DE2228210A1 - Layered product, its manufacture and its use - Google Patents

Description

PATENTANVVAUTSBURO THOMSEN - TlEDTKE - BüHLING

TEL. (0811) 53 0211 TELEX: β-24 303 iopat

PATENT LAWYERS

Munich: Frankfurt / M .:

Dipl.-Chem. Dr. D. Thomsen Dlpl.-Ing. W. Welnkaulf

Dipl.-Ing. H. Tiedtke (Fuchshohl 71)

Dipl.-Chem. Q. Bühling
Dipl.-Ing. R. Kinne
Dipl.-Chem. Dr. U. Eggere

8000 Munich 2

Kaiser-Ludwig-Platze June 9, 1972

Imperial Chemical Industries Limited
London, UK

Layered product, its manufacture and its use

The invention relates to layered products as well as their production.

The invention provides a layered product made up of a number of sheets or sheets that are parallel to one another. Layer layers, between at least two of these layer layers an intermediate layer of fibers or threads or tufts of fibers or threads is arranged, the longitudinal axis These fibers or threads are located essentially in the right V / in to the plane of the layer layers, v / the latter

form the boundary of the intermediate layer.

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The invention also provides a method of manufacture of a layered product, the method being that of a fiber or filament forming Polyrerrnmaterial inserted between two layers, where, if required to make this polymer material adherent and sticky to these layer layers, thereby separating the layer layers from each other in a direction vertical to their planes, pulling of the polymer material occurs; that you have a tie of the sticky polymer material on the layer layers; that you have the layers in a direction perpendicular to their Levels so that there are pasers or layers between these layers. Threads pulled / grounded; and that a hardening of these Pasern resp. Threads causes.

For reasons of expediency, the word "Pipes" also include threads, fibrils and tufts of threads, fibers and threads and the like.

The layered article preferably has two layers that define an intermediate fiber layer. The layer layers can be the same or different and can consist of suitable, flexible or rigid material. Materials from which the sheet layers can be formed include thermoplastic substances, as follows are mentioned as being suitable for fibril formation, metals, wood (including composite products such as plywood, chipboard, hardboard and the like), thermosetting resins, reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting resins, natural or

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synthetic rubbers, asbestos, leather, glass, ceramics and regenerated celluloses such as "cellophane". Fibrous products, which can be woven or non-woven and for which textile materials are more synthetic or natural Counting fibers, paper, cardboard, metal, etc., are also suitable.

The selection of the combination of layer material

and interlayer material should be given in view of what is required Occurrence of the connection of the fiber aji the layer layers take place, although it is to be understood that if necessary for improvement the binding, the use of adequate surface agents or surface treatments provided. For example, one can treat the surface of the Layer layers, e.g. B. by a suitable solvent, emollient or curing agents for the interlayer material apply, or the layers can, ζ. Γ ·. by abrasion, can be roughened.

The layer layers themselves can be layered sheets.

The fiber-forming polymer material used according to the invention, can be thermoplastic or thermosetting Be material and this can include a monoir, which during the layer-forming operation to a fiber-forming Polymerized polymers,

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A wide range of thermoplastic materials can be used as fiber-forming polymer, including, for example, those lines, many in British patent applications 53265/69, 55241-3 / 70 and 6132 ^ -6 / 70 (which also provide additional details on processing) are. Liersu include addition polymers such as polymers and copolymers of ethylene, propylene, butadiene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate ₉ vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile and styrene, and condensation polymers such as polyamides and polyesters, e.g. E. of glycols and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Mixtures of thread-forming polypifying materials can also be used. Examples of specific thermoplastic polymer materials which can be used in the process according to the invention are polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride.

The polymer can be introduced between the layers in the form of a sheet, which is a continuous or perforated web of a thickness appropriate to the thickness and density of the intermediate layer required is. The polymer material can, however, also be a foam or it can be present in divided form.

To. The thermoplastic polymers include glass, in particular Glass with a relatively low melting point.

For use in the method, the polymer material be softened in any suitable way, for example

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by heat and / or by the action of plasticizers (for example as with vinyl plastisols) or by solvents »In the case of heat-sensitive polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, for example, the polymer can be combined with a non-polymeric compound or a mixture of non-polymeric compounds which is solid at ambient temperatures and. in which the polymer dissolves at elevated temperatures »Such a mixture will have softening properties similar to those of those of the thermoplastic material itself are different, with further control of the process conditions as a result is possible.

