DE2221055A1 - HEATABLE GLAZING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Description

DR. MÜLLER-BORE DIPL.-PHYS. DR. MANlTZ DIPl.-GHEM. DR. DEUFEL DlPL-ING. FINSTERWALD DIPL.-ING. GRÄMKOW

PATENT LAWYERS

2221055 April 28, 197

Hak / th - G 2221

GLAVERBLE
Chaussee de la Bulpe, "166, Brussels, Belgium

Heatable glazing element

The invention relates to a heatable glazing element with a current-carrying, designed as a heating resistor Device which is connected to a circuit for controlling the heating current, which one with the heating current has a loadable earth connection.

The invention is based on the object of creating a heatable glazing element of the type mentioned at the beginning, which can be installed in a particularly simple manner and connected electrically without any problems, without any danger iür.a damage to the control circuit both during storage and transport of the glazing element as well as during installation and commissioning.

The subject of the invention is a heatable glazing element with a device designed as a heating resistor

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one

Connections for »circuit for controlling the heating current,

which is characterized in that the control circuit forming electrical components in the glazing element are angeoronet from which the power supply connection is led out.

'Essential advantages of the invention are to be seen in the fact that the glazing element and the control circuit have a spatial Form a unit so that the control circuit does not have any installation space beyond the installation space of the glazing element required and that the control circuit is easy to connect, ensures safe operation, an aesthetic one Appearance of the glazing element enables and only requires the connection of a line for its supply.

According to an advantageous development of the invention it is provided that the heating resistor device via the

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Control circuit / can be connected to an alternating current network.

This has the advantage that even unskilled workers can simply connect the power supply line the heatable glazing element without the interposition of a rectifier or to the local electricity network other intermediate link can be put into operation.

According to a further preferred development of the invention it is provided that the electrical components of the control circuit are combined in an integrated module.

A major advantage of this embodiment of the invention is that the control circuit is used during manufacture the glazing element can be used quickly and easily and requires little space.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the integrated module is a printed circuit with semiconductor components is executed.

This advantageously enables a simple series production of the control circuit, this being in the Operation within the glazing element only in very high gives off a small amount of heat.

According to another preferred development it is provided that the electrical components in the integrated module are essentially provided as an integrated circuit or circuits.

This design has the advantage that the integrated module itself is very small in terms of its dimensions can be held.

Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the integrated Block is mounted on a metal plate in thermally conductive contact.

This measure has the advantage that even the small amount of heat generated in the control circuit during operation is generated, is safely discharged.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the integrated module with a casing is made of electrical insulating material provided.

This training has the advantages that the integrated building block in the manufacture of the glazing element

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can be used by semi-skilled workers without risk for generating a short circuit and that at the same time The sheath gives the building block a uniform appearance and is shock-proof as well as during storage is protected from dust.

The electrically insulating material is preferably acrylic resin.

The use of acrylic resin makes it easy and quick to produce an envelope which, on the one hand, is a has sufficient strength and, on the other hand, a pleasing appearance.

In a preferred development, the integrated module is approximately 0.8 cm wide, 1.5 cm deep and 12 cm long.

This training has the advantage that the block is somewhere on the edge of the with little space Glazing element can be accommodated.

The module is preferably inserted into a frame surrounding the glazing element.

This has the advantage that the module is housed in a safe, yet invisible place and thus does not affect the appearance of the glazing element.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a glazing element with at least two Slices, which by an intermediate piece with their surface

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opposite each other and at a distance from each other are held, provided that the integrated module in one of the intermediate piece and opposite edges the outer groove formed by the disks is inserted.

This measure has the advantage that, on the one hand, the module is kept invisible by the intermediate piece and on the other hand no expansion of the frame is required to accommodate the module. Here can advantageously one of the four outer grooves forming the circumference be formed deeper than the others, so that there is more installation space for the arrangement of the module. The resulting asymmetry is caused by the Frame in which the glazing element is used, advantageously covered.

A frame made of a metal preferably surrounds the glazing element.

