DE2217902A1 - Method and device for controlling the operation of a cylinder or several cylinders of an internal combustion piston engine - Google Patents

Description

Mfi / GVB / üMH / 20o686
7o CHo 1972

DE

"Method and device for controlling the operation of one or more cylinders of a BrenakraftkolfeesaaseMiie _β "

The present invention relates to a method for preferably automatic control of the company or the work processes © a thermal power piston shell with one or more cylinders ", This method is particularly useful in internal combustion engines with spark ignition or with self-ignition through compression and in particular on Diesel engines applicable. The invention also relates to devices To Perform This Method «The method and apparatus of the present invention

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allow the operation of the heat engine to be controlled by action on the punctures assigned to each power cylinder (such as: Combustion air intake, exhaust of burned gases, fuel injection, intake of compressed air starting, lubrication, intake of Fuel or lubricating oil ingredients or active ingredients, etc.) via their corresponding actuating means (valves, pumps, injection nozzles, etc.) to get the best engine operating conditions for the various types of use desired, such as: normal or reverse direction of rotation (forward gear or reverse gear), Operation as a compressor to generate a braking torque, supply of or feed with various liquid or gaseous fuels types to be used when possible to use several types of fuel for the same engine, longer run with light load or idling, rapid increase in performance, which under a given load a faster speed increase of the driven by this heat engine Vehicle or conveying device (motor vehicle, ship, etc.) allows.

This method is characterized in that one follows the law of motion of the moving parts which affect the whole or act part of the various means necessary for the operation of the engine, or form these means by themselves Control arrangement controls, has vrelcheem optimizing computer device and control commands, information about the angular position of the crankshaft and information about the current operating conditions the internal combustion engine receives. The commands for controlling the movement of the parts mentioned relate on the one hand to the desired Operation of the motor and, on the other hand, the correction or repair of the movement of these parts as a function of the various Operating parameters.

The data on the respective operating conditions or parameters of the engine are in particular the speed of rotation of this engine, the load on it, the temperature of the cylinder (s), different temperatures and / or pressures, the speed of the supercharging turbo fans, etc. It is thus possible to optimize the operation of the engine under different loads and speeds of use, e.g. optimal efficiency, optimal wear and tear or achieve optimal wear and tear and optimal heat load.

Under the expression: "Law of motion of the mentioned movable Parts "is understood to mean the function which the displacement of the moving parts depending on the

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led rotation represents. This function can be represented by the following two elements s

- The zero point, which is defined in relation to a given point of the piston stroke in a cylinder, e.g. top dead center is ί this term determines the setting of the moving parts opposite the chosen point;

- The curve showing the displacement, e.g. the stroke of a valve as a function of the angle by which the crankshaft has rotated from the starting or starting position mentioned.

The means controlled by the aforementioned control arrangement can comprise all or part of the following funds: Air inlet valves, outlet valves for exhausting the burnt gases, fuel injection pumps and nozzles, fuel inlet valves, starting agents such as electric starter or compressed air starting device, lubricant injection nozzles, devices for admixing Active substances and ingredients in the fuel and / or in the lubricant, etc.·

According to a characterizing feature of the present invention, exist the actuating means by which the aforementioned control arrangement on the feed or supply or supply means to which Starting means or the like acts, from individual servomotors or servomotors of the hydraulic, electric, pneumatic or the like. Type of construction, with a purely mechanical control via a camshaft unnecessary.

According to another embodiment of the invention exist the aforementioned actuating means consisting of modulating or correcting means, which act on the particular from the crankshaft, e.g. under Using a camshaft, actuated direct mechanical control means act, the actuating means controlled by the aforementioned control arrangement then being the result of that by the camshaft the control carried out, i.e. the command transmitted by the camshaft, a more gradual, i.e. immediate and overlay commands that are more precisely adapted to the desired operation.

Further characteristic features of the invention are in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings explained. Show it :

- Figure 1 shows the overall view or the circuit diagram of an inventive Device for controlling the operation of a diesel engine;

- Figure 2 the illustration of an individual part of this device namely the actuating means for the movable part of one Valves J and 209843/0836

- Figure 3 is a detailed overall view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention also for controlling a diesel engine.

On the figure 1 you can see the housing 1 of a diesel engine, the crankshaft with the reference number 2 and the two cylinders with the reference numbers 3 and 4 respective operating conditions of the engine, namely a measuring sensor 5 for the speed of the engine, a measuring sensor 6 for the load on the engine, a measuring sensor 7 for the rotational speed of the supercharging turbo fan and a measuring sensor 8 for the temperature of the cylinders; These measuring sensors transmit the collected data to an optimization computer 9, which is connected to a remote switch box 10 which, together with this optimization computer, forms a control arrangement or unit designated by the general reference number 11. This remote control box also receives information or information about the angular position of the crankshaft 2 via an angle encoder 12 carried by the crankshaft 2, the display of which is read by a reader 13. The reference number 14 denotes the entirety of the means for transmitting a control command selected by the operator responsible for the control. A number of control commands, which are only given as examples, are mentioned below t standstill, forward running, reverse running, braking, rapid increase in performance, longer idling, change in the composition of the brake fluid, etc.