Fiber-forming polymer materials can be used, which softens or through the use of suitable solvents are made sticky. For example, natural or synthetic types of rubber can be replaced by a suitable chlorinated one Soften hydrocarbon solvents. If this method is used, the threads formed when the leaves are separated by evaporation of the solvent, if necessary through Heating, hardening.

Where the softening is to be effected partially or entirely by heat, which is the preferred means, at least can some of the heat can be supplied to the polymeric material, for example by contact with a heated surface and / or the layers. However, because of the occurrence of the problems of heat transfer, especially when a relative thick layer of polymer material is applied or at high

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Production rates, it may be preferred that at least some of the heats are fed to the polymer material by preheating. " Eel a Ausf'ih approximate shape for example, the raterinl hclB ::: iu; lead e are ₀ ^ 3 B, in Eisfetform by Schmelzpxtrusion iHKl- if the Redinnunc ~ ⁿ properly Bind, there need be no need for further heating. It can, for example, supplied to the material from a film roll and vorerhit ^ t V3räen, "In yet another embodiment, the thread-forming © _s thermoplastic Polyr» can ren: aterial to the surface of Elattes in example Pulverforn or Granulatfc-rm on Housed _s and then converted into a continuous or discontinuous layer by heating and rolling prior to or at the same time as the treatment according to the process according to the invention.

Thermosetting resins, which can be used as a fiber-forming polymer, are described in British patent applications 12336/17 and 28206/71. These are usually M £ Been ₂ polygamy in one unit during the course of polymination. ·; Stage exist, v / o they can form a liquid or a cohesive film, and wherein the material has sticky properties, ie the properties of adherence to suitable surfaces, and when the surfaces separate vertically, ie in the direction of a right angle to the plane of the Surfaces, the material is drawn out to form a multitude of threads which extend between the surfaces, and these then harden to such an extent that the fibers so formed do not get into the ashes of the polymer

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coincide. An appropriate test to choose an appropriate one curable compositions from the very broad range available are described in the above-mentioned patent application. As Henspiele curable materials, among which the polymer material is to be selected according to the invention, are vinyl compounds, epoxies, Polyesters, including poly (ethylene terephthalate) and polycarbonates, Polyamides, polyurethanes and the formaldehyde resins, for example phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and Melamine-formaldehyde resins mentioned.

Since the principle of the invention is simple and the requirements of the poly never materials used in the invention can be clearly defined, it is obvious that the selection of an appropriate material from the Knowledge of its properties and its method of manufacture can, especially in light of the disclosure of the aforementioned patent applications. The determination the approximately optimal processing conditions for a given material, if it is used according to the invention expediently take place as indicated below:

The fiber-forming material in a suitable sticky form, which can be in solution or melted, is enclosed as a thin film of the order of 1 mm thick between two rigid plates, in surface contact of the polymer with the material or the materials from wel chen the layers are to be formed. The panels are then placed in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the polymer film

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pulled apart and held apart by a distance of the order of 1 cm (or any other suitable distance), until it has hardened sufficiently to prevent the collapse of fibers that have formed.

This simple test can easily be repeated to determine both which particular polymer compositions are being processed to form a fibrous intermediate layer according to the invention; are accessible, as well as then to determine the approximately optimal processing conditions, for example the appropriate concentration or dosage of the curing initiator and the various periods of time required, for example, for curing to adequately bond, curing to non-collapse, and. for final hardening, may be required. Such conditions can be carried out relatively quickly by a person skilled in the art, for which only routine test work is necessary. Similarly, one can apply simple test techniques in conjunction with the use of thermoplastic fiber-forming materials.

Polyurethanes and epoxy resins are preferred thermosetting compositions for use in the present invention.

The polymeric material can be applied to the surface beforehand at least one of the layer layers are applied before it is brought into connection with the second layer layer and it can be applied as a continuous or discontinuous layer.