This has the advantage that, on the one hand, the building block used when the glazing element is inserted is protected against damage and, on the other hand, good heat dissipation from the module is guaranteed =

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the Earth connection of the control circuit connected to the metal frame, which in turn can be connected to earth «.

This measure has the advantage that when the glazing element is inserted and connected of the electrical lines, the metal frame is also safely grounded without a separate grounding cable being connected must become",

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According to a further preferred embodiment, the integrated module to the outside of the glazing element protected by a metal plate.

This measure has the advantage that the building block, especially when it is inserted into a wooden frame and nailing is protected against damage by a nail or other hard object.

Furthermore, there is preferably a variable resistance connected to the control circuit for setting the control temperature.

This has the advantage that the control circuit temperature to be maintained can be adapted to any purpose.

The resistance is advantageously from outside of the glazing element adjustable.

This has the advantage that the temperature for the glazing element always meets the desired conditions can be customized.

According to a preferred development of the invention, at least one temperature sensor is connected to the control circuit tied together.

This measure has the essential advantage that, without corrective measures, a very precise regulation of a a preset temperature is possible.

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The temperature sensor is preferably a warm, sensitive one Resistance.

This measure has the advantage that the temperature sensor itself also has very little space claimed and can be kept essentially invisible.

The temperature sensor is advantageously a thermistor.

This makes it possible to use a temperature sensor with small dimensions.

According to an advantageous development, the heat-sensitive Resistance has a negative temperature coefficient.

This has the advantage that, with increasing temperature, the resistance which determines the sailing temperature a larger control current in the control circuit would fly Ie ü.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the heat sensitive resistance in the glazing element built-in.

This has the advantage that when the glazing element is installed, a separate attachment for there is no heat-sensitive resistor.

The heat-sensitive resistor is preferably in the form of a thin electrically conductive coating on a surface of the glazing element applied.

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This has the advantage that the heat-sensitive resistor is practically invisible on the temperature monitor can be arranged in the most favorable position.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the heat sensitive resistor in a two slices of the Glazing element connecting layer is used and is at least one of the two panes in thermally conductive contact.

This has the essential advantage that the Temperature sensor is housed in a shock-proof and corrosion-proof manner.

According to a further advantageous embodiment is with each surface having a heating resistance device, at least one temperature sensor in thermally conductive Contact.

This measure has the advantage that the temperature of the surface is measured directly which generates the heat.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the device designed as a heating resistor is an electrical device conductive layer which is applied to at least a part of at least one surface of the glazing element.

This measure has the advantage that a larger surface area of the glazing element with such a heating resistor device are provided

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can without thereby affecting the aesthetic appearance of the glazing element and the view through this is affected.

According to another preferred embodiment, the device designed as a heating resistor has electrical conductive wires which are provided in at least a part of at least one surface of the glazing element.

This design has advantages when coating surface areas of the glazing element is not possible or undesirable or if rapid heating of local areas of the glazing element is desirable.

According to a further preferred embodiment is at a glazing element with one pane or more with their surfaces opposite one another and with Panes arranged at a distance from one another have at least the surface forming an outer side of the glazing element at least partially provided with the electrically conductive heating layer and / or the heating wires.

This measure has the advantage that fogging or freezing of the resistance heating device having surface on the side of the glazing element on which there is a risk of this is prevented.

It is preferably provided that the electrically conductive layer or the wires can be loaded with a current strength or are, by means of which, a heating of the glazing element passing cold air to the mit-Sere room temperature

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and / or sufficient heat from the radiation Glazing element is guaranteed.

This has the advantage that people are in the immediate vicinity Area of such a glazing element is longer Being able to stop time without being exposed to uncomfortably cool temperatures.

According to another preferred embodiment it is provided that the electrically conductive layer or the wires with a Amperage is or are loadable, which is sufficient to heat the space or area bounded by the glazing element Dreams to contribute.

This measure has the further advantage that the actual heating of such a room or such rooms can or even be reduced in their capacity can optionally be omitted completely without a significantly increased effort in the production of the Glazing element is required.