The control arrangement 11 transmits control signals, for example by means of electrical or technical transmissions indicated by the general reference number 15, to various means required for the operation of the engine via actuating means, which are designated by the reference numbers 16 », 17, 18, and 19_ for the cylinder 3 and with the reference numerals 16 ^, 17 ,, 18. and 19- for the cylinder 4 are indicated. The reference numbers 16 designate the actuation means for the inlet valves, the reference numbers 17 the actuation means for the outlet valves, the reference number 18 the actuation means for the injection pump, the reference number 19 the actuation means for the starting valve (starting the engine with the aid of pressurized air). Of course, the setpoint signals sent by the control arrangement 11 can be transmitted to many other actuating means, which control the displacement or adjustment of the

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allow those "moving parts" to the different for the means necessary to operate the engine and act on the auxiliary means "or form these means themselves"

In general, a lot of other information can be displayed by means of measuring sensors, transmitters, acceptance devices or display devices (not shown) the optimization computer 9 are transmitted.

It can be seen in FIG. 2 that the actuating means such as 16 for an inlet valve 20 here consist of a servo motor or servomotor with a force element 21 such as "B. a hydraulic or pneumatic one acted upon by the line 23 with a drive medium Power cylinder and from a control element 22 that the Control signal of the control arrangement 11 of Figure 1 via the reference number 15 receives transmission line indicated, consist »All or part of the control device 11 can through electronic, fluidic or other elements are formed.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the means 14 * for triggering a control command are transmitted to the computer 24 "of the control device shown by the dashed line 11". This computer 24 is also with the sensors for the respective operating conditions of the engine and in particular with the engine speed sensor 5 ¹ , with the load indicator 6 ^{1 of} the engine, with the speed sensor 7 'for the supercharging turbo fan and with the temperature indicator 8 ¹ for the cylinders. The signals given by the angular encoder indicated by the general reference number 25, indicating the angular position of the crankshaft of the motor controlled by the mentioned device, are also sent to the computer 24 via a wave shaper 25d, which is a stage for the shaping of the Angle encoder 25 emitted signals, this encoder having an actual coding element 25a, which consists, for example, of a disc arranged at the end of the crankshaft, which is provided on its circumference with a large number of holes cooperating with optical readers 25b and 25c; these readers are e.g. the type using photoresistors. According to a modification, electromagnetic, magnetic, pneumatic, etc. readers could be used. As FIG. 3 shows, the wave shaper 25d is connected to the computer 24. The output of the wave shaper 25d is also connected to the input of a counter 26, which is formed, for example, by one of the binary counters. This counter 26 is at its output with a De-

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Encoding device 27 connected, which by a diode matrix for decoding the angular useful values of the crankshaft is formed, where this decoder itself is connected to a logic mixing gate device 28, which is also connected via line 29 from the computer 24 receives elaborated signals. The logical mixing gate device 28 provides a set of signals which actuate a number of puncture transducers, any one of which with the reference number. 30 is indicated and these donors the The purpose is to provide setpoint signals that are appropriate to the design and amplitude produce, for operating the various means which determine the operation of the engine or the parts which themselves are these various Form means j so in detail on FIG. 3 at 30 is the one the puncture transmitter is shown, which enables the actuation of one of the (inlet or outlet) designated here with the reference number 20 ' Valves corresponds. This from the logical mixing gate device 28 controlled puncture transmitter here comprises an integrator I, a filter P and an amplitude limiter B; there at its exit he sends a setpoint signal, which is sent via line 31 to a comparator 32 is supplied, which also plays a reinforcement roll, wherein the comparator also receives a signal from the position transmitter 33, which detects the current position of the valve spindle 20 '; the comparator 32 can thus determine the respective position of the exhaust valve in Correct the dependency of the setpoint signal by sending an Control signal via line 34, which the control element 22 'like E.g. an electrohydraulic servo valve is applied, which the Power element 21 'controls, which e.g. by a hydraulic power cylinder, whose piston is directly connected to the valve 20 'is formed. On this figure 3 is symbolic of the design of the Signals transmitted over the main lines of the device indicated, with the reference symbol "0 S" indicating the opening of the valve s 20 · corresponding pulse and the reference symbol "P S" the pulse corresponding to the closing of this valve.

According to a modification, the actuating means for the affected moving part such as the spindle of valve 20 ', a servo motor or servomotor, which is delivered directly according to an open loop through the through a puncture transmitter such as 30. Setpoint signal is controlled »

The invention is thus significantly advantageous in that it provides a type of "electronic cam" device which

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the assumption of some stroke law for the opening of the valves depending on the angular position of the crankshaft. This device is therefore extremely interesting for research and development work. For example, with a prototype engine, by means of a simple and fast electronic regulation that controls the valves or the stroke of the injection needle "effective" Change the cam profile ".

Furthermore, a multi-cylinder engine uses only a single one Winkelkodierero It is possible with the same rotary displacements with the same changes in the angular position (e.g. every x-degree) of the crankshaft, the entirety of the control signals concerned (injection control, Valve control, etc.) periodically reproduced or to repeat evenly.