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A laminate according to the invention is shown schematically in perspective in FIG. 1, the layer layers 1 and 2 have an intermediate layer 3 between them,

In the manufacture of a laminate according to the invention, the polymeric material is embedded between two layers, these two layers forming an anchor for the fibers, which make up the intermediate layer, and the layers are then peeled off vertically from one another to form fibers between their adjacent surfaces and the fibers are hardened until they are sufficiently rigid to maintain the desired structure of the intermediate layer. The sequence is shown schematically in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, where the separation of the layers is effected by vacuum tables. 1 and 2, the film layers, and J ¹ is a layer of palymerem material which is sandwiched therebetween. 2b shows the layer layers / polymer layering in position between vacuum tables, the pressure being sufficient to ensure contact between the polymer and the layer layers and the pressure being applied in the direction of the arrows. The adequate heating to soften or harden the polymeric material can also be effected by vacuum wading. The separation of the rollers (FIG. 2c) leads to the formation of fibers, and after the fibers have hardened, a composite material as illustrated in FIG. 2d is obtained.

Fig. 3 illustrates a side view of an execution

Rung form of the invention, whereby a laminate is obtained,

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which has several intermediate fiber layers.

The softening of a thermoplastic material or the hardening of a curable plastic can be done by heat. The layer layers and the interposed polymer material can therefore expediently be heated by running them between pressing one or more heated surfaces. If thermosetting resins are used which do not require heat, so can you can use simple printing surfaces to make contact of the layer layers to ensure with the polymeric material. I -. 'Hen too the surfaces can be stationary as in the case of a simple one Press, so they are preferably in the form of rolls or endless belts, which form a quench point, which the layer layers and the polymer material continuously can be fed and from which wan the product continuously can pull off.

But one surface can also be a Ualze or be one endless belt while the other can be stationary if the surface of the outer sheet which is in contact therewith is smooth enough to slide over it without undue friction. So a surface can have one have a fixed rod or plate, polygons advantageously on their surface with a "non-sticky" material, for example PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) is provided.

The vacuum separation of the layers has been mentioned. 209853/0747

Other suitable methods for separating the layer layers are apparent to the person skilled in the art, for example the Use of rods or wedges where the layer layers have sufficient rigidity for the invention, or wedges between their edges to make a separation across their entire. To achieve an erection. However, the preferred technique involves separation the layers of layers by applying vacuum voltage to their exposed surfaces.

The operating conditions of the process of the invention are selected so that the outer webs move away from each other, the polymeric material adheres to both webs, and "pulling" of the softened or tacky polymeric material occurs between the inner surfaces of the sweeter webs. During this process or thereafter, the polymeric material cures, either by cooling a heat-softened thermoplastic material or by further curing an incompletely polymerized material. Finally, the outer webs are separated by a gap of suitable dimension, which can be extremely small, on the order of microns, but usually within the range of 2 to 25 mm or even 50 mm, and the fibers or tufts of hardened polymer Contains material, at least some and preferably all of which are bonded to both layers of layers. The fibers will usually be at least five times their average diameter in length; the tufts comprise a multiplicity of fibers which can only be located next to one another or at least along one another

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part of their length can be connected. It is not uncommon for a multitude of pasers to be formed side by side be connected in a row, usually of a thickness on the order of a fiber diameter and a length which can of course vary widely. Preferably the fibers have a length of 2 to 25 roms and a thickness of 0.01 to 2 mm. The length depends on the delamination.

The hardened fibers can be flexible or stiff, and the layer layers can also be flexible or stiff The composite material made in accordance with the invention can have a wide range of properties and uses to have. Other factors that influence the properties of the product are the separation of the boundary layers, which Thickness and spacing of the fibers and the extent to which the fibers are bonded to the sheet layers. The fat and the The distance between the fibers is determined by the separation of the layers, the amount of polymeric material present, the rate of separation of the layers, the tackiness of the polymeric material at the point of contact and the Affects curing speed. If the separation of the webs is severe, some fibers may become loose during the separation process break, but this need not be detrimental provided that at least some of the fibers are at both ends are connected and that the broken fibers do not collapse into the bulk of the polymeric material.