According to a further advantageous development, a triac is provided as the controllable current gate of the control circuit.

Such a measure enables a circuit construction that is favorable for miniaturization.

The triac is preferably extinguished by means of a circle with a breakdown characteristic.

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This measure advantageously enables an even greater simplification of the circuit.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the circuit with breakdown characteristic has two transistors and is due to the voltage drop across the variable Resistance formed the bias voltage for the base of one of the two transistors.

This has the advantage that the triac can be controlled in a simple manner by adjusting the variable Resistance can be influenced.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the glazing element is a windshield for a vehicle.

This has the advantage that such a windshield can also be retrofitted in any vehicle can without a separate control circuit having to be connected and accommodated.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention is the glazing element a prefabricated partition wall element "

This has the advantage that, particularly when such an element is arranged between two rooms, a own accommodation for the control circuit is not required and this is still housed invisible is.

The partition element can preferably be used at the same time for heating a room.

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The main advantage of this training is that it is also possible to separate a scarce part that is not provided with a heater, without a subsequent one Installation of such a heater is required.

According to a further advantageous embodiment is in a glazing element with at least two with their Surfaces opposite and spaced apart disks according to the invention between the a layer of thermal insulation material several centimeters thick is provided for two panes.

This design has the advantage that the heating effect of a heating resistor device by a behind it attached insulating layer is supported.

The panes are preferably made of glass and / or glass-ceramic .

A heatable glazing element according to the invention can thus be designed in a versatile manner in accordance with the respective requirements and can still be used and connected in a simple manner by unskilled workers.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to the drawing, for example described; in this shows:

Pig. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit for controlling the heating current through a heating resistor device a glazing element,

Fig. 2 schematically in a partial front view and a partial cross-sectional view one of a

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Pane and glazing element existing on an Eaiunen, in which a control circuit designed as an integrated module in the frame between this and the disc is inserted, and

3 shows a glazing element in a partial cross-sectional view, in which two discs have their surfaces opposite one another through an intermediate piece and kept at a distance from each other and in the by the intermediate piece and the edges of the Discs formed outer groove designed as an integrated module control circuit is used.

Mach Fig. 1 is a circuit 15 for controlling the heating current through a heating resistor device of a glazing element connected to an alternating current source 1 with 220 V and comprises a heating resistor 2, through which the heating resistor device of a glazing element is shown schematically, which is made of an electrically conductive thin layer or lead wires may be formed on one of the surfaces of the glazing element. Furthermore, the circuit 15 comprises diodes 3 ₅ 4, 5 j 6, resistors 7, 6, 9, 10, 19, a triac 12, transistors 13, 14 and a capacitor 20.

Hit the resistor 10 of the control circuit 15 is a Thermistor 11 in series, which serves as a temperature sensor.

The resistance value of the resistor 10 xfird the Temperature control range specified. If the control range is to be changed, the value of this resistance must be changed. Therefore, resistor 10 is advantageously a variable resistor.

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The thermistor 11 is in a glazing element or in placed in the vicinity of this so that it is influenced by the temperature which the glazing element has or in its surroundings. In the case of the I'ig. 1 shown Circuit, the thermistor 11 has a negative temperature coefficient, i. H. its resistance value decreases as the temperature increases.

A triac, such as the triac 12 shown in the circuit of FIG. 1, is described in the "RCA Application Note" AN-3697, 6-68, described on pages 1 and 2. The triac does not conduct any current until its base is energized will. As soon as this current is applied, the triac 12 conducts the heating current through the heating resistor 2. The heating current then flows until it falls again in this half-cycle below a low current value, which corresponds to the Corresponds to the value of the Ealtestromes.

The transistors 1 $ and 14 are a circuit with a breakdown characteristic switched, the transistor 15 of the type pnp and the transistor 14- is of the npn type.

The operation of the circuit shown in Fig. 1 will now be described.