The invention enables overall control of the operation of the engine, so that you can enter data into the computer, such characteristic values that characterize the purity or cleanliness of the exhaust gases, ie the absence or reduction of smoke and the residues considered _{as impurities or pollutants o}

Finally, the invention easily allows a multi-cylinder engine with a number of non- operational TtfUüäev to aifteiteai. It is of particular interest to keep valves closed in order to work exclusively according to a compression cycle (special case of very slow running or damage to cylinders or the charging device) "

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Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS A method for controlling the operation of a cylinder odEscnetaexer cylinder of a heat engine, in particular an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, characterized by the control of the course of movement of moving parts that act on all or part of various means required for the operation of the engine or even these means forming, by a control arrangement which includes a Optimalisierungsrechner and control commands, an indication of the angular position of the crankshaft and information on the respective operating conditions of the engine such as rotation speed of the engine and receives the temperature or the cylinder of the engine, load " 2. The method according to claim 1, for controlling the operation of a diesel engine, characterized in that the means controlled by the control arrangement, the air inlet valves, the outlet valves for the burned gases, the injection pumps and the fuel injectors, the fuel inlet valves and the starting medium, for example one electric starter or a compressed air starting device. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2 for controlling a multi-cylinder engine, characterized by the periodic reproduction of all the control signals for the motor, with equal rotations the crankshaft. 4β Method according to one of the preceding claims for multi-cylinder engines, characterized by the operation of the engine with at least one shutdown or shutdown cylinder. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the input as data in the computer of characteristic values which indicate the degree of purity of the exhaust gases or the absence in dtesanwc. Label impurities or contaminants . 6. A device for carrying out the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by means (14; 14 ') for transmitting a control command, sensors, encoders or detection or display devices (5-8; 5 ¹ - 8 ») for the respective Operating conditions of the engine (1), such as in particular the speed of the engine, the load on the engine, the temperature of the cylinder or cylinders (3t 4), an angle encoder (12, 25) which provides information about the angular position of the crankshaft (2) outputs, a control arrangement (11; 209843/0836 11 ·) which is connected to the rotary encoder, to the transmission means and to the measuring sensors, and actuating means (16 - 19 J 21 - 22; 21 '- 22 *) which act on all or part of the main functions of the motor. and / or auxiliary means act or form these means (20, 20 ') themselves _o 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized by one of the sensors (5-8; 5 ^f -8 ¹ ) connected to the optimization computer (9; 24) and a remote control box (10) with the transmission means (H; 14 ') »with the Angle encoder (12; 25), with the optimization computer (9 j 24) and with the actuating means (16-19 J 21-22 ·; 21 '- 22 ») is connected. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the actuating means (16-19) are formed by servomotors or servomotors (21-22 j 2Γ-22 ¹ ). 9. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the actuating means (16-19 j 21-22; 21'-22 ') modulating means are, which the interaction with means for mechanical control of an element driven by the crankshaft (2) such as a camshaft, work. 10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the servomotors or servomotors (21-22; 21 '- 22') each with the air inlet valves (20 j 20 '), with the outlet valves for the burned gases, with the fuel injection pumps and injectors, with the fuel inlet valves (20 j 20 ·), with the Compressed air starting and direction of rotation reversing device, with the lubricant injection nozzles and with devices for adding ingredients or active substances to the fuel and the lubricant, are connected. 11. Device according to one of claims 6 and 8 to 10, characterized in that the control arrangement (11 ¹ ) has a computer (24) »the wave former (25d) forming the output of a coding device (25), with the means ( 14 ^! ) For transmitting the control command and connected to the measuring sensors (5 ¹ - 8 '), a counter device (26), the input of which is connected to the output of the wave shaper (25d), a device (27) for decoding the useful angle values the crankshaft (2), the input of which is connected to the output of the counter device, a logic mixing gate device (28) of which one input is connected to the output of the decoder (27) and another input is connected to the output of the computer (24), function generator (3O _n ; 30.) which, in terms of shape and amplitude, setpoint signals for actuating the operation of the motor (1) 209843/0836 conditional different means (21'-22 ') or even form these different means (20 ¹ ), each of these puncture transmitters has an input connected to the output of the logic mixing gate (28) and one to the output of the computer (24 ) connected input. 12o device according to claim 11, characterized with respect to the actuating means (21 '- 22 ¹ ) of a movable part such as an inlet valve spindle (20') or an outlet valve spindle, by a function generator (3O ₁ ), an integrator (I), a filter ( F) and an amplitude limiter (E) and by actuating means for the movable part (20), which has a servo motor or servomotor (21'-22 ') which controls the displacement of this movable part, and a comparator ( 32) with amplification properties, which receives the setpoint signal as well as a signal emitted by a position transmitter (33) for the movable part (20) and transmits a control signal to the servo motor. 13. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the servo motor (21 '- 22'), which ^{causes the displacement of the movable part (20 1} ), is controlled directly according to an open loop by the setpoint signal » 2Ü9843 / 0836 Jf Blank page