The rate of hardening of the polymeric mate-209853/0747

rials can be influenced by heating or cooling the product during or after the separation step. When the polymer If the material is a heat-softened thermoplastic, it can be advantageous to cool the filaments in order to increase the curing speed to increase. The coolant can, for example, be a stream of a flowing medium, preferably gas, in particular air or / nitrogen, at a temperature below that of the material, or they can, for example, be a surface roller or be a rod with which one or more of the layer layers have surface contact or polygons form a locally cold environment, which is used to reduce the heat state is effective. When a flowing medium is to be used as a coolant, it has been found that compressed air is used as a coolant Ambient temperature or below and. at a pressure between 0.7 kg / cm (10 lb / sq.in) and 4.22 kg / cm (60 lb / sq.in) and in particular between 1.41 and 2.11 kg / cm (20 and 30 lb / sq.in.) suitable is. The flow of the flowing medium can be directed to one or both layers or to the one between gap open to them. As an example of a roller or a rod, a pipe can be mentioned x ^ earth, which is highly heat conductive Material is suitable, for example copper or another metal, through which a stream of a cooling medium3 flows which a gas or a liquid, for example water or liquefied gas. The temperature of the flowing The cooling medium is selected to provide the desired degree of cooling, taking into account the materials to be used, the Thickness of the adjacent layer layers, the throughput rate, etc. Alternatively or additionally, if the layer layers with

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Using adherent surfaces (i.e., by vacuum) as above described, separated, these surfaces cooled by currents of a flowing or other medium, whereby the layers with which they are in contact are cooled.

When the polymeric material used is fully polymerized and the polymerization is part of the curing process it can be advantageous to increase the curing speed by heating the product during or after to increase the paser formation level. The heater can be a stream of a heated flowing medium, for example hot air or be a current which is directed onto one or both layers of the layer or into the gap opened between them, or it can be a heated surface with which one or more layer layers are in contact, and this surface can also be the gripping surface, which causes the separation of the layers.

If the polymeric material is softened with the aid of a volatile solvent, it can be advantageous to increase the rate of cure by removing the solvent during or after the paser formation step. This can be effected with the help of a stream of a flowing medium, for example with air or nitrogen, which on the Pasern be judged. The flowing medium can optionally be above ambient temperature and can be, for example, steam.

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Fig. ^1J schematically shows in side view a device for performing the method of the invention in a continuous manner, said flexible film layers I ₁ 2 and thermoplastic polymeric material in the form of a film ^ l of rollers 7 transported v / ground, and with a hot Htahlwalze 8 in Get in touch. After contact of this roller for about half of its circumference, the layer structure runs through the pinch point between roller 3 and a counter-rotating, elastic counter-roller 9 and touches a pair of perforated endless belts 10, of which one touches one of the layers and traverses them with the aid of a vacuum effect - the perforations engages (the pump and the envelopes for supplying the vacuum are not shown). Ribbons 10 then move away from each other, separating the outer webs and causing fibers 3 to be formed between the webs.

An alternative device for use with thermoplastic, polymeric materials is shown in Fig. 5, flexible sheet layers 1, 2 being transported by rollers 7, and molten thermoplastic polymeric material 11 is supplied from an extruder nozzle 12.

Fig. 6a shows a plan view of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention on a continuous basis Base using rigid sheeting and thermoplastic fiber-forming material, and Fig. 6 (b) shows the same Procedure in side view. The layer structure is sandwiched between a pair of counter-rotating heated endless belts

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promoted. At the exit of the pinch point is a pair of Clamps or wedges 13, I ^ at each edge of the .Schichtstoffes used to bring the layer layers apart in the desired thickness. It is softened in the area of the wedges thermoplastic material drawn into the fibers, which are cooled and hardened, for example, by cooling plates 15 can.

Laminated products made according to the invention can have very different properties and uses to have. When the laminate is flexible, such as flexible thermoplastic film or paper with interlayer fibers Made of flexible material, for example polyethylene, the product can be useful as a shock-absorbing and shock-absorbing material be thermally insulating packaging material and can be used, for example, for bags, wrappings, cardboard linings, bottle walls etc. are processed. When processing this material, the inner surfaces of the adjacent Layer plies are heat sealed together by softening the inner thermoplastic layer while collapsing of the fibers in the area of the seal, and if the adjacent Layer layers themselves are made of thermoplastic material, their outer surfaces can also be heat-sealed to one another. Other processing methods, for example graver, gluing, stapling, folding, stacking etc. can of course, where appropriate, applied v / earth. The material can also be processed into other shapes, such as cylindrical tubes for pipe linings. It can be either or both of the 'outside

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swept surfaces of the laminate of embossed or decorated Paper or plastic-coated, or flakes or a covering, creating a material that is suitable for the use of, for example, a thermally insulating, decorative wall covering.

If the laminate is more rigid and thermoformable, it can be formed, for example by vacuum forming, wherein a typical application is the use of the laminate as insulating cups for hot drinks, bowls for food, etc. includes.