A weak current flows permanently through the outer circle, that of the alternating current source 1, the resistors 7 and 10, the diode 6 and the thermistor 11 is formed. The strength of this current depends on the fluctuations in the resistance value of the thermistor 11 is dependent.

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That of the resistor 9 and the transistors 13 and The circle formed is a circle with a breakdown characteristic and forms a switch.

When the temperature of the connected to the control circuit 15 Glazing element decreases, the value of the thermistor 11 increases, while the current in that of the resistor 10 and the Thermistor 11 formed branch decreases in strength; as a result, the voltage drop across the resistor 10 becomes smaller and the circle formed by transistors 13 and 14 with Breakdown characteristic set in the non-conductive state. The circle with the breakthrough characteristic forms now an open switch, so that the current preferably flows through the resistor from the alternating current source 1, the resistors 7 »8j <ier Diode 5 »cLem Triac 12 and the heating resistor 2 formed Circle flows and the triac 12 is keyed so that the Heating current regardless of whether it just has a negative or positive half cycle, through the triac 12 and the Heating resistor 2 can flow.

On the other hand, when the temperature of the glazing element rises, the resistance value of the thermistor 11 falls and it becomes in particular polarized the base of the transistor 13, which becomes conductive and a current through itself and the resistor 9 lets flow; this creates a voltage drop at resistor 9 »which increases with increasing current strength, and the base of transistor 14 is thereby also polarized and made conductive. This process takes place with a small time constant and the transistors 13 and 14 now form a closed switch that closes a shunt branch around the triac, which itself becomes non-conductive.

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When the from the transistors 13 and 14 and the resistor 9 existing circle with breakthrough characteristics non-conducting and thus forms an open switch, the triac 12 conducts current only when its base is at least slightly is polarized. Such a polarization, slightly above the zero point, takes place above that of the resistors 7 and 8 and the diode 3 formed circle. As soon as the triac is polarized enough, it conducts for a half cycle the heating current, which also flows through the heating resistor 2. Usually the triac on the end would be one such half-cycle again non-conductive and block the heating current, since the polarization at its base at this point in time practically no longer exists. To avoid this, the capacitor 20 is provided, which is located in the Half period during which the triac 12 conducts, charges through the diode 4 and the resistor 19 and then through the Diode 5 discharges again and polarizes the base of the triac 12 again, which thus during the following half cycle remains conductive and allows the heating current to flow through the heating resistor 2.

As a result, the triac 12 remains conductive over a whole period or a whole number of periods and allows heating current flow through the heating resistor 2 until the moment in which the thermistor 11 with increasing temperature the circuit formed by the transistors 13 and 14 with Breakthrough characteristic triggers.

There are a larger number of variants to that described above Circuit conceivable.

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In such a variant, an integrated circuit of the type 3059 from RCA can control a triac.

According to FIG. 2, a glazing element 37 comprises a glass pane 30 and a metal frame 31> surrounding it which consists, for example, of aluminum. One made from a mastic material or a plastic adhesive seal 32 is between the glass 30 contacting Edges of the metal frame 31 and the disc itself are provided.

The control circuit, which can for example be the circuit shown in FIG. 1, is integrated in one Building block 33 summarized, which has an elongated rectangular box shape and with a plastic, for example is coated with a polymerized resin. The integrated module 33 is attached to the metal frame 31 with two Screws 34 fastened. For the electrical mains supply and the ground connection, lines 35 are led out through an opening 36 in the metal frame 31 therefrom.

The sheet of glass 30 is on one surface or both Surfaces coated with a conductive layer (not shown), for example based on gold, which have the properties shown in FIG. 1 heating resistor 2 shown forms. The conductive layer and the integrated chip 33 are not shown above Wires connected, which are located completely inside the metal frame 31.

According to Fig. 3, a glazing element 47 comprises glass panes 40 and 41, which by an intermediate piece 42 with their surfaces opposite one another and at a distance from one another being held. The intermediate piece can be a metal profile.

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An attached between the intermediate piece and the discs Adhesive ensures the strength and tightness of the glazing element formed in this way.

