use lead with the help of an acidic lead perchlorate solution as an electrolyte with advantage refine without the electrolyte decomposing as in the previous solutions.
Um zu verhindern, daß das an der Kathode sich abscheidende Blei lose Kristalle bildet, muß natürlich auch im vorliegenden Falle in bekannter Weise ein die Kristallisation ver-To prevent the lead deposited on the cathode from forming loose crystals, must of course also in the present case, in a known manner, the crystallization
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
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DE223668C true DE223668C (en) |
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ID=484468
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