VJo the laminate is stiff, but with a flexible one If fiber is interposed, it can find application as an impact absorbing structure, e.g. E. with noise and vibration dampening Properties If the fibers are stiff but crushable, the laminate may be suitable for energy absorption by crushing and can be valuable for example for absorbing impact energy when parachuting fragile objects be thrown off. Rigid laminates also find use as structural units, e.g., of the core-skin layering type, for example for wall and floor panels, subdivisions, etc., which also have thermal insulation properties. For this type of application are the layers preferably made of wood, cardboard, plasterboard, decorative melamine or phenol-formaldehyde / Paper laminates or fiber reinforced plastics (usually in a thickness of 1 to 20, preferably 2 to 10 mm), while the intermediate layer is preferably polyurethane or another

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thermosetting resin is capable of being strong, stiff To form pasers, it is obvious that the layer layers themselves are of laminated construction, especially where the product is to be used for construction purposes. Since the intermediate layer is penetrable int, the composite product can apply as a filter, for example to remove dust particles from air or suspended "particles from a liquid, which is introduced into the layer in a direction parallel to and between the adjacent layer layers. For such a Application, the fiber dimension and the spacing would be selected accordingly. Alternatively, and especially if one or several of the adjoining layer layers made of thermally conductive Material, for example copper, the composite product can be an effective heat exchanger. Such filters or Heat exchange units can be either rigid or flexible and could easily be made in various shapes will. The choice of material for the intermediate fiber layer would again be taken with the intended application in mind, with thermosetting polymers being preferred, for example, where heat exchange is an option.

A further application for products of the invention is that as mixing devices for liquids or flowing media, wherein two or more streams of the medium (which can be liquid or gaseous independently of one another) are conducted into the interlayer region and are mixed as they pass through the interlayer. V.'o a chemical reaction ^{takes place in 1} mixing of the flowing currents

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det, the composite product can serve as a reaction vessel, its laminar construction beneficial to facilitate thermal Regulating the response can be. Alternatively, the reaction could take place within a single flowing stream, for example, when exposed to light, when the composite product has at least one permeable layer of ply or upon contact with a solid catalyst or reactant within the reaction vessel.

For products designed for use as heat exchange units, such as liquid mixers or Reaction vessels, it can be advantageous to place the thread-forming material between the layers in a discontinuous manner to be deposited, for example by spraying one of the layer layers with a polymerizable mass using a spray gun or similar device for generating an arbitrary Series of spots or points from the material or by depositing points made of polymerizable material in a regular row through a variety of nozzles, ifobei then the stains or points made of the material rr.with the other layer are brought into contact, separating the layer layers and hardening as described above. In this way the struts are separated and more regular or arranged in an arbitrary order.

Fig. 7 illustrates an apparatus in which the polymerizable Material is applied in a discontinuous manner, d. h, as random spots or dots,

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onto an intermediate layer 1 with the aid of a spray gun nozzle 16, an intermediate layer 2 is applied and the resulting layering is slightly between a pair of counter-rotating Rolls 8, 9 is pressed, and the layer layers by two endless belts separated from vacuum plates (not shown). When hardening, stiff, fibrous struts 17 between the Layers formed,

Fig. 8 shows, in end view, a mixer for fluids Medium consisting of a layered structure made using the device of Fig. 7 "containing stiff." Layer layers 1, 2, stiff fibrous struts 17 »which form the layer layers separate and connect and channel-shaped side pieces 18, which form a tight seal for the medium, the medium can flow through the mixer in one direction, perpendicular to the plane of the paper.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples

explained.

Example 1

The device of Fig. M was used, the polymeric material being transported as a strip of polyethylene film with a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm. The layers were strips of strong, brown packing paper a width of 120 mm, Die drums were heated inside a Tempe-.ratur of 160 ^0C. When stepping out of the point of contact

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the outer webs were separated by vacuum flattening. One Nozzle for air at ambient temperature, 1, * J1 kg / cm (20 psi) was directed into the intermediate layer to cool the polymeric fibers. The product was a resilient, flexible laminate.