An integrated module 43 having the control circuit, which by using a printed or by integrated circuits can be more miniaturized than is required in the case of the integrated module 33 in FIG is completely covered by the intermediate piece 42 and the adjacent edges of the glass panes 40 and 41 formed outer groove added. Lines 45 for a mains connection and a ground connection lead from the integrated module 43 out of the glazing element 47.

A temperature sensor 52 is on the outside of the glass pane 41 in the form of an electrically conductive thin layer.

As in the case of the glazing element 37 shown in FIG. 2, the heating resistor is provided with an electrically conductive coating formed, which is electrically connected to the integrated module 43.

According to FIG. 3, the glazing element 47 can be supplemented by a further glass pane 50, which is attached to the pane 41 by means of a plastic film 51 is glued, which has a thickness of 0.75 rom and made of polyvinyl butyral. Here the temperature sensor 52 is advantageously in the plastic film 51 embedded, where it is completely protected against impacts, corrosive agents, etc. and with the disc 41 and / or the disk 50 in close thermally conductive contact can stand and accurately feel its temperature.

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If the overall depth of the integrated module 43 is required makes, the outer groove receiving this can be made deeper than the other outer grooves of the glazing element 47 so that more installation space is available. The frame in which the glazing element 47 is inserted, generally hides such an imbalance.

A glazing element according to FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 can be of a craftsman who is not an electrician, easily after inserting it into a window opening or frame be connected.

The integrated module 43 shown in FIG. 3 has a width of 0.8 cm equal to the distance between the discs, a depth of 1.5 cm equal to the depth of the outer groove and a length of about 12 cm.

If the dissipation of heat from the integrated module 33 or 43 is a problem, this can be attributed to a Metal plate can be mounted in thermally conductive contact and can continue to be a highly thermally conductive metal frame be provided for the glazing element. The metal plate and the metal frame simultaneously prevent accidentally nails can penetrate the integrated module if, for example, when inserting the Glazing element in a wooden frame nailing is required.

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Claims (37)

dr. MÜLLER-BORE graduate phys. Dn. MANITZ dipl-ohfm. dr. DEUFEL DIPL.-ING. FINSTERWALD DIPL.-ING. GRÄMKOW PATENTANWÄLTE Mak / th - G 2221 Claims G> 1./Heatable glazing element with a device designed as a heating resistor with connections for a circuit for controlling the heating current, characterized in that the control circuit (15) "forming electrical components (3 - 9, 12 - 14, 19, 20) in Glazing element (37, 4-7) are arranged from which the Power supply connection is led out. 2. Glazing element according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating resistor device has the control circuit can be connected directly to an alternating current network. 3. Glazing element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical components the control circuit (15) in an integrated module (33> 4-3) are summarized. A-. Glazing element according to claim 3j, characterized in that the integrated module (33> 4-3) designed as a printed circuit with semiconductor components is. 5. Glazing element according to claim 3 * characterized geke η η ζ eichnet that the electrical components in the integrated module (33? 4-3) i- ^m essentially than 309845/0725 integrated circuit or circuits are provided. 6. Glazing element according to one of claims 3 ^ is 5 » marked by the fact that the integrated Block (33, 4-3) in thermally conductive contact is mounted on a metal plate. 7. Glazing element according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the integrated module (33? 4-3) has a covering made of electrically insulating Having material. 8. Glazing element according to claim 7 »characterized in that the electrically insulating material Acrylic resin is. 9. Glazing element according to one of claims 3 "to 8, characterized marked that the integrated module (33? 4-3) is about 0.8 cm wide, 1.5 cm deep and 12 cm long. 10. Glazing element according to one of claims 3 to 9 _1, characterized in that the integrated module (33 ₅ 4-3) is inserted into a frame (3Ό) surrounding the glazing element (37). 11. Glazing element according to one of claims 3 to 9 » at least two discs, which by an intermediate piece with their surfaces opposite one another and on Be kept distance from each other, thereby gekenn indicates that the integrated module (4-3) in 309845/0725 an outer groove formed by the intermediate piece (42) and opposite edges of the disks (40, 41) is inserted is. 12. Glazing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a frame made of a metal surrounds the glazing element (37-47). 13. Glazing element according to claim 12, characterized in that g e k e η η ζ e i ch η'e t that the ground connection of the control circuit (15) is connected to the metal frame, which in turn is connectable to earth. 14. Glazing element according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized marked that the integrated Building block (33-43) to the outside of the glazing element is protected by a metal plate. 15. Glazing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a variable resistor (1O) for setting the control temperature with the control circuit (15) is connected. 16. Glazing element according to claim 15, characterized in that the resistor (10) from outside the Glazing element (37, 47) is adjustable. 17. Glazing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one Temperature sensor (52) is connected to the control circuit (15). 309845/0725 -X- 18. Glazing element according to claim 17, characterized in that the temperature sensor (52) is a heat sensitive resistor (11) is. 19. Glazing element according to claim 18, characterized in that the heat-sensitive resistor (11) is a thermistor. 20. Glazing element according to claim 18 or 19, characterized characterized in that the heat-sensitive resistor (11) has a negative temperature coefficient having. 21. Glazing element according to claim 17 "to 20, characterized gekennz eichnet that the heat-sensitive resistor (11) with the glazing element (37 »4-7) firmly connected is. 22. Glazing element according to one of claims 17 to 21, gekennz thereby that the heat-sensitive resistor (11) as a thin, electrically conductive coating (52) is applied to a surface of the glazing element (37 »4-7). 23 · Glazing element according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the heat-sensitive Resistance inserted into a layer (51) that connects two panes (4-1, 5Ό cLes glazing element (47)) is and is in thermally conductive contact with at least one of the two panes. 309845/0725 -g - 24. Glazing element according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that each surface has a heating resistor device at least one temperature sensor is in thermally conductive contact. 25. Glazing element according to one of claims 1 to 24, gekennz ei chnet that the device designed as a heating resistor is an electrical is conductive layer, which is also at least part of at least one surface of the glazing element (37, 47) is applied. 26. Glazing element according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that as a heating resistor formed device comprises electrically conductive wires, which in at least a part at least one surface of the glazing element (37 »4-7) is provided are. 27. Glazing element according to claim 25 or 26 with a Disc or several with their surfaces opposite one another and arranged at a distance from one another Panes, characterized in that at least one outer side of the glazing element (37 »4-7) forming surface at least partially with the electrically conductive heating layer and / or the heating wires is provided. 309845/072 5 28. Glazing element according to claim 27, characterized in that the electrically conductive layer or the wires can be loaded with an amperage "by which the cold air flowing past ^{the glazing element (37» 2 I-?) Is heated to the middle} Room temperature and / or sufficient heat radiation from the glazing element (37 »4-7) is guaranteed. 29. Glazing element according to claim 27, characterized in that the electrically conductive layer or the wires can be loaded with an amperage that is sufficient to heat the of the glazing element (37, 47) limited eauiaes or such trees. 30. Glazing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as controllable A triac (12) is provided in the control circuit. 31. Glazing element according to claim 3O _? thereby geke η η ζ eichnet that the triac (12) is deleted by means of a circle (13, 14) with breakdown characteristics. 32. Glazing element according to claims 15 and 31, thereby marked that the circuit with breakdown characteristic has two transistors (13 »14) and that the voltage drop across the variable resistor (1O) creates the bias voltage for the base of one of the two Transistors (13 »14) is formed. 309845/0725 33 · Glazing element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a windshield for a Vehicle is. 34. Glazing element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a prefabricated partition wall element is. 35. Glazing element according to claim 34, characterized in that the partition element at the same time is applicable to heating a room. 36. Glazing element according to claim 1 with at least two with their surface opposite one another and with Spaced disks, characterized in that between the two Discs (40, 41) a several centimeter thick layer of heat-insulating material is provided. 37. Glazing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panes (30, 40, 41, 50) made of glass and / or glass-ceramic. 309845/0725 Blank page