Example 2

A laminate of a polyethylene interlayer of flexible fibers on the order of 1.5 cm in length between Layered layers of a woven nylon textile web became essentially prepared as described in Example 1. A "quilted" pattern was then applied to the laminate, by pressing the polyethylene in a crossed distribution with pressing the laminate between pressure rollers, the Pressure rollers consisted of fitting strips that were heated to a temperature high enough to keep the polyethylene, however not the nylon, to melt. The quilted product could be applied as furniture cover, clothes, bed covers, etc. will,

Example 3

A polymeric reaction product of diethylene glycol / glycerol / terephthalic acid with a hydroxyl equivalent of 500 mg KOH / g was ^{dehydrated under a vacuum of 20 mm Hß at HO 0} C for 15 minutes, then with 1.0 equivalent of Suprasea DN (a diiaocyanate based on MDI from Imperial Chemical Industries) and 0.5 wt. JS dibutyltin dilaurate mixed. That

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Geraisch was poured onto a metal plate measuring 2.54 cm 7.62 cm (I "3") and a second plate was pressed onto the mixture and after one minute it was partially separated. The two plates were held apart and the polyurethane mixture was cured for one hour at 100 ° C., resulting in a stiff, fibrous intermediate layer between the metal plates. The edges of the panels were sealed with silicone rubber and there were two. Glass tubes sealed in the space between the plates at opposite ends of the plates, a flowing mediur could easily flow through the inner layer,

Example 4

A mixture of oxyethylated / oxypropylated glycerine and toluene dianine with a hydroxyl number of 522 mg KOII / g (IO g) was treated with diphenate metal diisocyanate (MDI) (23.26 g) at room temperature mixed and stirred, the exothermic reaction subsided. 12.1 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate were added with stirring, until the second exothermic reaction subsided. 4.54 g of styrene were added together with 1.5 g of benzoin, and dnr? Just be careful touched. Spots from the viscous mixture were placed on a glass plate (15.24 χ 10, IG cm, corresponding (6 "x 4"), a second glass plate was lightly applied to the surface of the first, then it was separated. Fibers were drawn from the genigch between the plates in the area of the stains, and these were pastured by exposure to ultraviolet light. Dio edges the panels were sealed with two tubes inserted at one end and one tube at the other end. The structure is shown in Fig. 9,

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Example 5

An intermediate layer made from the composition described in Example 3 was formed between two sheets of decorative melamine laminate. The separation of the melamine webs took place by means of vacuum plates, the edges being held about 1 cm apart until the intermediate layer was just sufficient not to collapse when the vacuum was removed. the
Post-curing of the resin resulted in a layered structure rr with considerable strength and stiffness.

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Claims (1)

- 21 - Claims {1.J Layered product of a variety of Layer layers in a parallel position to one another, characterized in that at least two of the layer layers have one between they contain intermediate layer used, consisting of fibers, the longitudinal axes of the fibers in the essence at right angles to the plane of the layers that define the boundary form, stand for the intermediate layer, 2, product according to claim 1, characterized in that that the strands are made of polymer material » 3. Product according to claim 2, characterized in that the fibers consist of thermoplagtischeni material. H. Product according to claim 3, characterized in that the thermoplastic material is polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene. 5. Product according to claim 2, characterized in that that the fibers consist of thermosetting polymer. 6. Product according to claim 5, characterized in that the polymer is a polyurethane. 7. Product according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer layers made of synthetic, 209863/0747 polymers! Material. 8, a method for producing the layered product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that there is a fiber-forming Material introduces, optionally subjecting the fiber-forming material to conditions that it is fiber-forming and opposite the Layer layers is adhesive that the layer layers are separated at a distance so that the fibers of the material between they are formed and that the fiber-forming material is hardened. 9, method according to claim 8, characterized in that »that the fiber-forming material is a thermoplastic, polymeric material is used, which is solid at ambient temperature and which fiber-forming by the application of heat and that the fibers are then hardened by cooling. 10, method according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the fiber-forming material uses a polymer which is crosslinkable and many more can be crosslinked, the crosslinking during or is carried out after the fae formation, 11., The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the separation of the layer layers by applying a vacuum to the outer surfaces of the Performs shifts, 209853/07 12, use of the layered product according to one of claims 1 to 7 as a structural unit, 13 «Use of the layered product according to one of claims 1 to 7 as \. ^: heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger contains at least one layer of a material which has high thermal conductivity and wherein the fiber distribution is such that there is no undue resistance to the flow of a medium through the inner layer, 1 * 1. Use according to claim 13, wherein the layered Product is provided with inlet and outlet means at the interlayer cavity and the outer edges of the interlayer cavity be sealed except at the location of the inlet or outlet means. 209853/0747